Residual Activity of Sulfentrazone Applied to Soybean on Cotton Crop in Succession

MATTE, W.D.; CAVALIERI, S.D.; PEREIRA, C.S.; IKEDA, F.S.; SHENG, L.Y.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582019370100043

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Article • Planta daninha 37 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582019370100043 copy

Residual Activity of Sulfentrazone Applied to Soybean on Cotton Crop in Succession

Atividade Residual de Sulfentrazone Aplicado na Cultura da Soja sobre o Algodoeiro em Sucessão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Weed resistance to glyphosate in agricultural production systems has led to the need of applying herbicides with different mechanisms of action. However, the persistence of these herbicides in the soil can harm the subsequent crop. This study aimed to assess the effect of the residual activity of the herbicide sulfentrazone applied in pre-emergence of soybean on cotton in succession. The experimental design was a randomized block design with five replications, with seven doses of sulfentrazone (0, 37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 g ha-1). Cotton was sown at 112 days after herbicide application (DAA), with an accumulated precipitation of 637 mm during soybean cycle. Variables related to photosynthetic characteristics, phytointoxication, establishment, development, production components, and yield were assessed in both crops. The residual activity of sulfentrazone did not significantly interfere with the assessed variables in soybean but caused significant losses to cotton, which the recommended dosage (600 g ha-1) of the herbicide reduced cotton yield by 30%.

Keywords:
Glycine max; Gossypium hirsutum; carryover; herbicide; persistence

Authorship

W.D. MATTE ^** Corresponding author: <willianmatte@hotmail.com>

Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brasil.

S.D. CAVALIERI

Embrapa Algodão, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Embrapa AlgodãoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Embrapa Algodão, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

C.S. PEREIRA

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

F.S. IKEDA

Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Embrapa AgrossilvipastorilBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

L.Y. SHENG

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

* Corresponding author: <willianmatte@hotmail.com>

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá-PR, Brasil.

Embrapa Algodão, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Embrapa AlgodãoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Embrapa Algodão, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, Brasil.Embrapa AgrossilvipastorilBrazilSinop, MT, Brazil Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, Brasil.

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (4)
Tables (7)
Formulas (2)

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Figure 1
Maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures (oC) and precipitation (mm day-1) registered during the experimental period in the soybean-cotton succession. Sorriso, MT, 2016.

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Figure 2
Phytointoxication of cotton plants in succession to soybean submitted to sulfentrazone application in pre-emergence at three assessments periods (14, 20, and 27 DAS). Sorriso, MT, 2016.

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Figure 3
Variables related to development (A: first productive branch height; B: plant height at 132 DAS) assessed in cotton in succession to soybean submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016.

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Figure 4
Production and productivity components (A: average weight of bolls; B: number of bolls per plant; C: cotton productivity) assessed in cotton in succession to soybean submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016.

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Table 1
Summary of analysis of variance of photosynthesis-related variables (Ci: internal CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber; E: transpiration rate; gs: stomatal conductance; A: photosynthetic rate) and phytointoxication assessed in the soybean crop submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016

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Table 2
Summary of analysis of variance of variables related to development (IS: initial stand; FS: final stand; PH: plant height; IH: first pod insertion height), production components (NP: number of pods per plant; NGP: number of grains per pod; W100: 100-grain weight), and productivity (P) assessed in the soybean crop submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016

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Table 3
Summary of analysis of variance of photosynthesis-related variables (Ci: internal CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber; E: transpiration rate; gs: stomatal conductance; A: photosynthetic rate) and phytointoxication assessed in the cotton cv. TMG 42 WS cultivated in succession to the soybean cv. M7739 IPRO submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016

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Table 4
Summary of analysis of variance of variables related to development (IS: initial stand; FS: final stand; PH: plant height; PBH: first productive branch height), production components (NB: number of bolls per plant; AWB: average weight of bolls; FY: fiber yield), and cotton productivity (P) assessed in the cotton crop in succession to soybean submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016

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Table 5
Summary of analysis of variance of fiber quality characteristics (TR: thrash content; A: area of impurity; UHM: upper-half mean length; UI: uniformity index; SFC: short fiber content; STR: fiber strength; ELONG: elongation; MIC: micronaire index; RD: reflectance unit; +B: degree of yellowing; SCI: spinning consistency index; MAT: maturity) assessed in cotton cv. TMG 42 WS cultivated in succession to soybean submitted to sulfentrazone application in pre-emergence. Sorriso, MT, 2016

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Table 6
Models fitted to estimate the sulfentrazone dose (g ha-1) required to result in a phytointoxication of 5 and 10% (D5 and D10) in cotton cultivated in succession to soybean submitted to sulfentrazone application in pre-emergence. Regression parameters were estimated using Eq. 2. Sorriso-MT, 2016

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Table 7
Sulfentrazone dose (g ha-1) required to reduce by 5 and 10% (D5 and D10) the variables related to development, production components, and productivity of cotton in succession to soybean submitted to sulfentrazone application in pre-emergence. Regression parameters were estimated using Eq. (1). Sorriso, MT, 2016

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(eq. 1)

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(eq. 2)

Figure 1 Maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures (oC) and precipitation (mm day-1) registered during the experimental period in the soybean-cotton succession. Sorriso, MT, 2016.

Figure 2 Phytointoxication of cotton plants in succession to soybean submitted to sulfentrazone application in pre-emergence at three assessments periods (14, 20, and 27 DAS). Sorriso, MT, 2016.

Figure 3 Variables related to development (A: first productive branch height; B: plant height at 132 DAS) assessed in cotton in succession to soybean submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016.

Figure 4 Production and productivity components (A: average weight of bolls; B: number of bolls per plant; C: cotton productivity) assessed in cotton in succession to soybean submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016.

Table 1 Summary of analysis of variance of photosynthesis-related variables (Ci: internal CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber; E: transpiration rate; gs: stomatal conductance; A: photosynthetic rate) and phytointoxication assessed in the soybean crop submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016

Variable	19 DAA			27 DAA			34 DAA
Variable	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F
C_i (µmol mol^-1)	258.14	5.73	0.11^ns	219.2	9.37	0.91^ns	261.22	4.66	0.08^ns
E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	5.65	9.06	0.07^ns	4.87	15.38	0.31^ns	6.24	7.31	0.28^ns
g_s (mol m^-2s^-1)	0.67	32.32	0.15^ns	0.21	26.81	0.27^ns	0.76	31.68	0.16^ns
A (µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	19.27	11.97	0.16^ns	13.99	21.32	0.70^ns	18.54	11.21	0.27^ns
Phytointoxication (%)	0.0	-	-	0.0	-	-	0.0	-	-

DAA: days after application; ns: not significant; CV (%): coefficient of variation.

Table 2 Summary of analysis of variance of variables related to development (IS: initial stand; FS: final stand; PH: plant height; IH: first pod insertion height), production components (NP: number of pods per plant; NGP: number of grains per pod; W100: 100-grain weight), and productivity (P) assessed in the soybean crop submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016

Variables related to development	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F
IS (plants m^-1) - 7 DAA	10.40	9.63	0.44^ns
FS (plants m^-1) - 104 DAA	10.81	9.72	0.20^ns
PH (cm) - 104 DAA	66.21	18.59	0.30^ns
IH (cm) - 104 DAA	13.11	7.35	0.09^ns
Variables related to production components and productivity	-	-	-
NP (pod plant^-1)	47.24	9.61	0.89^ns
NGP (grain pod^-1)	2.40	7.15	0.87^ns
W100 (g)	17.35	5.01	0.84^ns
P (kg ha^-1)	3,370.08	13.57	0.68^ns

DAA: days after application; ns: not significant; CV (%): coefficient of variation.

Table 3 Summary of analysis of variance of photosynthesis-related variables (Ci: internal CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber; E: transpiration rate; gs: stomatal conductance; A: photosynthetic rate) and phytointoxication assessed in the cotton cv. TMG 42 WS cultivated in succession to the soybean cv. M7739 IPRO submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016

Variable	14 DAA			20 DAA			27 DAA
Variable	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F
C_i (µmol mol^-1)	221.2	9.28	0.76^ns	259.7	2.89	0.81^ns	267.6	8.68	0.48^ns
E (mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)	5.07	14.77	0.21^ns	5.99	8.76	0.87^ns	4.79	12.73	0.10^ns
g_s (mol m^-2s^-1)	0.24	23.47	0.25^ns	0.54	22.74	0.86^ns	0.56	37.05	0.12^ns
A (µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	14.29	20.87	0.56^ns	17.12	13.95	0.88^ns	16.73	31.91	0.41^ns
Phytointoxication (%)	8.37	45.46	0.01*	9.51	84.40	0.01*	11.17	43.54	0.01*

DAA: days after application; *: significant (p<0.05); ns: not significant; CV (%): coefficient of variation.

Table 4 Summary of analysis of variance of variables related to development (IS: initial stand; FS: final stand; PH: plant height; PBH: first productive branch height), production components (NB: number of bolls per plant; AWB: average weight of bolls; FY: fiber yield), and cotton productivity (P) assessed in the cotton crop in succession to soybean submitted to the pre-emergence application of increasing sulfentrazone doses. Sorriso, MT, 2016

Variables related to development	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F
IS (plants m^-1) - 7 DAS	7.55	7.48	0.08^ns
FS (plants m^-1) - 132 DAS	7.85	11.70	0.20^ns
PH (cm) - 132 DAS	46.71	12.61	0.01**
PBH (cm) - 132 DAS	21.40	9.28	0.01**
Variables related to production components and productivity	-	-	-
NB	4.04	22.49	0.01**
AWB (g)	2.90	8.19	0.01**
FY (%)	42.44	1.78	0.64^ns
P (kg ha^-1)	701.80	29.64	0.01**

DAA: days after application; *: significant (p<0.05); **: significant (p<0.01); ns: not significant; CV (%): coefficient of variation.

Table 5 Summary of analysis of variance of fiber quality characteristics (TR: thrash content; A: area of impurity; UHM: upper-half mean length; UI: uniformity index; SFC: short fiber content; STR: fiber strength; ELONG: elongation; MIC: micronaire index; RD: reflectance unit; +B: degree of yellowing; SCI: spinning consistency index; MAT: maturity) assessed in cotton cv. TMG 42 WS cultivated in succession to soybean submitted to sulfentrazone application in pre-emergence. Sorriso, MT, 2016

Fiber quality characteristics	Mean	CV (%)	Pr > F
A (%)	0.43	6.17	0.34^ns
UHM (in)	1.13	2.09	0.06^ns
UI (%)	82.20	1.28	0.21^ns
SFC (%)	9.37	5.38	0.11^ns
STR (gf tex^-1)	28.88	5.29	0.49^ns
ELONG (%)	6.29	6.39	0.31^ns
MIC (µg in^-1)	3.95	4.17	0.15^ns
RD (%)	83.29	1.08	0.14^ns
+B	8.01	3.89	7.95^ns
SCI (lbf)	134.70	6.23	0.33^ns
MAT (%)	85.20	0.52	0.44^ns

ns: not significant; CV (%): coefficient of variation.

Table 6 Models fitted to estimate the sulfentrazone dose (g ha-1) required to result in a phytointoxication of 5 and 10% (D5 and D10) in cotton cultivated in succession to soybean submitted to sulfentrazone application in pre-emergence. Regression parameters were estimated using Eq. 2. Sorriso-MT, 2016

Phytointoxication	Regression parameters			R²	D₅	D₁₀
Phytointoxication	a	B	x0
14 DAS	55.1236	133.1	865.3	0.999	558.5	664.8
20 DAS	71.5380	170.7	966.8	0.999	525.0	656.5
27 DAS	66.9835	171.4	831.5	0.998	365.5	506.0

DAS: days after sown; R2: coefficient of determination.

Table 7 Sulfentrazone dose (g ha-1) required to reduce by 5 and 10% (D5 and D10) the variables related to development, production components, and productivity of cotton in succession to soybean submitted to sulfentrazone application in pre-emergence. Regression parameters were estimated using Eq. (1). Sorriso, MT, 2016

Variable	Regression parameters		R²	D₅	D₁₀
Variable	a	b	R²	D₅	D₁₀
PH	48.5138	-0.0082	0.967	397.0	687.5
PBH	22.5152	-0.004	0.958	242.3	525.8
AWB	3.1041	-0.0006	0.856	373.8	626.4
NB	4.8418	-0.0017	0.939	255.2	391.6
P	836.187	-0.4063	0.896	217.5	314.4

PH: plant height at 132 DAS (cm); PBH: first productive branch height at 132 DAS (cm); AWB: average weight of bolls (g); NB: number of bolls per plant (boll per plant); P: cotton productivity (kg ha-1).

(eq. 1)

f = a + b x

(eq. 2)

f = \frac{a}{(1 + e x p (- \frac{x - x 0}{b}))}

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Residual Activity of Sulfentrazone Applied to Soybean on Cotton Crop in Succession

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[1] * Corresponding author: <willianmatte@hotmail.com>