Carnauba bagana substrate and application of humic substances on the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings

Figure 1
Leaf area of yellow passion fruit seedlings as a function of increasing doses of humic substances in substrates based on carnauba bagana (CB). Lowercase letters compare the different proportions of carnauba nuts within the same dose of humic substances, while capital letters compare the same proportion of carnauba nuts in different doses of humic substances.

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Figure 2
Root volume of yellow passion fruit seedlings as a function of increasing doses of humic substances in substrates based on carnauba bagana (CB). Lowercase letters compare the different proportions of carnauba nuts within the same dose of humic substances, while capital letters compare the same proportion of carnauba nuts in different doses of humic substances.

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Figure 3
Principal component analysis (PCA) related to the parameters evaluated in yellow passion fruit seedlings produced on substrates based on carnauba bagana (CB). DQI: Dickson quality index; RDM: root dry mass; SDM: shoot dry mass; SD: stem diameter; LA: leaf area; RL: root length; RV: root volume; PH: plant height.

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Table 1
Values for pH, organic matter (OM) and total contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) of substrates based on carnauba bagana (CB).

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Table 2
Overall density, particle density and porosity of carnauba bagana (CB)-based substrates.

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Table 3
F-values for the variables leaf area (LA), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), root length (RL), root volume (RV), shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI) of yellow passion fruit seedlings as a function of substrates and addition of humic substances.

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Table 4
Means of the variables plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), root length (RL), shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI) of yellow passion fruit seedlings as a function of substrates.

Substrates	pH	OM	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Substrates	H₂O	g kg^-1	g kg^-1	mg kg^-1	^{__________________________} cmol_c kg^{-1 ___________________________}
0 % CB	4.0	22.80	1.14	3.5	0.14	0.69	0.53	2.82
50 % CB	5.0	51.47	3.56	17.0	0.46	4.10	1.60	6.30
100 % CB	5.3	598.86	4.02	89.0	3.88	19.80	10.40	34.60

Substrates	Density (g cm^-3)		Porosity (%)
Substrates	Global density	Particle density	Porosity (%)
0 % CB	1.44	2.67	45.99
50 % CB	1.02	2.19	53.30
100 % CB	0.27	0.90	70.20

Sources of variation¹ 1 CB: carnauba bagana; HS: humic substances.	^{________________________________________________________________________} F-value ^{________________________________________________________________________}
	LA		PH		SD		RL		RV		SDM		RDM		DQI
	cm²		cm		mm		cm		cm³		g		g		DQI
CB	99.62	^ significant at 1 %;	29.71	^ significant at 1 %;	97.23	^ significant at 1 %;	22.87	^ significant at 1 %;	25.38	^ significant at 1 %;	27.97	^ significant at 1 %;	12.56	^ significant at 1 %;	13.72	^* ***** Significant at 0.1 %;
HS	1.36	^ns ns not significant.	2.44	^ns ns not significant.	2.14	^ns ns not significant.	1.99	^ns ns not significant.	1.94	^ns ns not significant.	1.36	^ns ns not significant.	1.32	^ns ns not significant.	1.58	^ns ns not significant.
CB x HS	2.48	^* * significant at 5 %;	1.87	^ns ns not significant.	1.80	^ns ns not significant.	1.37	^ns ns not significant.	2.33	^* * significant at 5 %;	1.27	^ns ns not significant.	1.13	^ns ns not significant.	1.39	^ns ns not significant.

Substrates	PH		SD		RL		SDM		RDM		DQI
Substrates	cm		mm		cm		g		g		DQI
0 % CB¹ 1 CB: carnauba bagana. Equal lowercase letters in the column do not differ by the Tukey test at 5 % of significance.	12.15	c	1.56	c	18.39	b	0.17	b	0.05	b	0.02	b
50 % CB	21.00	b	2.83	b	25.30	a	1.29	a	0.28	a	0.13	a
100 % CB	28.09	a	3.16	a	28.69	a	1.68	a	0.31	a	0.14	a

[TFN1] ¹
CB: carnauba bagana; HS: humic substances.

[TFN2] ^***
Significant at 0.1 %;

[TFN3] ^**
significant at 1 %;

[TFN4] ^*
significant at 5 %;

[TFN5] ^ns
not significant.

Brasil

Brasil

Carnauba bagana substrate and application of humic substances on the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings

Substrato de bagana de carnaúba e aplicação de substâncias húmicas na produção de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo

ABSTRACT