Influence of Adjuvants and Spray Nozzles on Glyphosate
                  Drift

Martini, A.T.; Avila, L.A.; Camargo, E.R.; Moura, D.S.; Marchezan, M.G.; Pivetta, A.P.

doi:10.1590/0100-83582015000200024

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Artigos • Planta daninha 33 (2) • Apr-Jun 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-83582015000200024 copy

Influence of Adjuvants and Spray Nozzles on Glyphosate Drift

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Glyphosate drift can cause environmental impact and also affect crops that are sensitive to this herbicide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different adjuvants and different nozzles on glyphosate drift in terrestrial applications. The study was conducted in the field, arranged in a factorial design (3 x 9): factor A consisted of three different spray nozzles: one flat spray nozzle (Teejet = XR 110.015) and two air induction flat spray nozzles (Teejet AIXR 110.015 and Teejet TTI 110.015). Factor B was composed of seven adjuvants: Break Thru^(r) (0.1% v.v.), Grap' Oil^(r) (0.5% v.v.), Grap Super Gun^(r) (0.03% v.v.), Iharol^(r) (1% v.v.), NP-10^(r) (0.075 L ha^-1), Dash HC^(r) (0.5% v.v.) and Emultec R^(r) (0.05 L ha^-1). The adjuvants were added to Roundup Transorb R^(r) herbicide at 2.16 a.i. ha^-1. Moreover, there were two control treatments, one untreated check and another one with application of glyphosate without adjuvant. The distance of droplets off-target, injury caused by drift, volumetric median diameter (VMD), droplet density and volume were evaluated by water sensitive paper cards. The TTI 110.015 spray nozzle resulted in lesser drift when compared to the AIXR 110.015 and XR 110.015 nozzles. The TTI and AIXR nozzles showed lower droplet density and greater VMD compared with the XR nozzle. The use of NP-10^(r) and Emultec R^(r) adjuvants with spray nozzle XR 110.015 increases drift. Adjuvant Emultec R^(r) increases VMD droplets when used with the XR 110.015 nozzle. The use of adjuvants Grap' Oil^(r), Grap Super Gun^(r), Iharol^(r) and Dash HC^(r)decrease density derived droplets when generated with the XR 110.015 nozzle.

application technology; droplet spectrum; terrestrial spraying; phytotoxicity

Nome comercial	Composição	Função	Formulação
Break Thru	Copolímero poliéter – polimetil siloxano (silicone) 100%	Espalhante não iônico	Concentrado solúvel
Grap’ Oil	Óleo vegetal	Adjuvante, espalhante adesivo e antievaporante	Óleo emulsionável
Grap Super Gun	Ácido fosfórico, ureia, álcool laurílico etoxilado	Adjuvante	ND¹^/
Iharol	Hidrocarbonetos parafínicos, ciclo parafínico e aromáticos saturados e insaturados provenientes da destilação do petróleo (Óleo mineral)	Adjuvante, inseticida e acaricida	Concentrado emulsionável
NP-10	Nitrogênio e fósforo	Fertilizante foliar	ND¹^/
Dash HC	Hidrocarboneto aromático, ésteres metílicos, ácido graxo insaturado e tensoativo	Adjuvante	Concentrado emulsionável
Emultec R	Nitrogênio e fósforo	Fertilizante foliar	ND¹^/

Adjuvantes	Deriva (m)
Adjuvantes	XR 110.015	AIXR 110.015	TTI 110.015
Gly.¹^/	4,33 b A³^/	2,93 ^ns⁴^/ AB	1,27 ^nsB
Break Thru²^/	5,57 ab A	4,20 AB	1,87 B
Grap’Oil²^/	6,83 ab A	2,26 B	1,73 B
Grap Super Gun²^/	7,00 ab A	2,90 B	1,40 B
Iharol²^/	5,50 ab A	3,93 B	2,07 B
NP-10²^/	8,16 a A	3,00 B	2,17 B
Dash HC²^/	6,00 ab A	2,73 B	1,57 B
Emultec R²^/	9,00 a A	3,03 B	3,00 B

Adjuvantes	DMV (µm)
Adjuvantes	XR 110.015	AIXR 110.015	TTI 110.015
Test.^1/	643 b B⁴^/	1170 ^ns5/AB	2380 ^nsA
Gly.^2/	516 b B	1663 A	1814 A
Break Thru³^/	818 b B	1977 A	2013 A
Grap’Oil³^/	957 b B	2070 A	2380 A
Grap Super Gun³^/	712 b ^ns	1068	1359
Iharol³^/	673 b B	1533 A	1713 A
NP-10³^/	713 b B	1476 AB	2247 A
Dash HC³^/	857 b B	1670 AB	2395 A
Emultec R³^/	1022 a ^ns	1316	1983

Adjuvantes	Densidade (gotas cm^-2)
Adjuvantes	XR 110.015	AIXR 110.015	TTI 110.015
Test.¹^/	129 a A⁴^/	38 ^ns5/B	14 ^nsB
Gly.²^/	105 ab A	68 AB	29 B
Break Thru³^/	66 b A	40 AB	17 B
Grap’Oil³^/	100 ab A	42 B	35 B
Grap Super Gun³^/	94 ab A	43 B	17 B
Iharol³^/	78 b A	57 AB	17 B
NP-10³^/	112 ab A	37 B	18 B
Dash HC³^/	103 ab A	33 B	14 B
Emultec R³^/	92 ab A	37 B	15 B

Adjuvantes	Densidade (gotas cm^-2)
Adjuvantes	XR 110.015	AIXR 110.015	TTI 110.015
Test.¹^/	52 C⁴^/ ^ns5/	39 ^ns	13 ab
Gly.²^/	151 b ^ns	78	21 ab
Break Thru³^/	167 ab ^ns	123	10 ab
Grap’Oil³^/	50 c ^ns	26	13 ab
Grap Super Gun³^/	84 c A	8 B	4 b B
Iharol³^/	48 c ^ns	45	21 ab
NP-10³^/	211 ab A	20 B	45 ab B
Dash HC³^/	52 c ^ns	43	41 ab
Emultec R³^/	341 a ^ns	144	71 a

Adjuvantes	Volume recuperado⁶^/ (L ha^-1)
Adjuvantes	XR 110.015	AIXR 110.015	TTI 110.015
Test.¹^/	1,4 b⁴^/ ^ns5/	1,1 ^ns	1,6 ^ns
Gly.²^/	7,2 b ^ns	6,2	1,1
Break Thru³^/	10,6 b A	6,2 B	0,4 B
Grap’Oil³^/	3,0 b ^ns	2,0	0,8
Grap Super Gun³^/	5,4 b A	0,2 B	0,1 B
Iharol³^/	2,4 b ^ns	1,7	3,5
NP-10³^/	42,0 a ^ns	6,1	3,2
Dash HC³^/	11,9 b ^ns	2,4	4,7
Emultec R³^/	51,2 a ^ns	11,1	4,8

Adjuvantes	DMV (µm)
Adjuvantes	XR 110.015	AIXR 110.015	TTI 110.015
Test.¹^/	76 a⁴^/ ^ns5/	70 a	63 b
Gly.²^/	89 a A	120 a A	93 ab A
Break Thru³^/	116 a ^ns	100 a	89 ab
Grap’Oil³^/	91 a ^ns	92 a	121 ab
Grap Super Gun³^/	123 a ^ns	66 a	87 ab
Iharol³^/	97 a ^ns	85 a	136 ab
NP-10³^/	154 a ^ns	101 a	107 ab
Dash HC³^/	155 a ^ns	117 a	140 ab
Emultec R³^/	127 a ^ns	118 a	145 a

Distância (m)	Fitotoxicidade (%)⁴^/
Distância (m)	XR 110.015	AIXR 110.015	TTI 110.015
1	89¹^/ A²^/ ^ns3/	88 a	88 a
2	88 a A	72 a A	37 b B
3	84 a A	55 b B	15 c C
4	73 a A	28 c B	0 d C
5	53 b A	14 c B	0 d C
6	38 c A	0 d B	0 d B
7	26 cd A	0 d B	0 d B
8	15 d A	0 d B	0 d B
9	9 d A	0 d B	0 d B

Adjuvantes	Fitotoxicidade (%)⁵^/
	Distância (m)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Gly.¹^/	98 ^ns3/A⁴^/	50 ^ns B	45 ^ns B	28 ^ns BC	0 ^ns C	0 ^ns C	0 ^ns C	0 b C	0 b C
Break Thru²^/	99 A	77 AB	74 AB	49 B	30 B	14 C	0 C	0 b C	0 b C
Grap’Oil²^/	100 A	73 A	49 AB	42 B	32 BC	22 BC	20 BC	10 b C	0 b C
Grap Super Gun²^/	99 A	63 AB	50 AB	31 B	18 BC	18 BC	17 BC	0 b C	0 b C
Iharol²^/	98 A	85 A	61 AB	44 B	33 BC	10 C	0 C	0 b C	0 b C
NP-10²^/	100 A	87 A	68 AB	29 BC	24 BC	19 BC	18 BC	4 b C	0 b C
Dash HC²^/	100 A	55 AB	44 B	43 B	41 B	10 C	0 C	0 b C	0 b C
Emultec R²^/	100 A	99 A	72 A	45 AB	24 B	20 B	20 B	19 a B	18 a B

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rpdaninha@gmail.com

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