Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Ecological Studies on Two Varieties of <i>Iris unguicularis</i> subsp. <i>carica</i> (Iridaceae) in Turkey

KANDEMIR, N.; KHAN, G.; ÇELIK, A.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582019370100078

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Article • Planta daninha 37 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582019370100078 copy

Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Ecological Studies on Two Varieties of Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Iridaceae) in Turkey

Estudo Comparativo Morfológico, Anatômico e Ecológico de Duas Variedades de Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Iridaceae) da Turquia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Iris is the largest genus of family Iridaceae having 50 species with 24 endemic to Turkey. Here in this study we compared morphological, anatomical and ecological characters of two varieties of Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Iris unguicularis subsp. carica var. carica and Iris unguicularis subsp. carica var. syriaca) from Turkey. We reported some distinctive morphological characteristics between both of the varieties like plant size, root length and width, leaf length and width, perianth tube, falls, standard fruit and bract length, falls and standards width and structure, flower colour which are of important taxonomic values. We further investigated that both the varieties are found in different localities and the differences in morphological properties are specific to ecological conditions. Soil analysis of both varieties reveal that CO3, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn values are more effective than the other soil factors in the distributions of these varieties.

Keywords:
comparison; morphology; anatomy; ecology

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[1] * Corresponding author: <toygar09@hotmail.com>

Morphological character	var. carica	var. syriaca
Plant size	12-40	20-55
Root length	18-30	14-25
Root width	1-1.5 mm	1-1.8 mm
Leaf length	10-60	10-50
Leaf width	1-2 mm	2-5 mm
Bract length	7-25	12-20
Perianth tube	8-25	13-20
Falls length	5.5-7.4	5.5-7.9
Falls width	1-1.7	1-1.9
Standart length	6-7.5	6.5-8.2
Standart width	1.4-1.7	1.2-2.1
Structure of falls	oblanceolate	Oblanceolate to lanceolate-rhombic
Structure of standarts	oblanceolate	Oblanceolate- lanceolate-rhombic
Fruit length	3-4	2.5-4
Flowers colour	light lavender blue	dark lavender blue
Altitude	1-1500 m	600-1000 m
Flowering time	January-June	February-April

Species name	Number of epidermis cells	Number of stoma cells	Stomata length (µm)	Stomata width (µm)	Stomata index (%)
Iris unguicularis ssp. carica	112	139	40-45	32-40	55.37
Iris unguicularis ssp. syriaca	124	132	48-50	38-45	51.56

Anatomical character	var. carica	var. syriaca
Root
Width of epidermis cells	35-45	25-30
Layer number of cortex	10-14	12-16
Cortex cells diameter	50-80	50-100
Margin structure of cortex parenchyma cells	undulated	straight
Endoderma length	35-40	25-30
Layer number of pericycle	1-3	1-2
Xylem strand number	12-15	12-14
Pith cell diameter	20-25	25-30
Idioblasts	absent	present
Scape
Epidermis cell diameter	20-30	18-25
Layer number of lacunal collenchyma	1-3	3-5
Leaf
Diameter of upper epidermis cells	15-25	20-28
Side wall structure of both epidermis cells	straight	undulated
Cuticle thickness	9-12	10-18
Length of palisade parenchyma cells	25-30	35-42
Width of palisade parenchyma cells	18-25	28-32
Length of stomata	30-35	38-40
Diameter of lower epidermis cells	15-20	20-25
Bulliform cells	absent	present

Locality code	Texture	EC (µs cm^-1)	Saturation (%)	CaCO₃ (%)	pH	Organic matter (%)	N (%)	P₂O₅ (kg da^-1)	K₂O (kg da^-1)	Ca (ppm)	Mg (ppm)	Cu (ppm)	Fe (ppm)	Mn (ppm)	Zn (ppm)	Na (ppm)
A1	loamy	616	91.3	0.078	6.93	4.62	2.80	1.46	45.126	3226	254.5	0.637	25.53	4.203	0.751	19.519
A2	Loamy-sandy	590	90.5	0.074	6.83	4.65	2.82	1.36	45.211	3228	254.2	0.638	25.51	4.208	0.748	19.510
A3	Loamy-sandy	536	88.5	0.075	6.65	4.54	2.76	1.38	45.379	3225	254.1	0.629	25.48	4.201	0.753	19.521
A4	Loamy-sandy	540	89.3	0.071	6.98	4.56	2.79	1.43	45.347	3220	254.9	0.640	25.54	4.210	0.750	19.499
Mean±Sd		570.5± 33.8	89.9±1.07	0.07±0.002	6.84±0.12	4.59±0.04	2.79±0.02	1.4±0.04	45.2±0.10	3224±2.94	254±0.31	0.63±0.004	25.5±0.02	4.23±0.04	0.75±0.002	19.5±0.008
B1	sandy	390	57.2	59.12	7.69	2.51	2.70	1.15	35.99	7902	370.9	0.601	1.781	0.708	0.317	21.212
B2	sandy	320	55.9	52.60	6.99	3.45	1.30	1.50	32.56	6790	346.2	0.480	2.078	0.935	0.738	19.87
Mean±Sd		355±35	56.5±0.65	55.8±3.26	7.34±0.35	2.98±0.47	2.0±0.70	1.32±0.17	34.27±1.71	7346±556	358.5±12.35	0.54±0.06	1.93±0.15	0.85±0.07	0.52±0.21	20.54±0.67