Potted platycodon production in response to paclobutrazol

Sabino, João Henrique Ferreira; Grossi, José Antonio Saraiva; Silva, Toshik Iarley da; Verly, Otávio Miranda; Martins Filho, Sebastião; Barbosa, José Geraldo

doi:10.1590/1983-40632021v5168949

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 51 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168949 copy

Potted platycodon production in response to paclobutrazol

Produção de platycodon em vaso em resposta a paclobutrazol

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Platycodon grandiflorus is an ornamental species that can be marketed as a potted flower; however, it has fragile and bending floral stems. Plant growth regulators, such as paclobutrazol, are compounds that reduce stem elongation, enabling the production of plants with a more compact formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol on platycodon growth, in a greenhouse. A completely randomized blocks experimental design was used in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of four varieties of ‘Astra Semi-Double’ platycodon (Blue, Lavender, Pink and White) and five paclobutrazol doses (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 mg pot^-1). The paclobutrazol application did not affect the stem diameter, number of leaves, days until anthesis, number of flowers or flower buds, and flower diameter. The shoot length, leaf area and shoot dry mass decreased with higher doses of the growth regulator. Lavender showed the highest values for shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area and shoot dry mass. Pink had the earliest anthesis, followed by Blue and White, whereas Lavender had the latest anthesis. The dose of 3.75 mg pot^-1 of paclobutrazol efficiently controlled the growth and improved the visual quality of all the platycodon varieties.

KEYWORDS:
Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A; DC; balloon flower; plant growth regulator

Sources of variation	SL	SD	NL⁽¹⁾	A	NF	FD	LA⁽¹⁾	SDM	LDM	TDM⁽²⁾
Sources of variation	(cm)	(mm)	NL⁽¹⁾	(days)	NF	(cm)	(cm²)	(g)	(g)	(g)
VAR (F_c)	36.90^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.	6.30^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.	33.38^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.	81.94^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.	3.94^* * p-value < 0.05;	9.77^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.	20.96^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.	14.76^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.	23.06^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.	7.26^ p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.(1) Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.(2) Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.
Blue	17.92 b	6.05 b	9.53 b	70.65 b	20.95 b	7.00 a	21.36 b	0.81 b	1.71 b	3.94 b
Lavender	21.11 a	5.98 b	12.21 a	75.90 a	26.05 a	7.07 a	24.69 a	1.13 a	2.20 a	4.63 a
Pink	16.75 b	6.90 a	9.59 b	63.85 c	21.70 b	6.43 b	20.09 b	0.83 b	1.52 b	3.86 b
White	17.17 b	6.61 ab	9.48 b	69.05 b	23.05 ab	6.10 b	20.02 b	0.81 b	1.50 b	3.75 b
PBZ
0	20.07	6.03	10.26	68.18	23.00	6.67	23.82	1.01	1.95	4.46
1.25	18.91	6.38	10.39	70.00	23.25	6.68	21.56	0.94	1.78	4.25
2.50	18.35	6.62	10.24	70.50	23.75	6.83	21.59	0.92	1.77	4.15
3.75	16.84	6.43	10.14	70.12	23.31	6.40	20.06	0.79	1.57	3.68
5.00	17.02	6.46	9.97	70.50	21.37	6.66	20.71	0.85	1.61	3.72
VAR × PBZ (F_c)	0.71^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	1.21^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	0.76^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	1.64^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	1.11^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	0.90^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	1.23^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	0.67^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	0.88^ns ns p-value > 0.05;	1.15^ns ns p-value > 0.05;
CV (%)	7.98	12.31	10.14	3.51	22.08	10.02	9.91	20.53	17.55	16.38

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[TFN1] F_c: F calculated value (

[TFN2] ^ns
p-value > 0.05;

[TFN3] ^*
p-value < 0.05;

[TFN4] ^**
p-value < 0.001). Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test, at 5 % of probability.⁽¹⁾ Data transformed into their square roots (y = √x) to attend the normality premise of the analysis of variance.⁽²⁾ Includes the dry mass of stem, leaves, flowers and flower buds.