Seed treatment, soil compaction and nitrogen management affect upland rice

Pinheiro, Veneraldo; Nascente, Adriano Stephan; Stone, Luis Fernando; Lacerda, Mabio Chrisley

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4638428

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 46 (1) • Jan-Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4638428 copy

Seed treatment, soil compaction and nitrogen management affect upland rice

Tratamento de sementes, compactação do solo e manejo de nitrogênio afetam o arroz de terras altas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Water availability for cultivation of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is decreasing worldwide. Therefore, new technologies are needed to grow rice under aerobic conditions, in order to produce rice grains without yield losses and with lower water consumption. This study aimed at determining the best combination of management options for producing upland rice. A randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme, was used. The treatments consisted of a combination of five rice cultivars (BRS Caçula, BRS Serra Dourada, BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja and BRS Esmeralda) with two compaction pressures in the seed furrow (25 kPa or 126 kPa), two types of seed treatment (with or without pesticide) and two types of N management (all at sowing or all at topdressing). Applying N at sowing instead of at topdressing produced higher grain yield in the no-tillage system (NTS). Under this system, upland rice genotypes show higher grain yield with higher compaction pressure. Seed treatment with pesticide provided greater grain yield for the BRS Sertaneja, in NTS, and for all genotypes in the conventional tillage system (CTS). BRS Esmeralda, in NTS, and BRS Esmeralda and BRS Primavera, in CTS, were the most productive genotypes. Moreover, in NTS, the application of N at sowing and the compaction pressure on the seed furrow are important for increasing upland rice grain yield. In CTS, seed treatment is important to improve upland rice grain yield.

KEY-WORDS:
Termite; pesticide; fipronil; aerobic rice

Treatment	NT	PH	PAN	SF	MGRAIN	YIELD
N management	nº m^-2	cm	nº m^-2	%	g	kg ha^-1
20 days after sowing	199 a¹ 1 Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). The average cultivar growth duration was 109 days.	105 b	197 a	88 a	27.45 a	3,446 b
1 day after sowing	202 a	108 a	201 a	89 a	27.37 a	3,678 a
Compaction pressure
25 kPa	196 b	105 b	195 b	88 a	27.49 a	3,362 b
126 kPa	205 a	108 a	204 a	89 a	27.33 a	3,763 a
Seed treatment
Without pesticide	191 b	106 a	190 b	88 a	27.45 a	3,419 b
With pesticide	210 a	107 a	209 a	89 a	27.37 a	3,705 a
Cultivars
BRS Caçula	241 a	106 c	240 a	88 b	27.22 b	2,508 c
BRS Serra Dourada	232 a	100 d	230 b	91 a	23.10 c	3,774 b
BRS Sertaneja	146 c	111 a	144 c	86 c	30.95 a	2,895 c
BRS Esmeralda	197 b	107 bc	196 b	88 b	27.37 b	4,533 a
BRS Primavera	188 b	109 ab	187 b	88 b	28.41 b	4,102 b
Factors	F p-value
Cultivars (C)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Compaction pressure (CP)	0.0213	< 0.001	0.0238	0.1396	0.6580	< 0.001
Seed treatment (ST)	0.0149	0.0967	0.0151	0.1954	0.8388	0.0022
N management (N)	0.7098	< 0.001	0.6798	0.0856	0.8203	0.0120
C x CP	0.5651	0.0687	0.5567	0.5700	0.5523	0.2690
C x ST	0.7443	0.0501	0.7401	0.1298	0.8155	0.0169
C x N	0.7501	0.0539	0.7744	0.1617	0.3808	0.5492
CP x ST	0.0506	0.0941	0.0510	0.0506	0.1790	0.3005
CP x N	0.4423	0.7335	0.4554	0.0971	0.4155	0.6932
TS x N	0.4068	0.1500	0.4036	0.3866	0.6686	0.0266
C x CP x ST	0.1591	0.0999	0.1606	0.2384	0.9476	0.2645
C x CP x N	0.9018	0.0512	0.8978	0.9314	0.3248	0.8676
CP x ST x N	0.4900	0.8674	0.5252	0.3538	0.0558	0.1468
C x CP x ST x N	0.7876	0.5333	0.7967	0.9596	0.7118	0.3671

Cultivars	Seed treatment with pesticide
	without	with
	^{___________________} kg ha^{-1 ___________________}
BRS Caçula	2,467 c A¹ 1 Means followed by the same capital letter in the line and lower case in the column do not differ according to the Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05).	2,548 d A
BRS Serra Dourada	3,701 b A	3,848 bc A
BRS Sertaneja	2,430 c B	3,359 c A
BRS Esmeralda	4,443 a A	4,624 a A
BRS Primavera	4,056 ab A	4,147 ab A
	N management
	N at topdressing	N at sowing
Without pesticide	3,201 b B	3,637 a A
With pesticide	3,691 a A	3,719 a A

Treatment	NT	PH	PAN	SF	MGRAIN	YIELD
N management	nº m^-2	cm	nº m^-2	%	g	kg ha^-1
20 days after sowing	240 a¹ 1 Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). The average cultivar growth duration was 109 days.	114 a	239 a	88 a	27.84 a	4,720 a
1 day after sowing	225 b	114 a	224 b	88 a	28.09 a	4,585 a
Compaction pressure
25 kPa	233 a	114 a	232 a	88 a	27.87 a	4,586 a
126 kPa	232 a	115 a	231 a	88 a	28.07 a	4,718 a
Seed treatment
Without pesticide	239 a	114 a	238 a	88 a	27.79 b	4,569 b
With pesticide	226 a	114 a	225 a	88 a	28.14 a	4,735 a
Cultivars
BRS Caçula	275 a	110 c	274 a	90 a	28.10 b	3,421 c
BRS Serra Dourada	287 a	110 c	285 a	89 ab	27.73 b	4,677 b
BRS Sertaneja	161 c	119 a	160 c	85 c	29.41 a	4,444 b
BRS Esmeralda	228 b	113 b	227 b	88 b	26.27 c	5,410 a
BRS Primavera	212 b	119 a	211 b	88 b	28.33 b	5,310 a
Factors	F Probability
Cultivars (C)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Compaction pressure (CP)	0.8989	0.0860	0.9564	0.3209	0.2417	0.1084
Seed treatment (ST)	0.0745	0.6896	0.0759	0.3593	0.0426	0.0542
N management (N)	0.0454	0.8717	0.0452	0.8183	0.1527	0.1005
C x CP	0.2749	0.3590	0.2876	0.8645	0.9448	0.2884
C x ST	0.8543	0.0947	0.8522	0.0773	0.8552	0.0556
C x N	0.4209	0.0843	0.4064	0.6852	0.6415	0.3640
CP x ST	0.4331	0.2136	0.4396	0.2525	0.6155	0.1873
CP x N	0.6320	0.3214	0.5711	0.3593	0.2853	0.7859
TS x N	0.6484	0.4300	0.6640	0.7018	0.3804	0.6989
C x CP x ST	0.4422	0.1762	0.4547	0.4941	0.1449	0.5687
C x CP x N	0.2786	0.8394	0.2827	0.7921	0.9694	0.4283
CP x ST x N	0.5995	0.1270	0.5907	0.7594	0.1918	0.2294
C x CP x ST x N	0.9536	0.1561	0.9567	0.4600	0.9579	0.1396

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[TFN01] ¹
Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ according to the Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). The average cultivar growth duration was 109 days.