Selectivity and efficiency of herbicides in weed control on sweet sorghum

Galon, Leandro; Fernandes, Franciele Fátima; Andres, André; Silva, Alexandre Ferreira da; Forte, César Tiago

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4639431

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 46 (2) • Apr-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4639431 copy

Selectivity and efficiency of herbicides in weed control on sweet sorghum

Seletividade e eficiência de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas infestantes do sorgo sacarino

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The lack of registered herbicides for weed control in sweet sorghum has been a limiting production factor. This study aimed at evaluating the selectivity of herbicides in sweet sorghum and weed control efficiency. A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used. Treatments consisted of sweet sorghum cultivars (BRS 506, BRS 509 and BRS 511) and herbicides applied alone at pre-emergence (atrazine - 1,500 g ha^-1; atrazine + s-metolachlor - 1,665 g ha^-1 + 1,035 g ha^-1; flumioxazin - 50 g ha^-1; s-metolachlor - 1,440 g ha^-1) and post-emergence (tembotrione - 100.8 g ha^-1) and sequentially at pre- and post-emergence (atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione - 1,665 g ha^-1 + 1,035 g ha^-1 + 100.8 g ha^-1; atrazine + tembotrione - 1,500 g ha^-1 + 100.8 g ha^-1; flumioxazin + tembotrione - 50 g ha^-1 + 100.8 g ha^-1), plus two controls, one weeded and one unweeded. The phytotoxicity rate to sorghum was 98.0 %, 98.0 % and 100 % for tembotrione; 100 %, 98.7% and 100 % for flumioxazin + tembotrione; 100 %, 100 % and 100 % for s-metolachlor + atrazine + tembotrione; and 98.7 %, 98.7 % and 99.7 % for atrazine + tembotrione, respectively to the BRS 509, BRS 506 and BRS 511 cultivars. Tembotrione, flumioxazin + tembotrione, atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione and atrazine + tembotrione showed a good control rate of Ipomoea indivisa, Digitaria ciliaris and Urochloa plantaginea, but did not present selectivity to the sorghum cultivars. Atrazine, in general, showed higher selectivity to the yield components of the BRS 509 and BRS 506 cultivars.

KEY-WORDS:
Sorghum bicolor; Ipomoea indivisa; Digitaria ciliaris; Urochloa plantaginea

Application time	Luminosity	Temperature	Relative humidity	Soil conditions	Wind speed
Application time	%	ºC	%	Soil conditions	km h^-1
Pre-emergence	90	29.2	51	Moist	2-4
Post-emergence	100	28.0	67	Moist	4-8

Treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Application time	Cultivar
			BRS 509	BRS 506	BRS 511
			Phytotoxicity (%)
Atrazine	1,500	Pre¹ 1 Single application;	8.0 cdA³ 3 averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	9.0 dA	5.0 dB
Atrazine + s-metolachlor	1,665 + 1,035	Pre	10.0 bcC	77.5 bA	50.0 cB
Flumioxazin	50	Pre	5.5 dA	0.0 eB	0.0 eB
S-metolachlor	1,440	Pre	12.3 bC	60.0 cB	87.7 bA
Tembotrione	100.8	Post	98.0 aA	98.0 aA	100.0 aA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione	1,665 + 1,035 + 100.8	Pre + post² 2 sequential application;	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Atrazine + tembotrione	1,500 + 100.8	Pre + post	98.7 aA	98.7 aA	99.7 aA
Flumioxazin + tembotrione	50+100.8	Pre + post	100.0 aA	98.7 aA	100.0 aA
Weeded control	-	-	0.0 eA	0.0 eA	0.0 eA
General average	-	-	56.15
CV (%)	-	-	2.54

Treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Application time	Cultivar
			BRS 509	BRS 506	BRS 511
			Control of Ipomoea indivisa (%)
Atrazine	1,500	Pre¹ 1 Single application;	100.0 aA³ 3 averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	99.7 aA	100.0 aA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor	1,665 + 1,035	Pre	0.0 bA	0.0 bA	0.0 bA
Flumioxazin	50	Pre	0.0 bA	0.0 bA	0.0 bA
S-metolachlor	1,440	Pre	0.0 bA	0.0 bA	0.0 bA
Tembotrione	100.8	Post	99.7 aA	99.7 aA	99.7 aA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione	1,665 + 1,035 + 100.8	Pre + post² 2 sequential application;	99.7 aA	99.7 aA	99.7 aA
Atrazine + tembotrione	1,500 + 100.8	Pre + post	99.7 aA	99.7 aA	99.7 aA
Flumioxazin + tembotrione	50 + 100.8	Pre + post	99.7 aA	99.7 aA	99.7 aA
Unweeded control	-	-	0.0 bA	0.0 bA	0.0 bA
Weeded control	-	-	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
General average	-	-	56.64
CV (%)	-	-	0.26
Treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Application time	Control of Digitaria ciliaris (%)
Atrazine	1,500	Pre¹ 1 Single application;	70.0 cA³ 3 averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	35.0 cB	27.5 cC
Atrazine + s-metolachlor	1,665 + 1,035	Pre	90.0 bA	78.3 bB	85.0 bA
Flumioxazin	50	Pre	0.0 eA	0.0 dA	0.0 dA
S-metolachlor	1,440	Pre	87.5 bA	84.3 bA	85.0 bA
Tembotrione	100.8	Post	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione	1,665 + 1,035 + 100.8	Pre + post² 2 sequential application;	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Atrazine + tembotrione	1,500 + 100.8	Pre + post	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Flumioxazin + tembotrione	50 + 100.8	Pre + post	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Unweeded control	-	-	0.0 eA	0.0 dA	0.0 dA
Weeded control	-	-	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
General average	-	-	71.42
CV (%)	-	-	4.35
Treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Application time	Control of Urochloa plantaginea (%)
Atrazine	1,500	Pre¹ 1 Single application;	70.0 bA³ 3 averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	37.5 cB	27.5 dC
Atrazine + s-metolachlor	1,665 + 1,035	Pre	70.0 bA	53.3 bB	48.3 bB
Flumioxazin	50	Pre	0.0 dA	0.0 dA	0.0 eA
S-metolachlor	1,440	Pre	40.0 cA	33.3 cA	37.5 cA
Tembotrione	100.8	Post	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione	1,665 + 1,035 + 100.8	Pre + post² 2 sequential application;	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Atrazine + tembotrione	1,500 + 100.8	Pre + post	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Flumioxazin + tembotrione	50 + 100.8	Pre + post	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
Unweeded control	-	-	0.0 dA	0.0 dA	0.0 eA
Weeded control	-	-	100.0 aA	100.0 aA	100.0 aA
General average	-	-	63.92
CV (%)	-	-	5.64

Treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Application time	Cultivar
			BRS 509	BRS 506	BRS 511
			Plant height (m)
Atrazine	1,500	Pre¹ 1 Single application;	2.87 abAB³ 3 averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	2.96 aA	2.71 bB
Atrazine + s-metolachlor	1,665 + 1,035	Pre	2.90 abA	2.51 cB	3.01 aA
Flumioxazin	50	Pre	2.68 bcAB	2.54 cB	2.85 abA
S-metolachlor	1,440	Pre	2.98 aA	2.86 abA	2.99 aA
Tembotrione	100.8	Post	0.00 dA	0.00 dA	0.00 cA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione	1,665 + 1,035 + 100.8	Pre + post² 2 sequential application;	0.00 dA	0.00 dA	0.00 cA
Atrazine + tembotrione	1,500 + 100.8	Pre + post	0.00 dA	0.00 dA	0.00 cA
Flumioxazin + tembotrione	50 + 100.8	Pre + post	0.00 dA	0.00 dA	0.00 cA
Unweeded control	-	-	2.58 cB¹ 1 Single application;	2.63 bcB	2.89 abA
Weeded control	-	-	2.87 abB	2.92 aAB	3.05 aA
General average	-	-	1.69
CV (%)	-	-	5.06
Treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Application time	Stem diameter (cm)
Atrazine	1,500	Pre¹ 1 Single application;	1.37 aA³ 3 averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	1.51 abA	1.43 cA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor	1,665 + 1,035	Pre	1.30 aB	1.4 bB	1.80 aA
Flumioxazin	50	Pre	1.47 aA	1.35 bA	1.47 bcA
S-metolachlor	1,440	Pre	1.43 aB	1.29 bB	1.67 abA
Tembotrione	100.8	Post	0.00 cA	0.00 cA	0.00 dA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione	1,665 + 1,035 + 100.8	Pre + post² 2 sequential application;	0.00 cA	0.00 cA	0.00 dA
Atrazine + tembotrione	1,500 + 100.8	Pre + post	0.00 cA	0.00 cA	0.00 dA
Flumioxazin + tembotrione	50 + 100.8	Pre + post	0.00 cA	0.00 cA	0.00 dA
Unweeded control	-	-	1.04 bB	1.39 bA	1.46 bcA
Weeded control	-	-	1.51 aB	1.67 aAB	1.84 aA
General average	-	-	0.88
CV (%)	-	-	9.99

Treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Application time	Cultivars
			BRS 509	BRS 506	BRS 511
			Number of plants (per meter)
Atrazine	1,500	Pre¹ 1 Single application;	13.00 aA³ 3 averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	8.33 abB	10.00 abB
Atrazine + s-metolachlor	1,665 + 1,035	Pre	8.67 cA	5.00 cB	6.67 cdAB
Flumioxazin	50	Pre	11.33 abcA	9.00 aB	9.33 bcAB
S-metolachlor	1,440	Pre	8.33 cA	5.33 bcB	5.00 dB
Tembotrione	100.8	Post	0.00 dA	0.00 dA	0.00 eA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione	1,665 + 1,035 + 100.8	Pre + post² 2 sequential application;	0.00 dA	0.00 dA	0.00 eA
Atrazine + tembotrione	1,500 + 100.8	Pre + post	0.00 dA	0.00 dA	0.00 eA
Flumioxazin + tembotrione	50 + 100.8	Pre + post	0.00 dA	0.00 dA	0.00 eA
Unweeded control	-	-	12.50 abA	9.33 aB	13.00 aA
Weeded control	-	-	9.67 bcAB	9.00 aB	11.33 abA
General average	-	-	5.49
CV (%)	-	-	20.67
Treatment	Dose (g ha^-1)	Application time	Total green mass weight (kg ha^-1)
Atrazine	1,500	Pre¹ 1 Single application;	76,889 bB³ 3 averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.	40,444 cA	81,807 aA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor	1,665 + 1,035	Pre	61,444 cA	23,807 dB	65,556 bA
Flumioxazin	50	Pre	76,333 bA	37,889 cC	54,422 cB
S-metolachlor	1,440	Pre	50,956 dA	46,326 bcA	46,778 cA
Tembotrione	100.8	Post	0 eA	0 eA	0 dA
Atrazine + s-metolachlor + tembotrione	1,665 + 1,035 + 100.8	Pre + post² 2 sequential application;	0 eA	0 eA	0 dA
Atrazine + tembotrione	1,500 + 100.8	Pre + post	0 eA	0 eA	0 dA
Flumioxazin + tembotrione	50 + 100.8	Pre + post	0 eA	0 eA	0 dA
Unweeded control	-	-	48,622 dB	52,222 bB	63,933 bA
Weeded control	-	-	86,415 aA	84,778 aA	85,970 aA
General average	-	-	36,153
CV (%)	-	-	8.83

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[TFN1] ¹
Single application;

[TFN2] ²
sequential application;

[TFN3] ³
averages followed by the same lowercase letter, in the columns, and uppercase letter, in the lines, do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 %.