Residual activity of sulfentrazone and its impacts on microbial activity and biomass of Brazilian Savanna soils

Damin, Virgínia; Carrijo, Bruno da Silva; Costa, Nathalia Almeida

doi:10.1590/1983-40632021v5168340

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Special Supplement: Cerrado [Brazilian Savanna] • Pesq. Agropec. Trop. 51 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168340 copy

Residual activity of sulfentrazone and its impacts on microbial activity and biomass of Brazilian Savanna soils

Atividade residual de sulfentrazone e seus impactos na atividade e biomassa microbiana de solos de Cerrado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Soil attributes may affect the residual activity and impacts of herbicides on non-target organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the residual activity of the sulfentrazone herbicide and its impacts on microbiological parameters of Brazilian Savanna soils, as well as to identify soil attributes that can be used to predict the residual activity of the herbicide in these soils. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 6 x 5 factorial scheme, with 4 replications, being 5 soil types (Rhodic Acrustox; Typic Quartzpsamment; Rhodic Haplustox; Typic Humaquepts; Fluventic Dystrustepts) and 6 periods (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days after herbicide application - DAA). The residual activity of the sulfentrazone herbicide is dependent of the soil type, and the time that the herbicide can control at least 80 % of Urochloa decumbens plants ranges from 0 (Typic Humaquepts) to 38 days (Rhodic Haplustox). The bases saturation is the only soil attribute correlated with the herbicide efficacy over time, in the Brazilian Savanna soils, showing a moderate correlation up to 90 DAA. The pH, organic matter and clay content are not correlated with the herbicide efficacy over time in these soils. Sulfentrazone reduces the microorganisms activity from 45 to 90 DAA in all the studied soils. However, it does not affect the microbial biomass carbon.

KEYWORDS:
Urochloa decumbens Stapf; pre-emergent herbicides; soil microorganisms

Soil type	pH	∆pH	OM	P	S	K	Ca	Mg	Al	T	t	V
Soil type	CaCl₂	∆pH	g kg¹	^______ mg dm³^______		^{______________________________} cmol_c dm³^{______________________________}						%
RQo	4.3	-0.6	9.0	3.4	5.0	0.06	0.4	0.2	0.3	2.99	1.0	22.94
RYbd	4.3	-0.4	29.0	2.4	7.1	0.04	0.3	0.2	0.5	4.78	1.1	12.11
GMd	4.4	-0.6	32.0	34.4	34.4	0.15	2.2	1.4	0.5	9.35	4.4	41.22
LVw	5.6	-0.6	23.0	1.2	2.8	0.05	0.3	0.2	0.0	2.57	0.6	22.07
LVd	4.6	-0.4	25.0	0.8	3.4	0.06	0.3	0.2	0.4	6.39	1.0	9.17

Soil type	Clay	Silt	Sand	Clay mineralogy
RQo	90	40	870	Caulinite, gibsite and VHI
RYbd	110	50	840	Caulinite, VHI and gibsite
GMd	320	90	590	Caulinite, VHI and gibsite
LVw	440	110	450	Gibsite, caulinite and VHI
LVd	500	110	390	Gibsite, caulinite and VHI

Soil type	Dry mass reduction (%)	Phytotoxicity (%)
RQo	54.91 b	56.00 a
RYbd	65.70 ab	56.00 a
GMd	25.00 c	35.90 b
LVw	65.10 ab	69.80 a
LVd	75.30 a	70.80 a
CV (%)	34.00	32.00
F_soil	23.23^ andns: significant at 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox); DAA: days after herbicide application.	13.51^ andns: significant at 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox); DAA: days after herbicide application.
F_DAA	16.77^ andns: significant at 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox); DAA: days after herbicide application.	17.66^ andns: significant at 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox); DAA: days after herbicide application.
F_{soil x DAA}	1.27^ns	1.52^ns

Soil type	Model	R²	Estimate residual effect (days)
Soil type	Model	R²	DMR80%	DMR50%	DMR20%
RQo	y = 89.1259 - 0.5847x	0.80^* * and	9.4	46.0	82.6
RYbd	y = 87.7096 - 0.8199x	0.95^ significant at 1 % and 5%, respectively, by the F test. y: dry mass reduction (DMR%); x: time (in days) that the sulfentrazone guaranteed 80, 50 or 20 % for DMR. Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox).	15.6	66.9	118.2
GMd	Without adjustment	-	0.0	0.0	-
LVw	y = 85.7556/[1 + (x/67.7145)^2.8224]	0.98^ significant at 1 % and 5%, respectively, by the F test. y: dry mass reduction (DMR%); x: time (in days) that the sulfentrazone guaranteed 80, 50 or 20 % for DMR. Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox).	21.4	60.1	114.1
LVd	y = 92.8835/[1 + (x/85.2589)^2.2475]	0.95^ significant at 1 % and 5%, respectively, by the F test. y: dry mass reduction (DMR%); x: time (in days) that the sulfentrazone guaranteed 80, 50 or 20 % for DMR. Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox).	37.8	79.6	151.6

Soil type	MBC	RR	qCO₂
Soil type	C (µg g^-1 of soil)	CO₂ µg g^-1 of soil day^-1	qCO₂
RQo	143.00 c	12.20	0.09 ab
RYbd	216.30 bc	13.40	0.06 ab
GMd	383.50 a	12.70	0.03 b
LVw	165.60 c	12.80	0.11 a
LVd	288.00 ab	13.10	0.05 ab
CV (%)	64.00	15.70	112.60
F_soil	14.73^ andns: significant at 5 and 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox). DAA: days after herbicide application.	1.82^ns	3.76^ andns: significant at 5 and 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox). DAA: days after herbicide application.
F_herbicide	1.17^ns	49.30^ andns: significant at 5 and 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox). DAA: days after herbicide application.	0.18^ns
F_DAA	3.38^ andns: significant at 5 and 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox). DAA: days after herbicide application.	150.86^ andns: significant at 5 and 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox). DAA: days after herbicide application.	1.40^ns
F_{soil x herbicide}	0.76^ns	1.14^ns	1.67^ns
F_{soil x DAA}	1.24^ns	1.74^* * ,	1.19^ns
F_{herbicide x DAA}	2.18^ns	4.09^ andns: significant at 5 and 1 % and not significant, respectively, by the F test. Averages followed by the same letter in the columns did not differ by the Tukey test (p < 0.01). Rqo: Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico (Typic Quartzpsamment); RYbd: Neossolo Flúvico Tb Distrófico (Fluventic Dystrustepts); GMd: Gleissolo Melânico Distrófico (Typic Humaquepts); LVw: Latossolo Vermelho Ácrico (Rhodic Acrustox); LVd: Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (Rhodic Haplustox). DAA: days after herbicide application.	0.54^ns
F_{soil x herbicide x DAA}	0.68^ns	0.64^ns	1.01^ns

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