Mecanismos envolvidos no biocontrole da queima da bainha do arroz por <i>Waitea circinata</i>

A cultivar de arroz BRS Tropical foi desenvolvida para várzeas tropicais, mas é suscetível à queima da bainha, tornando o bioagente Waitea circinata uma importante ferramenta no manejo da doença. Objetivou-se avaliar os mecanismos de W. circinata envolvidos no parasitismo e na indução de resistência à queima da bainha. O antagonismo in vitro foi avaliado por microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, seguida da quantificação das enzimas líticas envolvidas no parasitismo, como quitinase, glucanase e protease. Observou-se efeito do micoparasita W. circinata contra Rhizoctonia solani. A aplicação de W. circinata suprimiu a queima da bainha em até 65 % e aumentou a atividade da quitinase, glucanase e lipoxigenase 72 h após a inoculação e a da peroxidase 96 h após a inoculação. Assim, W. circinata mostrou-se efficiente em suprimir a queima da bainha por parasitismo e induziu resistência por meio da ativação de mecanismos bioquímicos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Oryza sativa ; Rhizoctonia solani ; biological control

Autoria

Kellen Cristhina Inácio Sousa

Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Goiânia, GO, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: bio.kcisbr@gmail.com/0000-0002-5512-855X; amandachaibub@gmail.com/0000-0002-4025-668X; jacquelinecamposcarvalho@gmail.com/0000-0001-5393-9087; leila_garces_araujo@ufg.br/0000-0002-3238-4999Universidade Federal de GoiásBrasilGoiânia, GO, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Goiânia, GO, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: bio.kcisbr@gmail.com/0000-0002-5512-855X; amandachaibub@gmail.com/0000-0002-4025-668X; jacquelinecamposcarvalho@gmail.com/0000-0001-5393-9087; leila_garces_araujo@ufg.br/0000-0002-3238-4999

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-855X

Amanda Abdallah Chaibub

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-668X

Jacqueline Campos Borba de Carvalho

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5393-9087

Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão), Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: cristina.flippi@embrapa.br/0000-0003-1676-8164Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão)BrasilSanto Antônio de Goiás, GO, BrasilEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão), Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: cristina.flippi@embrapa.br/0000-0003-1676-8164

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-8164

Leila Garcês de Araújo

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-4999

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras

Figuras (7)

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Figure 1
In vitro interaction between Waitea circinata and Rhizoctonia solani: A) R. solani in PDA culture medium; B) W. circinata in PDA culture medium; C) R. solani pathogen (P) and W. circinata mycorrhizal fungus (M) paired in Petri dishes; D) R. solani hyphae; E) W. circinata hyphae (white arrow) coiled around R. solani hyphae (red arrow) under an optical microscope; and F) under a scanning electron microscope. Bars: 10 µm.

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Figure 2
In vitro enzymatic activity of Waitea circinata in co-culture with Rhizoctonia solani: A) glucanase; B) chitinase; C) protease. * Means significantly different, according to the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Bars indicate the mean standard error.

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Figure 3
Evaluation of Waitea circinata pathogenicity in rice plants: A) plants sprayed only with water; B) plants sprayed with 5 g L^-1; C) plants sprayed with 10 g L^-1; D) plants inoculated with 9-mm disks of W. circinata applied to the soil.

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Figure 4
Sheath blight severity (A, C and E) and area under the disease progress curve - AUDPC (B, D and F) for the greenhouse assays (A1: A-B; A2: C-D; A3: E-F) with Waitea circinata applied beforehand (disks) or simultaneously (sprayed with 5 and 10 g L^-1).

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Figure 5
In vivo interaction between Waitea circinata and Rhizoctonia solani, with rice plants in a greenhouse (left) and respective scanning electron microscopy (right): A) plants sprayed only with autoclaved distilled water; B) plants treated with W. circinata soil disks (20 days after sowing - DAS); C-D) plants inoculated only with R. solani at 55 DAS, large number of hyphae on leaves (C), sheath degraded by the pathogen (D); E-F) plants treated with W. circinata disks at 20 DAS and subsequently inoculated with R. solani at 55 DAS. Arrows: A-B) glandular trichomes in the guard cells closed the stomata; D) necrotic sheaths with mycelial growth of the pathogen; E) waxy layer; F) crystals. Bars: 10 µm (A, B, E, F) and 50 µm (C, D).

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Figure 6
In vivo enzymatic activity [A) chitinase; B) glucanase; C) lipoxygenase; D) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; E) peroxidase] in rice plants treated with Waitea circinata and subsequently inoculated with the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani x W. circinata), treated with W. circinata alone and inoculated only with the pathogen (R. solani).

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Figure 7
Multivariate analysis of enzymatic activity and disease severity for plants treated only with Waitea circinata, inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani alone or treated with W. circinata and inoculated with R. solani: A) Pearson’s linear correlation, with Bonferroni correction, between chitinase (CHI), glucanase (GLU), lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POX) activity and severity; B) principal component analysis of the studied variables (enzymes: CHI, GLU, LOX, PAL and POX and severity).

Figure 1 In vitro interaction between Waitea circinata and Rhizoctonia solani: A) R. solani in PDA culture medium; B) W. circinata in PDA culture medium; C) R. solani pathogen (P) and W. circinata mycorrhizal fungus (M) paired in Petri dishes; D) R. solani hyphae; E) W. circinata hyphae (white arrow) coiled around R. solani hyphae (red arrow) under an optical microscope; and F) under a scanning electron microscope. Bars: 10 µm.

Figure 2 In vitro enzymatic activity of Waitea circinata in co-culture with Rhizoctonia solani: A) glucanase; B) chitinase; C) protease. * Means significantly different, according to the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Bars indicate the mean standard error.

Figure 3 Evaluation of Waitea circinata pathogenicity in rice plants: A) plants sprayed only with water; B) plants sprayed with 5 g L^-1; C) plants sprayed with 10 g L^-1; D) plants inoculated with 9-mm disks of W. circinata applied to the soil.

Figure 4 Sheath blight severity (A, C and E) and area under the disease progress curve - AUDPC (B, D and F) for the greenhouse assays (A1: A-B; A2: C-D; A3: E-F) with Waitea circinata applied beforehand (disks) or simultaneously (sprayed with 5 and 10 g L^-1).

Figure 5 In vivo interaction between Waitea circinata and Rhizoctonia solani, with rice plants in a greenhouse (left) and respective scanning electron microscopy (right): A) plants sprayed only with autoclaved distilled water; B) plants treated with W. circinata soil disks (20 days after sowing - DAS); C-D) plants inoculated only with R. solani at 55 DAS, large number of hyphae on leaves (C), sheath degraded by the pathogen (D); E-F) plants treated with W. circinata disks at 20 DAS and subsequently inoculated with R. solani at 55 DAS. Arrows: A-B) glandular trichomes in the guard cells closed the stomata; D) necrotic sheaths with mycelial growth of the pathogen; E) waxy layer; F) crystals. Bars: 10 µm (A, B, E, F) and 50 µm (C, D).

Figure 6 In vivo enzymatic activity [A) chitinase; B) glucanase; C) lipoxygenase; D) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; E) peroxidase] in rice plants treated with Waitea circinata and subsequently inoculated with the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani x W. circinata), treated with W. circinata alone and inoculated only with the pathogen (R. solani).

Figure 7 Multivariate analysis of enzymatic activity and disease severity for plants treated only with Waitea circinata, inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani alone or treated with W. circinata and inoculated with R. solani: A) Pearson’s linear correlation, with Bonferroni correction, between chitinase (CHI), glucanase (GLU), lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POX) activity and severity; B) principal component analysis of the studied variables (enzymes: CHI, GLU, LOX, PAL and POX and severity).

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Mecanismos envolvidos no biocontrole da queima da bainha do arroz por <i>Waitea circinata</i>

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