Residual Activity of Diclosulam Applied to Soybean on Cotton Crop in Succession

MATTE, W.D.; CAVALIERI, S.D.; PEREIRA, C.S.; IKEDA, F.S.; COSTA, W.B.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582019370100016

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Article • Planta daninha 37 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582019370100016 copy

Residual Activity of Diclosulam Applied to Soybean on Cotton Crop in Succession

Atividade Residual de Diclosulam Aplicado na Cultura da Soja sobre o Algodoeiro em Sucessão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The application of alternative herbicides to replace glyphosate can affect the succession cropping due to the persistence in the soil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the residual activity of diclosulam applied to a pre-emergence soybean crop on a cotton plant grown in succession. The present study used a randomized complete block design with five replicates and seven doses of diclosulam (0, 2.19, 4.38, 8.75, 17.5, 35 and 70 g a.i. ha-1). The cotton was sown 112 days after application of the herbicide, with accumulated rainfall of 637 mm during the soybean cycle. Variables related to photosynthetic characteristics, phytointoxication, growth, components of production and productivity were evaluated in both crops. Diclosulam did not affect the soybean cultivar M7739 IPRO. The residual activity of diclosulam (35 g ha-1) on cotton caused phytointoxication at a rate of 5% at 14, 20 and 27 days after sowing (DAS). However, the components of production, productivity and the cotton fiber quality were not affected up to 70 g ha-1 of diclosulam.

Keywords:
carryover; Glycine max; Gossypium hirsutum; herbicide; persistence

Authorship

W.D. MATTE ^** Corresponding author: <willianmatte@hotmail.com>

Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brasil.

S.D. CAVALIERI

Embrapa Algodão, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Embrapa AlgodãoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Embrapa Algodão, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

C.S. PEREIRA

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

F.S. IKEDA

Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Embrapa AgrossilvipastorilBrasilSinop, MT, Brasil Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

W.B. COSTA

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

* Corresponding author: <willianmatte@hotmail.com>

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brasil.

Embrapa Algodão, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Embrapa AlgodãoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Embrapa Algodão, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Embrapa AgrossilvipastorilBrasilSinop, MT, Brasil Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (2)
Tables (3)
Formulas (1)

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Figure 1
Climatic conditions recorded in the weather station of the Cotton Institute of the State of Mato Grosso (IMAmt) during the experiment, in a soybean-cotton succession. Maximum, average, minimum tempratures (oC) and annual precipitation (mm day-1). Sorriso-MT. 2016.

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Figure 2
Percentage of intoxication in cotton plant cv. TMG 42 WS at 14 (a: 8,4; b: 0,8598; x0: 34,67), 20 (a: 7,8; b: 1,1166; x0: 36,19) and 27 DAS (a:10,2; b:1,0853; x0: 35,85), grown in succession to soybean cv. M7732 IPRO subjected to the application of pre-emergence diclosulam. Sorriso-MT, 2016.

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Table 1
Summary of the analysis of variance referring to the variables related to soybean photosynthesis (Ci: internal CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber; E: transpiration rate; gs: stomatal conductance; A: photosynthetic rate), growth (EI: initial stand; EF: final stand; AP: plant height; AI: height of the insertion of the first pod), components of production (NV: number of pods per plant; NGV: number of grains per pod; M100: 100 grains mass) and productivity (P), analyzed in the soybean crop cv. M7739 IPRO treated with pre-emergence diclosulam. Sorriso-MT, Brazil, 2016

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Table 2
Summary of the analysis of variance referring to the variables related to cotton photosynthesis (Ci: internal CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber; E: transpiration rate; gs: stomatal conductance; A: photosynthetic rate), growth (EI: initial stand; EF: final stand; AP 132 DAS: plant height; ARP 132 DAS: height of the insertion of the first productive branch), components of production and productivity (NC: number of buds per plant; MMC: average mass of buds; RP: yield of feathers; PC: cotton seeds productivity) and fiber quality (TR: leaves; A: area of impurity; UHM: fiber length; UI: uniformity index; SFC: short fiber index; STR: tensile strength; ELONG: elongation; MIC: fiber thickness; RD: reflectance unit; +B: yellowing level; SCI: amount of pounds-force to break a 120 jd-length and 1.5 jd-circumference skein; MAT: maturity), assessed in the cotton plant cv. TMG 42 WS grown in succession to soybean cv. M7739 IPRO treated with pre-emergence diclosulam. Sorriso-MT, Brazil, 2016

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Table 3
Dose of diclosulam (g ha-1) required to cause an intoxication rate of 5 and 10% [D5 and D10] in cotton plant cv. TMG 42 WS grown in succession to soybean. The regression parameters were calculated using the equation of the sigmoid model (

f = a / (1 + e x p (- (x - x 0) / b))

) Sorriso-MT, Brazil, 2016

Thumbnail

Figure 1 Climatic conditions recorded in the weather station of the Cotton Institute of the State of Mato Grosso (IMAmt) during the experiment, in a soybean-cotton succession. Maximum, average, minimum tempratures (oC) and annual precipitation (mm day-1). Sorriso-MT. 2016.

Figure 2 Percentage of intoxication in cotton plant cv. TMG 42 WS at 14 (a: 8,4; b: 0,8598; x0: 34,67), 20 (a: 7,8; b: 1,1166; x0: 36,19) and 27 DAS (a:10,2; b:1,0853; x0: 35,85), grown in succession to soybean cv. M7732 IPRO subjected to the application of pre-emergence diclosulam. Sorriso-MT, 2016.

Table 1 Summary of the analysis of variance referring to the variables related to soybean photosynthesis (Ci: internal CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber; E: transpiration rate; gs: stomatal conductance; A: photosynthetic rate), growth (EI: initial stand; EF: final stand; AP: plant height; AI: height of the insertion of the first pod), components of production (NV: number of pods per plant; NGV: number of grains per pod; M100: 100 grains mass) and productivity (P), analyzed in the soybean crop cv. M7739 IPRO treated with pre-emergence diclosulam. Sorriso-MT, Brazil, 2016

Variable related to photosynthesis	General average	CV (%)	Pr > F	Growth	General average	CV (%)	Pr > F
Variable related to photosynthesis	19 DAA				EA
C_i (μmol mol^-1)	295.51	3.1	0.25^ns	EI (plants m^-1) - 7 DAA	9.45	10.99	0.58^ns
E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	3.34	4.91	0.07^ns	EF (plants m^-1) - 104 DAA	9.98	10.68	0.26^ns
g_s (mol m^-2s^-1)	1.19	19.18	0.08^ns	AP (cm) - 104 DAA	67.42	7.12	0.14^ns
A (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	22.00	8.87	0.12^ns	AI (cm) - 104 DAA	13.93	24.47	0.26^ns
Variables related to photosynthesis	27 DAA			Components of production	Pre-harvest
C_i (μmol mol^-1)	227.34	6.09	0.22^ns	NV (pod per plant)	50.43	9.29	0.95^ns
E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	4.94	18.1	0.61^ns	NGV (grain pod^-1)	2.43	6.8	0.44^ns
g_s (mol m^-2s^-1)	0.97	33.39	0.15^ns	M100 (g)	17.26	4.42	0.93^ns
A (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	16.34	19.31	0.77^ns	-	-	-	-
Variables related to photosynthesis	34 DAA			Productivity	Harvest
C_i (μmol mol^-1)	252.71	6.94	0.28^ns	P (kg ha^-1)	3187.29	12.53	0.21^ns
E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	6.25	6.82	0.13^ns	-	-	-	-
g_s (mol m^-2s^-1)	0.67	26.56	0.05^ns	-	-	-	-
A (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	20.55	12.1	0.40^ns	-	-	-	-

DAA: days after application; EA: evaluation period according to the response-variable; ns: non significant.

Table 2 Summary of the analysis of variance referring to the variables related to cotton photosynthesis (Ci: internal CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber; E: transpiration rate; gs: stomatal conductance; A: photosynthetic rate), growth (EI: initial stand; EF: final stand; AP 132 DAS: plant height; ARP 132 DAS: height of the insertion of the first productive branch), components of production and productivity (NC: number of buds per plant; MMC: average mass of buds; RP: yield of feathers; PC: cotton seeds productivity) and fiber quality (TR: leaves; A: area of impurity; UHM: fiber length; UI: uniformity index; SFC: short fiber index; STR: tensile strength; ELONG: elongation; MIC: fiber thickness; RD: reflectance unit; +B: yellowing level; SCI: amount of pounds-force to break a 120 jd-length and 1.5 jd-circumference skein; MAT: maturity), assessed in the cotton plant cv. TMG 42 WS grown in succession to soybean cv. M7739 IPRO treated with pre-emergence diclosulam. Sorriso-MT, Brazil, 2016

Variable related to photosynthesis	General average	CV (%)	Pr > F	Components of production and productivity	General average	CV (%)	Pr > F
Variable related to photosynthesis	14 DAS				Pre-harvest
C_i (μmol mol^-1)	230.34	6.01	0.12^ns	NC	4.08	33.87	0.37^ns
E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	5.14	17.40	0.69^ns	MMC (g)	2.91	13.62	0.96^ns
g_s (mol m^-2s^-1)	0.29	31.15	0.71^ns	RP (%)	42.46	2.01	0.26^ns
A (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	16.54	19.08	0.69^ns	PC (kg ha^-1)	738.22	31.26	0.65^ns
Variables related to photosynthesis	20 DAS			Fiber quality	After harvest
C_i (μmol mol^-1)	216.28	8.27	0.58^ns	TR	2.88	51.51	0.85^ns
E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	8.19	7.56	0.10^ns	A (%)	0.37	70.60	0.86^ns
g_s (mol m^-2s^-1)	0.50	19.73	0.17^ns	UHM (in)	1.13	2.94	0.92^ns
A (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	22.98	11.06	0.76^ns	UI (%)	81.92	1.64	0.99^ns
Variables related to photosynthesis	27 DAS			SFC (%)	9.37	5.38	10.28^ns
C_i (μmol mol^-1)	259.57	9.95	0.42^ns	STR (gf tex^-1)	28.79	4.78	0.90^ns
E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	4.80	18.68	0.80^ns	ELONG (%)	6.38	4.59	0.40^ns
g_s (mol m^-2s^-1)	0.67	47.11	0.95^ns	MIC (µg in^-1)	3.82	3.73	0.90^ns
A (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	18.65	37.98	0.69^ns	RD (%)	83.55	1.25	0.85^ns
Growth	EA			+B	8.01	3.89	7.81^ns
EI (plants m^-1)	7.56	10.99	0.65^ns	SCI (lbf)	134.34	7.55	0.99^ns
EF (plants m^-1)	8.90	12.45	0.96^ns	MAT (%)	85.02	0.62	0.56^ns
AP (cm) - 132 DAS	47.65	14.70	0.40^ns	-	-	-	-
ARP (cm) - 132 DAS	21.79	6.66	0.10^ns	-	-	-	-

DAS: Days after sowing; EA: Assessment period according to the response-variable; ns: non significant.

Table 3 Dose of diclosulam (g ha-1) required to cause an intoxication rate of 5 and 10% [D5 and D10] in cotton plant cv. TMG 42 WS grown in succession to soybean. The regression parameters were calculated using the equation of the sigmoid model ( $f = a / (1 + e x p (- (x - x 0) / b))$ ) Sorriso-MT, Brazil, 2016

Variable	Parameter			R²	D₅	D10
Variable	a	b	x0
Phytointoxication 14 DAS	8.40	0.8598	34.67	0.99	35.00	-
Phytointoxication 20 DAS	7.80	1.1166	36.19	0.99	37.00	-
Phytointoxication 27 DAS	10.20	1.0853	35.85	0.99	35.80	40.1

DAS: days after sowing; R²: coefficient of determination; f: response-variable; x: diclosulam dose; a: range or maximum value of the response-variable; b: constant of the sigmoid model; x0: doses of diclosulam for a 50% range.

f = \frac{a}{(1 + e x p (- \frac{x - x 0}{b}))}

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[1] * Corresponding author: <willianmatte@hotmail.com>