Effect of shading screens on the production and quality of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple

Araújo, Humberto Sampaio de; Carmo, Silvia Antoniali do; Santos, Neli Cristina Belmiro dos; Freitas, Pâmela Gomes Nakada; Purquerio, Luis Felipe Villani

doi:10.1590/1983-40632021v5169594

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Research Article • Pesq. Agropec. Trop. 51 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5169594 copy

Effect of shading screens on the production and quality of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple

Efeito de telas de sombreamento na produção e qualidade de abacaxi ‘Smooth Cayenne’

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In pineapple cultivation, it is common to cover the fruit with newspaper, in order to avoid scalding caused by sunburn. However, the scarcity of material and the large labor force required have led to the search of control alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the use of shading screens in the production and quality of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple. A randomized blocks experimental design was used, with five treatments (fruits covered with newspaper and plants covered with screens with 35, 40, 50 and 80 % of shading), four replicates and two seasons (summer and winter). In the summer, the use of screens with 50 % of shading provided average gains of 22 and 39 % of total and commercial mass of crowned fruits per plant and gains of 22 and 40 % of total and commercial yield per hectare, respectively. The gradual increase in shading intensity resulted in a decrease in the qualitative attributes of the fruits, when compared to covering the fruits with newspaper. Screens with up to 50 % of shading can replace newspaper when covering the fruits to avoid scalding.

KEYWORDS:
Ananas comosus (L.) Merril; protected cultivation; artificial shading

Treatment	^_________ Total mass^_________		^______ Commercial mass^______		^__________ Total yield^__________		^_____ Commercial yield^_____
	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter
	^{_______________________________} kg plant^{-1 ________________________________}				^{__________________________________} t ha^{-1 __________________________________}
Newspaper	1.04 b¹ 1 Distinct letters in the column indicate significant differences for α < 0.5, according to the Tukey test.	1.96 a	0.63 c	1.91 a	43.23 b	81.58 a	26.21 c	79.67 a
35 %	1.25 ab	1.91 ab	0.89 ab	1.82 ab	52.02 ab	79.34 ab	37.19 ab	75.87 ab
40 %	1.20 ab	1.93 ab	0.94 a	1.91 a	49.91 ab	80.43 ab	39.27 a	79.55 a
50 %	1.33 a	1.96 a	1.05 a	1.94 a	55.25 a	81.72 a	43.56 a	80.82 a
80 %	1.08 ab	1.71 b	0.73 bc	1.66 b	45.18 ab	71.10 b	30.61 bc	69.30 b
F	4.80^ Significant at 5 and 1 % of probability, respectively.	3.76^* * and	17.64^ Significant at 5 and 1 % of probability, respectively.	4.68^* * and	4.79^* * and	3.76^* * and	17.64^ Significant at 5 and 1 % of probability, respectively.	4.54^* * and
CV (%)	9.14	5.76	9.33	5.67	9.15	5.79	9.34	5.74

Treatment	^_______ Crowned fruit length^_______		^_________ Crownless fruit length^_________		^{_____________} Diameter^{_____________}
	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter
	^{______________________________________________________________________} m^{______________________________________________________________________}
Newspaper	0.32 c¹ 1 Distinct letters in the column indicate significant differences for α < 0.5, according to the Tukey test.	0.34 b	0.15	0.21	0.37 ab	0.40
35 %	0.36 bc	0.34 b	0.16	0.20	0.39 a	0.40
40 %	0.36 bc	0.35 ab	0.15	0.21	0.39 a	0.41
50 %	0.39 ab	0.36 ab	0.16	0.21	0.38 ab	0.41
80 %	0.43 a	0.37 a	0.15	0.19	0.37 b	0.40
F	13.77^ Not significant and significant at 5 and 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test.	5.02^* * and	1.24^ns ns ,	2.62^ns ns ,	3.56^* * and	2.31^ns ns ,
CV (%)	5.70	3.41	6.28	5.44	1.75	2.09

Treatment	^__________ TTA^__________		^______ TSS (º Brix)^______		^____ Firmness (N)^____		^____________ pH^____________		^____ TSS/TTA ratio^____
Treatment	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter	Summer	Winter
Newspaper	0.84 b¹ 1 Distinct letters in the column indicate significant differences for α < 0.5, according to the Tukey test.	0.76 b	12.38 ab	14.55 a	32.83	32.09	3.85	3.98 a	14.78 a	19.31 a
35 %	0.88 ab	0.98 a	12.92 a	13.93 a	28.91	37.85	3.77	3.75 b	14.45 a	14.49 ab
40 %	0.90 ab	0.91 a	12.57 ab	13.20 a	29.77	41.47	3.79	3.75 b	14.26 a	14.69 ab
50 %	0.91 ab	0.88 a	12.20 ab	13.95 a	31.24	37.85	3.79	3.84 ab	13.44 ab	16.10 ab
80 %	1.05 a	0.97 a	11.22 b	11.20 b	32.83	38.03	3.72	3.86 ab	10.84 b	11.54 b
F	4.04^* * and	3.28^* * and	4.03^* * and	9.79^ Not significant and significant at 5 and 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test.	0.74^ns ns ,	1.49^ns ns ,	1.97^ns ns ,	6.01^* * and	6.57^ Not significant and significant at 5 and 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test.	6.61^ Not significant and significant at 5 and 1 % of probability, respectively, by the F test.
CV (%)	8.51	11.16	5.18	6.22	11.27	14.75	1.78	2.05	9.17	14.42

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[TFN1] ¹
Distinct letters in the column indicate significant differences for α < 0.5, according to the Tukey test.

[TFN2] ^*
and

[TFN3] ^**
Significant at 5 and 1 % of probability, respectively.