| Jesse and Martin [3030 Jesse SA, Martin RE. Child abuse and neglect: Assessment of dental students' attitudes and knowledge. ASDC J Dent Child 1998; 65(1):21-24.] |
Not reported. |
Not reported. |
Most know that the dentist has a moral obligation to recognize and report cases of child maltreatment. |
More than 60% of the students reported that the content needed to be improved. |
Thomas et al. [3131 Thomas JE, Straffon L, Inglehart, M. Child abuse and neglect: Dental and dental hygiene students' educational experiences and knowledge. J Dent Educ 2006; 70(5):558-565. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2006.70.5.tb04111.x
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2006...
] |
Seven point seven percent of the academics |
▪ The students had a low percentage of correct answers to questions about signs of violence.
▪ Dentistry students answered just 3.42 of the six questions correctly.
|
The percentage of dental students who knew how to report all suspected cases of child and adolescent abuse/neglect (67.8%). |
Every student reported that they had learned about child and adolescent abuse/neglect in the classroom setting. |
| Carvalho et al. [3232 Carvalho FM, Araújo LN, Azevedo ML, Colares V, Caraciolo G. O conhecimento de estudantes de graduação em odontologia em relação ao abuso infantil. Odontol Clin Cient 2006; 5(3):207-210. In Portuguese.] |
Most of the students presented partial knowledge about the subject. |
The majority of students cited physical injuries besides behavioral changes such as signs of mistreatment. |
No student was able to inform the professional's conduct correctly. |
▪ Fifty-one point four percent had received information on this topic during the undergraduate course.
▪ Ninety-six percent would like to receive more information.
|
| Josgrilberg et al. [3333 Josgrilberg EB, Carvalho FG, Guimarães MS, Pansani CA. Maus-tratos em crianças: A percepção do aluno de Odontologia. Odontol Clin Cient 2008; 7(1):35-38. In Portuguese.] |
▪ Twenty point nine percent know that the orofacial structures are the most affected region in the body by violence.
▪ Ninety-eight point four percent of them know the relevance of anamnesis and clinical examination to recognize situations of abuse.
|
When examining the patient, 66.7% are worried only about the mouth. |
Eighty-eight point seven percent would conduct the situation correctly, denouncing the Guardianship Council. |
Not reported. |
Al-Jundi et al. [3434 Al-Jundi SH, Zawaideh FI, Al-Rawi MH. Jordanian dental students' knowledge and attitudes in regard to child physical abuse. J Dent Educ 2010; 74(10):1159-1165. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2010.74.10.tb04972.x
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2010...
] |
▪ Most students know that the law in Jordan does not demand dentists to report these cases of abuse.
▪ Just 32.4% of students knew where to report child and adolescent mistreatment (Department of Family Protection)
|
All students from both universities lack knowledge of indicators of diagnosis of mistreatment. |
Ninety point one percent believed they had an ethical duty to report the trouble. |
Eighty point two percent did receive insufficient training to recognize and report childhood mistreatment. |
| Gomes et al. [3535 Gomes LS, Pinto TCA, Costa EMMB, Ferreira JMS, Cavalcanti SDLB, Granville-Garcia AF. Percepção de acadêmicos de odontologia sobre maus-tratos na infância. Odontol Clin Cient 2011; 10(1):73-78. In Portuguese.] |
▪ Eighty-five point seven percent of students said being capable of defining child and adolescent mistreatment.
▪ Almost half of the students (49.5%) reported they knew the kinds of abuse.
|
▪ Ninety-one point two percent of the students answered that it is the professional's responsibility to diagnose these situations.
▪ The majority would be able to diagnose cases of mistreatment (94.5%).
|
▪ Fifty-nine point three percent said that they would be capable of dealing with the detection of mistreatment.
▪ About the conduct, the most frequently reported action was the complaint to the tutelary board / competent organ (83.3%) and questioning parents (29.6%).
|
▪ Thirty-four point one percent, 34.1%, had received information during the undergraduate program, and 19.4% of these said that the information was sufficient.
▪ Ninety-five point six percent would like to receive more training on this topic.
|
| Serpa and Santos [3636 Serpa EBM, Santos AA. Percepção dos maus tratos infantis pelos estudantes de Odontologia da UFPB. Int J Dent 2011; 10(4):234-241. In Portuguese.] |
Eighty-six point nine percent of the students answered that they know how to define child abuse cases. The definition was considered adequate in 62.3% of the situations. |
Ninety-six point seven percent answered that it is the dentist's responsibility to diagnose and report cases of abuse. |
Forty-one percent would know how to act in the face of a suspicion of mistreatment, and nearly 60% would communicate to the Guardianship Council. |
▪ Ninety percent of the students in the 10th period reported that the information received at graduation was insufficient.
▪ Eighty-six point seven percent would like to access more training.
|
Sousa et al. [3737 Sousa GFP, De Carvalho MMP, Granville-Garcia AF, Gomes MNC, Ferreira JMS. Conhecimento de acadêmicos em odontologia sobre maus-tratos infantis. Odonto 2012; 20(40):101-108. https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-1000/odonto.v20n40p109-117 In Portuguese.
https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-1000/odont...
] |
▪ Seventy-nine point seven percent reported being able to define child maltreatment.
▪ Seventy-four point five percent defined "child maltreatment" incompletely.
▪ Forty-five point eight percent stated that they knew the types of maltreatment.
|
▪ Ninety-three point two percent believe that it is the responsibility of the dentist to recognize situations of abuse.
▪ Seventy-six point three percent would be capable of diagnosing signs of mistreatment.
▪ The majority answered correctly about the signs and symptoms of the mouth and body.
|
▪ Seventy-eight percent said that they would act in the face of detection of child and adolescent mistreatment.
▪ Eighty point four percent said there was a need to report to the competent organ.
|
▪ Eighty-nine point eight percent of the students reported receiving information about the topic during graduation.
▪ Eighty-one point four percent were interested in receiving more training.
|
Jordan et al. [3838 Jordan A, Welbury RR, Tiljak MK, Cukovic-Bagic I. Croatian dental students' educational experiences and knowledge in regard to child abuse and neglect. J Dent Educ 2012; 76(11):1512-1519. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012.76.11.tb05413.x
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2012...
] |
▪ A gap in knowledge about abuse and neglect was identified between the students.
▪ Fifty-eight point six percent of academics answered the question about where to communicate a suspected case correctly.
|
The academics were not aware of some of the signs and symptoms of abuse. |
▪ About the legal obligation to communicate cases, the correct answers ranged from 48.3% to 70.7%.
▪ More than 60% of the students were aware of the obligation to communicate suspected situations of abuse and neglect.
|
Sixty percent of all students faced situations of child abuse during the course and received information about the topic in detail. |
Wacheski et al. [3939 Wacheski A, Lopes MGK, Paola APB, Valença P, Losso EM. O conhecimento do aluno de Odontologia sobre maus tratos na infância antes e após o recebimento de uma cartilha informativa. Odonto 2012; 20(39):7-15. https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-1000/odonto.v1n1p7-15 In Portuguese.
https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-1000/odont...
] |
Seventy-four percent of academics correctly answered the definition of maltreatment. |
Seventy-one percent answered that they might know how to recognize, 4% said they would not, and 25% thought they could. |
About which institution is responsible for suspected cases of mistreatment, 56% of the academics answered the Guardianship Council. |
Not reported. |
Matos et al. [4040 Matos FZ, Borges AH, Mamede Neto I, Rezende CD, Silva KL, Pedro FLM, et al. Avaliação do conhecimento dos alunos de graduação em odontologia x cirurgião-dentista no diagnóstico de maus-tratos a crianças. Rev Odontol Bras Central 2013; 22(63):153-157. https://doi.org/10.36065/robrac.v22i63.795 In Portuguese.
https://doi.org/10.36065/robrac.v22i63.7...
] |
Forty-nine point three percent were unaware of the legal implications for professionals in situations of mistreatment. |
Seventy-six point six percent felt trained to diagnose children and adolescents suffering from maltreatment. |
▪ Ninety-three point five percent of students never suspected child maltreatment.
▪ Sixty-two point three percent reported being the Guardianship Council, the local, for denunciation.
|
Sixty-two point three percent of the academics learned about the topic under graduation in Legal Dentistry. |
Hashim and Al-Ani [4141 Hashim R, Al-Ani A. Child physical abuse: assessment of dental students' attitudes and knowledge in the United Arab Emirates. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2013; 14(5):301-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-013-0063-2
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-013-0063-...
] |
▪ Eighty-seven point five percent know that professionals are legally required to communicate child and adolescent abuse.
▪ Thirty-six point two percent of the academics know where to communicate the abuses.
|
▪ Seventy-eight point two percent know that repeated teeth injury that results in avulsion or discolored crowns may indicate repeated trauma from physical violence.
▪ Forty-six point four percent know that bruises noted around the neck are usually related to accidental trauma.
|
Not reported. |
▪ More than three-quarters of the dental students reported that they learned about child abuse in their dental school.
▪ More than 91% indicated that they did not receive enough formal training in recognizing and reporting child abuse.
|
Vergara et al. [4242 Vergara KMA, Cárdenas SD, Martínez FG. Maltrato infantil: conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de estudiantes de Odontología de Cartagena, Colombia. Rev Clin Med Fam 2014; 7(2):103-111. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1699-695X201400020000 In Spanish.
https://doi.org/10.4321/S1699-695X201400...
] |
▪ Ninety-six percent know about the obligation to communicate suspected cases.
▪ Seventy-three percent know where to report.
▪ Knowledge regarding the mistreatment was evaluated, resulting in a higher occurrence of acceptable results (60.1%) for psychological abuse and good (52.4%) for sexual abuse.
|
Identification of violent lesions associated with the dental office, obtaining the highest percentages in the presence of cheek bruises (94.2%), object burns (90, 8%), repeated lesions, and dental avulsion or fracture (89.4%). |
Ninety-eight point five percent realize a connection between oral negligence and physical negligence. |
Fifty-seven point six percent believe they don't have enough knowledge on the topic. They believe that the question deserves more training. |
Moura et al. [4343 Moura AR, Amorim A, Proenc L, Milagre V. Dentists and undergraduate dental students require more information relating to child abuse. MedicalExpress 2015; 2(2):M150203. https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.02.03
https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2...
] |
Not reported. |
▪ About the examination in cases of abuse, all students selected the "Intra and extraoral" option.
▪ Most students chose "head and neck" as the area most injured in these situations.
|
In a suspected mistreatment situation, most students would either warn the police or report the case. |
Forty-seven percent of 1st year and 60% of 5th year students reported receiving information during their undergraduate. |
Silva Junior et al. [4444 Silva Junior MF, Pagel MD, Campos DMKS, Miotto MHMB. Conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia sobre maus-tratos infantis. Arq Odontol 2015; 51(3):138-144. https://doi.org/10.7308/aodontol/2015.51.3.03 In Portuguese.
https://doi.org/10.7308/aodontol/2015.51...
] |
The majority of academics showed poor knowledge regarding the concept of child and adolescent abuse. |
The majority of academics mentioned physical injuries (bruises, wounds, marks on the body) together with behavioral changes as a sign of suspected mistreatment. |
▪ Regarding the conduct in suspected cases, the academics could not inform the correct sequence of necessary procedures.
▪ Seventy-two percent would communicate the suspicion to Guardianship Council / Police.
▪ In a situation of abuse identification, 66% would not attend to the patient.
|
▪ Seventy-four percent did not obtain information about the topic.
▪ More than 90% would like to receive information on identifying and referring suspected situations.
|
Bromdulu et al. [4545 Bodrumlu EH, Avsar A, Arslan S. Assessment of knowledge and attitudes of dental students in regard to child abuse in Turkey. Eur J Dent Educ 2016; 22(1):40-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12242
https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12242...
] |
▪ They reported deficiencies in the knowledge of signs and symptoms of child and adolescent abuse.
▪ Fifth-year academics demonstrated more knowledge about childhood mistreatment than third and fourth-year students.
▪ Thirty-seven point four percent of third-year academics, 43.5% of fourth-year, and 50% of fifth-year knew where to report abuse.
|
Not reported. |
Most students were aware of their ethical responsibility for protecting the kids from abuse. |
Two point two percent of thirdyear, 13.3% of fourth-year, and 21.4% of fifth-year academics answered that they had formal training on the subject. |
Abreu et al. [4646 Abreu PTR, Souza CIF, Galvão A, Souza ACP, Zocratto KBF, Oliveira CAS, et al. Abuso físico infantil: vivências e atitudes de estudantes de Odontologia. Rev ABENO 2017; 17(2):107-119. https://doi.org/10.30979/rev.abeno.v17i2.384 In Portuguese.
https://doi.org/10.30979/rev.abeno.v17i2...
] |
▪ Seventy-four point four percent of students knew the agency or institution they could turn to communicate suspected situations of child abuse, and 28.2% would use more than one agency or institution to report this problem.
▪ Eighty-six percent of the participants identified fear as the main barrier to notification, followed by insufficient knowledge (81.9%) and lack of confidentiality (62.3%).
|
▪ Three point one percent identified cases that involved orofacial trauma.
▪ 9th-period academics consider themselves more apt to diagnose than 7th-period students (p=0.008).
▪ The 6th-period academics were more willing to be involved in detecting child abuse than the 8th-period group period (p=0.013).
|
▪ Fourteen point four percent of academics said they had witnessed suspected situations of child abuse among their patients.
▪ Notification was made only by 5 (2.6%) students.
|
▪ Eighty-nine point seven percent express interest in receiving training on identification mechanisms and notification of child abuse cases.
▪ Ninety-six point six percent believe these should be part of professional training courses.
|
Busato et al. [4747 Busato AC, Pereira TCR, Guaré RO. Maus-tratos infantis na perspectiva de acadêmicos de Odontologia. Rev ABENO 2018; 18(1):84-92. https://doi.org/10.30979/rev.abeno.v18i1.394 In Portuguese.
https://doi.org/10.30979/rev.abeno.v18i1...
] |
▪ 3.3% of students correctly defined "Child Physical Abuse," 30.6% defined it incorrectly, 63.9% defined it incompletely, and 8% did not answer the question.
▪ Thirty-five point three percent claimed to know what the Child and Adolescent Statute was, 63.6% were not aware of it, and 1.1% did not answer this question.
|
Eighty-six point eight percent feel able to identify child abuse, 11.8% do not feel able, and 1.4% did not respond. |
Fifteen point seven percent of students from Lages and 27.6% from Vitória stated that they had witnessed such situations. |
As for receiving more information on this subject, 95.1% answered yes, and only 4.9% answered no. |
Al-Dabaan and Allam [4848 Al-Dabaan R, Allam R. Training experience and attitudes towards safeguarding children. EDJ 2018; 64(1):77-81. https://doi.org/10.21608/EDJ.2018.76371
https://doi.org/10.21608/EDJ.2018.76371...
] |
▪ Seven point one percent have had previous training in child protection: 5.5% male students versus 9.0% females.
▪ Four point nine percent had training in the undergraduate, just 2.1% had attended a workshop, while only 2.8% had online training.
|
Not reported. |
Not reported. |
Eight point four percent of dental students agreed that more training is required in this field. |
| Aziz et al. [4949 Aziz ASS, Rabun MN, Khan ANF. Understanding the language of silence: awareness on reporting child maltreatment cases among UiTM Sungai Buloh Dental Students. CPLT 2020; 8(2):50-68.] |
Dentistry journals hold the lowest outcome on how the academics know about the information relating to child and adolescent mistreatment (4.3 percent). |
Seventy point seven percent were capable of diagnosing physical abuse between the child mistreatment. |
▪ Majority decided that they prefer to communicate the mistreatment to the police rather than the family, hospital, or social services.
▪ The hospital is the last place that the academics want to communicate abuse cases.
|
▪ More than 90% still needed formal training to handle this issue.
▪ Nearly 50% of the academics said they did not get the information from dental school, dentistry journals, and lectures.
|
Duman et al. [5050 Duman C, Al‐Batayneh OB, Ahmad S, Durward CS, Kobylińska A, Vieira AR, et al. Self‐reported knowledge, attitudes, and practice of final‐year dental students in relation to child abuse: A multi‐centre study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31(6):801-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12781
https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12781...
] |
▪ Students' knowledge concerning childhood abuse has been verified as good (46.8%) / moderate (42.8%) / poor (10.3%).
▪ The knowledge was significantly higher in Australia, the United States, and Jordan than in other countries.
▪ Internet (60.3%) was commonly used as an information source.
|
The majority of the students said that professionals should be legally responsible for communicating the abuses, and 95% agreed that health professionals should be trained in the management of child and adolescent mistreatment. |
Most students agreed that the dentists who failed to communicate a suspected situation may have inadvertently enabled the patient to be continuously injured. |
▪ A total of 56% of the participants received formal training on childhood abuse.
▪ Eighty-six percent indicated a desire for more training in recognizing and reporting abuses.
|
Al-Ani et al. [5151 Al-Ani A, Hashim R, Schifner U, Splieth CH. Child physical abuse: knowledge of dental students in Hamburg, Germany. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22(6):1057-1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-021-00651-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-021-00651...
] |
Some academics answered positively when asked whether a professional was legally required to communicate situations of mistreatment in Germany (72.4%). |
Most of the academics were unable to recognize the signs and symptoms of physical abuse clearly. |
Most agreed that professionals had an ethical obligation to communicate childhood mistreatment. |
Nearly 95% of academics indicated that they have insufficient training regarding childhood mistreatment. |
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