Assessment of leaf anatomic and physiological characteristics and genetic divergence among <i>Coffea arabica</i> L. cultivars in the Brazilian Savanna

Santos, Cyntia Stephânia dos; Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Mauri, Janaína; Viana, Mariana Thereza Rodrigues; Rodrigues, Gustavo Costa; Veiga, Adriano Delly; Bartholo, Gabriel Ferreira; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo

doi:10.1590/1983-40632022v5273265

Cyntia Stephânia dos Santos

Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-2718

Fernanda Aparecida Castro Pereira

Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Biologia, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-2726

Janaína Mauri

Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Biologia, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-7698

Mariana Thereza Rodrigues Viana

Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1263-8082

Gustavo Costa Rodrigues

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Agricultura Digital), Campinas, SP, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-8398

Adriano Delly Veiga

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Cerrados), Brasília, DF, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-5198

Gabriel Ferreira Bartholo

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Café), Brasília, DF, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-625X

Milene Alves de Figueiredo Carvalho

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Café), Brasília, DF, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-8182

Figures (3)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Dispersion of 23 Coffea arabica L. cultivars from the Embrapa Cerrados Germplasm Bank, in relation to the first canonical variables (CV1 and CV2). AC: Acaiá Cerrado MG1174; A: Araponga MG1; MG1: Catiguá MG1; MG2: Catiguá MG2; P4: Catiguá MG3 P4; P5: Catiguá MG3 P5; P7: Catiguá MG3 P7; P9: Catiguá MG3 P9; P23: Catiguá MG3 P23; P51: Catiguá MG3 P51; NM: Catiguá MG3 NM; C62: Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62; C15: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15; C81: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81; C99: Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99; C: Caturra Vermelho MG0187; G: Guatenano Colis MG0207; MN: Mundo Novo IAC 379-19; P: Paraíso MG1; PB: Pau Brasil MG1; S: Sacramento MG1; SR: San Ramon MG0198; T: Topázio MG1190.

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Figure 2
CV1 (A) and CV2 (B) scores for 23 Coffea arabica L. cultivars from the Embrapa Cerrados Germplasm Bank, regarding anatomic and physiological characteristics.

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Figure 3
Dendrogram of 23 Coffea arabica cultivars by the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) obtained from the generalized Mahalanobis distance.

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Table 1
Estimated coefficient of genetic (CVg) and environmental (CVe) variation, and ratio between these coefficients (CVg/CVe) and broad-sense heritability (h²) for leaf anatomic and physiological characteristics in Coffea arabica L. genotypes from the Embrapa Cerrados Germplasm Bank.

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Table 2
Mean values for leaf anatomical characteristics¹ 1 CUT: adaxial cuticle thickness; ABE: abaxial epidermis thickness; ADE: adaxial epidermis thickness; PP: palisade parenchyma thickness; SP: spongy parenchyma thickness; PT: phloem thickness between procambium and sclerenchyma; XVD: xylem diameter; NXV: number of xylem vases; SPDED: ratio between stomatal polar and equatorial diameters; SD: stomatal density. (µm) evaluated in Coffea arabica L. cultivars belonging to the Embrapa Cerrados Active Germplasm Bank.

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Table 3
Mean values of the evaluated physiological characteristics¹ 1 A: net photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2 m-2 s-1); gs: stomatal conductance (mmol H2O m-2 s-1); E: transpiration rate (mmol m-2 s-1); CiCa: intracellular CO2 concentration on the mesophyll under external concentration (μmol CO2); WUE: water-use efficiency (A/E); CUE: carboxylation efficiency; Cla: Falker chlorophyll a index; Clb: Falker chlorophyll b index; ClT: Falker total chlorophyll index. in Coffea arabica L. cultivars belonging to the Embrapa Cerrados Active Germplasm Bank.

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Table 4
Correlation between the evaluated characteristics and the first two canonical variables (CV1 and CV2), determined in Coffea arabica L. cultivars from the Embrapa Cerrados Germplasm Bank.

Anatomic characteristics⁽¹⁾	CVg	CVe	CVg/CVe	h²
CUT	6.21	5.22	1.19	89.46
ABE	8.58	5.62	1.53	93.34
ADE	10.38	6.43	1.61	93.98
PP	4.55	7.69	0.59	67.74
SP	12.11	9.47	1.28	90.76
PT	8.93	6.35	1.41	92.22
XVD	8.47	4.91	1.72	94.69
NXV	13.11	9.88	1.33	91.36
SPDED	5.92	2.70	2.19	96.65
SD	9.43	7.58	1.24	90.26
Physiological characteristics⁽²⁾
A	27.34	9.42	2.90	98.06
gs	57.58	14.25	4.04	98.99
E	20.86	14.71	1.42	92.35
CiCa	21.18	9.03	2.34	97.06
WUE	24.20	15.68	1.54	93.46
CUE	47.23	22.65	2.09	96.31
Cla	2.99	1.51	1.99	95.98
Clb	15.02	3.82	3.94	98.94
ClT	6.87	1.82	3.77	98.84

Identification² 2 Representative identification of each cultivar.	Cultivar	CUT	ADE	PP	SP	ABE	PT	XVD	NVX	SPDED	SD
AC	Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474	4.44 b^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of probability.	28.86 a	66.22 a	178.73 b	17.07 a	54.01 b	14.63 b	131.83 b	1.95 b	187.24 b
A	Araponga MG1	4.34 c	25.52 b	71.97 a	213.91 a	14.82 b	71.23 a	15.69 b	150.72 a	1.87 c	203.54 a
MG1	Catiguá MG1	4.65 b	30.60 a	64.22 a	159.38 b	19.72 a	63.98 a	17.85 a	113.39 c	1.85 c	200.28 a
MG2	Catiguá MG2	4.98 a	30.62 a	62.58 a	148.81 b	17.84 a	61.21 a	17.69 a	132.83 b	1.94 b	183.32 b
P4	Catiguá MG3 P4	4.60 b	29.96 a	66.40 a	185.08 a	19.31 a	62.81 a	16.18 b	135.06 b	1.80 c	183.97 b
P5	Catiguá MG3 P5	4.30 c	29.71 a	63.79 a	193.92 a	18.11 a	60.26 a	17.54 a	132.61 b	1.83 c	182.67 b
P7	Catiguá MG3 P7	4.51 b	29.09 a	55.19 a	183.24 a	18.49 a	59.98 a	18.49 a	126.94 b	1.83 c	178.10 b
P9	Catiguá MG3 P9	4.20 c	31.21 a	54.65 a	177.27 a	19.93 a	59.41 a	18.08 a	98.39 c	2.00 b	189.84 b
P23	Catiguá MG3 P23	4.25 c	28.09 a	63.45 a	179.98 b	17.45 a	60.06 a	17.53 a	134.11 b	1.85 c	209.42 a
P51	Catiguá MG3 P51	4.18 c	30.74 a	60.41 a	165.65 b	17.61 a	51.09 b	15.06 b	109.56 c	1.90 b	197.67 a
NM	Catiguá MG3 NM	4.23 c	26.91 b	62.09 a	172.54 b	18.13 a	64.39 a	16.74 a	156.89 a	1.99 b	187.24 b
C62	Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62	4.19 c	28.99 a	58.12 a	219.39 a	17.84 a	65.53 a	17.87 a	136.17 b	1.90 b	187.24 b
C15	Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15	4.53 b	29.67 a	67.53 a	202.77 a	17.88 a	71.84 a	16.02 b	171.00 a	1.89 c	202.24 a
C81	Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81	4.39 c	25.40 b	61.79 a	161.08 b	14.60 b	67.03 a	16.15 b	154.06 a	1.98 b	214.64 a
C99	Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99	4.44 b	27.97 a	59.04 a	190.23 a	16.75 a	64.38 a	15.57 b	153.39 a	1.91 b	197.02 a
C	Caturra Vermelho MG 0187	4.32 c	25.58 b	63.70 a	160.10 b	15.30 b	64.27 a	15.33 b	128.89 b	1.86 c	208.76 a
G	Guatenano Colis MG0207	4.35 c	27.67 a	53.70 a	205.02 a	17.46 a	65.04 a	15.89 b	133.17 b	1.93 b	204.85 a
MN	Mundo Novo IAC 379-19	4.80 a	23.34 b	57.71 a	162.24 b	15.69 b	52.86 b	15.63 b	108.67 c	1.99 b	180.06 b
P	Paraíso MG1	4.25 c	33.00 a	60.42 a	173.28 b	18.12 a	61.05 a	19.11 a	113.67 c	2.29 a	147.44 b
PB	Pau Brasil MG1	4.02 c	28.41 a	63.71 a	194.70 a	18.52 a	64.65 a	17.01 a	124.06 c	1.78 c	219.85 a
S	Sacramento MG1	3.69 c	28.62 a	63.44 a	185.63 a	18.16 a	62.10 a	17.24 a	116.06 c	1.94 b	157.23 b
SR	San Ramon MG 0198	4.37 c	25.46 b	63.38 a	137.40 b	14.20 b	51.90 b	13.89 b	101.50 c	1.84 c	167.01 b
T	Topázio MG 1190	4.17 c	26.44 b	63.45 a	156.67 b	16.67 a	53.84 b	14.48 b	135.28 b	1.77 c	196.37 a

Identification² 2 Representative identification of each cultivar.	Cultivar	A	gs	E	CiCa	WUE	CUE	Cla	Clb	ClT
AC	Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474	5.60 d^* * Means followed by the same letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of probability.	0.06 d	1.19 c	0.54 b	4.91 b	0.03 b	464.67 b	267.83 c	732.50 c
A	Araponga MG1	7.43 c	0.07 c	1.73 c	0.47 b	4.47 c	0.06 a	439.83 c	229.17 e	669.00 e
MG1	Catiguá MG1	10.58 a	0.16 b	1.48 c	0.71 a	7.23 a	0.04 b	458.00 b	252.33 d	710.33 d
MG2	Catiguá MG2	8.01 c	0.08 c	1.44 c	0.52 b	5.75 b	0.04 b	452.50 c	271.50 c	724.00 c
P4	Catiguá MG3 P4	7.28 c	0.06 d	1.55 c	0.40 c	4.69 c	0.07 a	448.00 c	250.83 d	698.83 d
P5	Catiguá MG3 P5	11.13 a	0.16 b	1.97 b	0.68 a	5.75 b	0.04 b	465.83 b	244.50 d	710.33 d
P7	Catiguá MG3 P7	8.40 b	0.10 c	1.61 c	0.59 a	5.57 b	0.04 b	473.67 a	264.50 c	738.17 c
P9	Catiguá MG3 P9	6.45 c	0.05 d	1.46 c	0.39 c	4.46 c	0.06 a	484.33 a	307.83 b	792.17 b
P23	Catiguá MG3 P23	7.29 c	0.05 d	1.46 c	0.28 d	5.33 b	0.08 a	449.17 c	258.50 d	707.67 d
P51	Catiguá MG3 P51	10.63 a	0.19 a	2.42 a	0.73 a	4.48 c	0.04 b	463.33 b	247.00 d	710.33 d
NM	Catiguá MG3 NM	7.17 c	0.07 d	1.93 b	0.47 b	3.78 d	0.04 b	461.33 b	268.67 c	730.00 c
C62	Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62	6.35 d	0.07 d	1.46 c	0.56 b	4.36 c	0.03 b	465.33 b	342.67 a	808.00 a
C15	Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15	5.77 d	0.05 d	1.97 b	0.47 b	2.96 d	0.04 b	469.33 b	259.17 d	728.50 c
C81	Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81	6.25 d	0.06 d	1.19 c	0.45 b	5.40 b	0.05 b	473.50 a	358.33 a	831.83 a
C99	Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99	6.20 d	0.05 d	1.83 b	0.40 c	3.43 d	0.05 b	486.83 a	289.33 c	776.17 b
C	Caturra Vermelho MG 0187	5.58 d	0.05 d	1.12 c	0.47 b	5.13 b	0.03 b	468.50 b	313.67 b	782.17 b
G	Guatenano Colis MG0207	6.72 c	0.06 d	1.29 c	0.52 b	5.26 b	0.03 b	419.00 d	202.17 f	621.17 f
MN	Mundo Novo IAC 379-19	6.70 c	0.06 d	1.18 c	0.49 b	6.45 a	0.04 b	473.50 a	354.17 a	827.67 a
P	Paraíso MG1	4.96 d	0.05 d	1.38 c	0.50 b	3.59 d	0.03 b	472.50 a	276.17 c	748.67 c
PB	Pau Brasil MG1	9.48 b	0.15 b	2.43 a	0.70 a	3.93 c	0.04 b	460.50 b	267.83 c	728.33 c
S	Sacramento MG1	4.99 d	0.05 d	1.66 c	0.51 b	3.01 d	0.03 b	450.50 c	221.33 e	671.83 e
SR	San Ramon MG 0198	7.44 c	0.08 c	1.70 c	0.56 b	4.46 c	0.03 b	447.33 c	248.00 d	695.33 d
T	Topázio MG 1190	9.67 b	0.14 b	1.49 c	0.68 a	6.59 a	0.04 b	477.17 a	279.50 c	756.67 b

Characteristics⁽¹⁾	CV1	CV2
CUT	-0.139	0.262
ADE	0.237	-0.300
ABE	0.311	-0.106
PP	0.129	-0.081
SP	-0.084	-0.273
PT	-0.288	-0.224
XVD	-0.010	-0.083
NVX	-0.221	0.006
SPDED	-0.359	0.017
SD	0.248	-0.022
A	0.812	0.346
gs	0.844	0.465
E	0.442	-0.003
CiCa	0.657	0.493
WUE	0.392	0.351
CUE	0.090	-0.274
Cla	-0.300	0.503
Clb	-0.627	0.732
ClT	-0.597	0.742

[TFN1] ^*
Means followed by the same letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott test, at 5 % of probability.

[TFN2] ¹
CUT: adaxial cuticle thickness; ABE: abaxial epidermis thickness; ADE: adaxial epidermis thickness; PP: palisade parenchyma thickness; SP: spongy parenchyma thickness; PT: phloem thickness between procambium and sclerenchyma; XVD: xylem diameter; NXV: number of xylem vases; SPDED: ratio between stomatal polar and equatorial diameters; SD: stomatal density.

[TFN3] ²
Representative identification of each cultivar.

Brasil

Brasil

Assessment of leaf anatomic and physiological characteristics and genetic divergence among Coffea arabica L. cultivars in the Brazilian Savanna

Avaliação de características anatômicas e fisiológicas foliares e divergência genética entre cultivares de Coffea arabica L. no Cerrado

ABSTRACT