Índices foliares na cultura da cenoura pelo método de diagnose da composição nutricional

Silva, Frederico Dellano Souza; Silva, Natalia Oliveira; Oliveira, Thaísa Fernanda; Reis, Marcelo Rodrigues dos; Aquino, Leonardo Angelo de

doi:10.1590/1983-40632017v4747584

Frederico Dellano Souza Silva

Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Lavras, MG, Brasil. E-mails: fred_dss@hotmail.com, thaisafernanda135@gmail.com.

Natalia Oliveira Silva

Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil. E-mail: nataliasilva.13@hotmail.com.

Thaísa Fernanda Oliveira

Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Agricultura, Lavras, MG, Brasil. E-mails: fred_dss@hotmail.com, thaisafernanda135@gmail.com.

Marcelo Rodrigues dos Reis

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brasil. E-mails: marceloreis@ufv.br, leonardo.aquino@ufv.br.

Leonardo Angelo de Aquino

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brasil. E-mails: marceloreis@ufv.br, leonardo.aquino@ufv.br.

Attribute	Unit	Extractor/Method	Mean	Standard deviation
pH	-	H₂O	6.3	0.3
Organic carbon	dag kg^-1	K₂Cr₂O₇/Walkley-Black	2.0	0.3
P - remaining	mg L^-1	-	10.6	3.2
Phosphorus (P)	mg dm^-3	Mehlich-1	28.0	15.1
Potassium (K⁺)	mmol_c dm^-3	Mehlich-1	3.1	0.8
Calcium (Ca²⁺)	mmol_c dm^-3	KCl	33.9	5.8
Magnesium (Mg²⁺)	mmol_c dm^-3	KCl	10.7	3.0
Sulfur (SO₄^2-)	mg dm^-3	Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ H₂O in AcOH	7.5	4.5
CEC (T)	mmol_c dm^-3	-	82.3	8.2
Boron (B)	mg dm^-3	Warm water	0.52	0.21
Copper (Cu)	mg dm^-3	Mehlich-1	2.5	1.4
Iron (Fe)	mg dm^-3	Mehlich-1	38.0	12.2
Manganese (Mn)	mg dm^-3	Mehlich-1	3.2	2.3
Zinc (Zn)	mg dm^-3	Mehlich-1	6.8	3.0

Variable	Mean	Standard deviation	Stage 1
Variable	Mean	Standard deviation	Mathematical model	Amplitude	R²
V_N	2.10	0.39	N = 44.447+ 1.8664^* * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_N	-2.29 < I_N < 1.26	0.187
V_P	-0.38	0.35	P = 3.597 + 0.1801^nsI_P	-2.39 < I_P < 1.97	0.051
V_K	2.12	0.31	K = 43.588 - 1.0936^nsI_K	-2.61 < I_K < 1.69	0.023
V_Ca	1.37	0.41	Ca = 20.693 + 1.9317^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Ca	-2.14 < I_Ca < 2.23	0.235
V_Mg	-0.20	0.39	Mg = 4.2626 + 0.2196^* * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Mg	-2.42 < I_Mg < 1.61	0.130
V_S	-0.88	0.46	S = 2.2182 + 0.2195^nsI_S	-2.63 < I_S < 1.70	0.082
V_B	-2.20	0.31	B = 58.244 + 1.7264^* * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_B	-2.62 < I_B < 1.66	0.015
V_Cu	-3.74	0.43	Cu = 13.523 + 6.4587^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Cu	-1.82 < I_Cu < 2.78	0.616
V_Mn	-2.05	0.63	Mn = 63.775 + 50.44^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Mn + 11.331^* * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Mn²	-1.98 < I_Mn < 1.70	0.796
V_Zn	-2.61	0.28	Zn = 33.626 + 9.945^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Zn	-1.66 < I_Zn< 1.91	0.649
G	0.56	0.23	-	-	-
Variable	Mean	Standard deviation	Stage 2
Variable	Mean	Standard deviation	Mathematical model	Amplitude	R²
V_N	2.13	0.23	N = 37.111 - 0.6142^nsI_N	-2.03 < I_N < 2.17	0.025
V_P	-0.47	0.29	P = 2.8189 + 0.4484^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_P	-2.26 < I_P < 1.68	0.250
V_K	2.35	0.27	K = 45.753 + 1.0586^nsI_K	-2.21 < I_K < 2.17	0.028
V_Ca	1.44	0.30	Ca = 18.547 + 1.5789^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Ca	-1.65 < I_Ca < 1.82	0.202
V_Mg	-0.17	0.27	Mg = 3.6772 + 0.1182^nsI_Mg	-2.38 < I_Mg < 1.73	0.055
V_S	-1.01	0.46	S = 1.9787 + 0.25^nsI_S	-3.22 < I_S < 1.67	0.106
V_B	-2.20	0.31	B = 48.882 + 3.3861^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_B	-2.07 < I_B < 2.56	0.189
V_Cu	-3.67	0.54	Cu = 9.6996 + 9.0214^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Cu + 4.1764^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Cu²	-1.75 < I_Cu < 1.82	0.903
V_Mn	-2.01	0.68	Mn = 63.934 + 54.232^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Mn + 14.441^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Mn²	-1.85 < I_Mn < 1.77	0.901
V_Zn	-2.58	0.73	Zn = 31.429 + 36.982^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Zn+ 16.727^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Zn²	-2.26 < I_Zn< 1.84	0.944
G	0.45	0.12	-	-	-
Variable	Mean	Standard deviation	Harvest time
Variable	Mean	Standard deviation	Mathematical model	Amplitude	R²
V_N	1.37	0.22	N = 20.792 + 0.7017^* * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_N	-1.87 < I_N < 2.07	0.072
V_P	-1.21	0.31	P = 1.6181 + 0.3498^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_P	-2.50 < I_P < 2.45	0.508
V_K	2.23	0.32	K = 50.64 - 11.034^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_K	-2.71 < I_K < 1.94	0.589
V_Ca	1.64	0.27	Ca = 27.158 + 2.667^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Ca	-1.84 < I_Ca < 2.95	0.358
V_Mg	-0.42	0.25	Mg = 3.5117 + 0.4097^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Mg	-2.15 < I_Mg < 2.39	0.342
V_S	-0.94	0.38	S = 2.1457 - 0.0213^nsI_S	-2.39 < I_S < 2.54	0.001
V_B	-2.24	0.27	B = 55.448 + 5.683^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_B	-2.04 < I_B < 2.40	0.382
V_Cu	-1.91	0.73	Cu = 82.249+ 72.15^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Cu + 17.837^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Cu²	-2.79 < I_Cu < 1.67	0.905
V_Mn	-2.01	0.46	Mn = 79.309 + 41.175^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Mn + 9.3223^ * and ** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Mn²	-1.80 < I_Mn < 2.13	0.880
V_Zn	-2.70	0.44	Zn = 41.796 + 21.868^ * and **** significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test. I_Zn	-2.55 < I_Zn< 1.85	0.860
G	0.53	0.12	-	-	-

Nutrient	Optimal content			Optimal range			Literature
Nutrient	Stage 1	Stage 2	Harvest	Stage 1	Stage 2	Harvest	Stage 1¹ 1 Optimal content according to Malavolta et al. (1997);	Stage 2² 2 optimal range according to Hanlon & Hochmuth (2009).	Harvest² 2 optimal range according to Hanlon & Hochmuth (2009).
g kg^-1
N	44.4	37.1	20.8	43.2-45.7	34.5-39.7	20.3-21.3	-	18.0-25.0	15.0-25.0
P	3.6	2.8	1.6	3.1-4.1	2.5-3.1	1.3-1.9	-	2.0-4.0	1.8-4.0
K	43.6	45.8	50.6	38.7-48.5	41.5-50.0	43.2-58.0	60.0	20.0-40.0	14.0-40.0
Ca	20.7	18.5	27.2	19.4-22.0	17.5-19.5	25.4-28.9	22.5	20.0-35.0	10.0-15.0
Mg	4.3	3.7	3.5	4.1-4.4	3.3-4.0	3.2-3.8	3.5	2.0-5.0	4.0-5.0
S	2.2	2.0	2.1	1.7-2.8	1.5-2.4	1.7-2.6	4.0	-	-
mg kg^-1
B	58.3	48.9	55.4	57.1-59.4	46.6-51.1	51.7-59.2	-	20.0-40.0	20.0-40.0
Cu	13.5	9.7	82.2	9.2-17.8	5.5-17.6	42.1-138.3	-	4.0-10.0	4.0-10.0
Mn	63.8	63.9	79.3	35.2-102.4	34.2-106.5	56.0-110.9	-	30.0-60.0	30.0-60.0
Zn	33.6	31.4	41.8	27.0-40.3	14.2-63.5	27.2-56.4	-	20.0-60.0	20.0-60.0

Nutrient	Stage	Nutritional status (%)			Yield (t ha^-1)
Nutrient	Stage	LD	NL	LE	LD	NL	LE
N	Stage 1	15.3	78.8	5.8	81.3	80.9	86.3
	Stage 2	20.0	70.0	10.0	77.6	77.6	87.2^* * and ** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.
	Harvest	10.5	64.4	2.0	89.4^ * and **** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.	74.7	71.8
P	Stage 1	14.7	78.8	5.8	81.6	80.2	86.8
	Stage 2	20.7	66.4	12.8	79.2	78.5	76.6
	Harvest	11.9	49.1	40.0	85.0	77.0	70.5^* * and ** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.
K	Stage 1	10.0	72.6	17.2	84.2	81.8	79.3
	Stage 2	18.3	57.3	24.4	80.6	79.3	76.4
	Harvest	32.3	48.5	19.0	75.5	71.7	84.5^ * and **** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.
Ca	Stage 1	22.9	58.3	18.7	85.8	80.3	78.8
	Stage 2	24.4	56.8	18.8	77.7	77.9	81.3
	Harvest	28.5	50.0	21.4	75.6	77.6	69.8^* * and ** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.
Mg	Stage 1	18.1	66.4	15.3	78.8	80.7	87.0
	Stage 2	30.3	56.0	13.7	71.5^ * and **** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.	80.1	87.1
	Harvest	35.6	58.5	5.8	73.2	74.4	95.7^ * and **** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.
S	Stage 1	21.6	40.3	38.0	85.3	81.8	80.3
	Stage 2	15.3	59.5	25.2	86.4^* * and ** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.	77.3	81.3
	Harvest	14.5	59.3	26.0	79.3^* * and ** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.	70.6	69.8
B	Stage 1	12.1	67.1	20.7	85.4	82.3	76.9
	Stage 2	21.7	57.7	20.6	77.8	79.0	78.5
	Harvest	9.8	81.9	8.3	83.1^* * and ** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.	73.2	81.8
Cu	Stage 1	32.8	41.2	26.0	80.0	80.8	82.4
	Stage 2	38.0	40.1	21.9	76.3	78.1	80.5
	Harvest	16.4	59.4	24.1	72.6	74.1	77.5
Mn	Stage 1	40.6	35.9	23.4	77.9	79.5	85.8
	Stage 2	33.5	39.9	26.6	77.4	75.7	84.0^* * and ** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.
	Harvest	41.6	37.0	21.3	66.9^ * and **** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.	78.3	83.2
Zn	Stage 1	16.8	54.2	28.9	87.0	80.6	77.6
	Stage 2	12.3	37.1	50.6	94.2^ * and **** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.	81.5	72.1^ * and **** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.
	Harvest	14.1	43.9	41.5	92.7^ * and **** different from the NL yield by the t-test at 5 % and 1 %, respectively.	73.0	72.1

[TFN1] ¹Yields greater than 91.1 t ha^-1, 90.6 t ha^-1 and 87.8 t ha^-1, respectively.

[TFN2] ^{* and **}
significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively, by the t-test.

Brasil

Brasil

Índices foliares na cultura da cenoura pelo método de diagnose da composição nutricional

RESUMO