Effect of bioagents and cover crops on soil attributes and common bean plant development

Frasca, Laylla Luanna de Mello; Rezende, Cássia Cristina; Silva, Mariana Aguiar; Lanna, Anna Cristina; Nascente, Adriano Stephan

doi:10.1590/1983-40632023v5376044

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Special Supplement: Bioinputs in Agriculture • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 53 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632023v5376044 copy

Effect of bioagents and cover crops on soil attributes and common bean plant development

Efeito de bioagentes e coberturas vegetais em atributos do solo e no desenvolvimento de feijoeiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The search for cultivation techniques that provide productive, social and environmental benefits to the agroecosystem is of great seriousness for the sustainable intensification of agriculture. This study aimed to determine the effect of crop cover crops on the soil attributes and development of bean plants treated with the consortium of bioagents Serratia marcencens + Trichoderma koningiopsis grown in the winter. The experiments were conducted for three crop seasons, in a randomized blocks design arranged in a 2 × 8 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of eight cover crops with two microbial treatments. The bioagents and the mix of cover crops, especially the treatment 2 (corn) and the mixes 3 (millet, Crotalaria ochroleuca, black oat, white oat, buckwheat and coracana grass) and 5 (black oat, buckwheat, millet, Piatã grass and C. Ocholeuca), provided significant increases in the soil chemical and biological quality, with increases in the contents of Ca, Mg, K, H + Al and organic matter, as well as in the main soil pathogens that affect the bean crop, concerning fallow. In addition, there was an increase in the number of pods per plant and grains per pod. The use of these technologies provided savings, if compared to the use of chemical fertilization.

KEYWORDS:
Phaseolus vulgaris L.; multifunctional microorganisms; sustainable agriculture

Treatments	pH	Ca	Mg	Al	H + Al	P	K	OM
Treatments	H₂O	________________________mmol_c dm⁻³________________________				_________mg dm⁻³_________		g kg⁻¹
Microbial microorganisms (MM)
BRM 32114 + BRM 53736	6.03 a*	29.98 a	16.02 a	0.17	14.62 a	34.63	135.27 a	35.35 a
Control (without bioagents)	5.89 b	27.12 b	15.18 b	0.15	12.26 b	32.12	121.83 b	32.30 b
Cover crops (CC)
Fallow (control)	5.95	28.25	15.03	0.08	14.00	35.40	132.58 ab	30.77 b
Corn	6.01	29.37	15.92	0.08	13.04	34.28	126.83 ab	34.05 a
Mix 1	5.93	28.01	15.48	0.20	14.20	34.80	117.08 b	34.99 a
Mix 2	5.97	29.12	15.82	0.12	12.79	39.72	147.75 a	34.67 a
Mix 3	5.91	28.22	15.32	0.33	13.70	37.11	150.00 a	34.02 a
Mix 4	5.99	28.94	16.17	0.08	12.51	33.40	118.20 b	33.42 a
Mix 5	5.97	28.01	15.63	0.29	13.08	36.30	116.04 b	33.77 a
Mix 6	5.92	28.50	15.42	0.12	14.16	35.67	119.66 b	33.94 a
Crop season (CS)
2020	6.06 a	28.16	15.32	0.10	12.69 b	29.98 b	149.73 a	32.76 b
2021	6.06 a	28.25	15.46	0.12	12.73 b	30.02 b	143.92 a	32.99 b
2022	5.73 b	29.32	16.06	0.28	15.05 a	40.79 a	88.53 b	35.91 a
Anova factors (p-value)
MM	0.000	0.000	0.027	0.726	0.000	0.268	0.038	0.000
CC	0.818	0.953	0.861	0.207	0.732	0.757	0.030	0.020
CS	0.000	0.318	0.257	0.310	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000
MM * CC	0.070	0.069	0.059	0.214	0.107	0.516	0.554	0.132
Standard deviation	0.220	4.850	2.490	0.380	4.240	11.300	52.560	3.040
CV (%)	3.840	16.500	16.860	47.080	30.200	36.930	34.770	12.280

Treatments	β-Glicosidase	Fosfatase	Arylsulfatase
Treatments	_______ρ-nitrophenol (mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹)_______
Microbial microorganisms (MM)
BRM 32114 + BRM 53736	47.22 a*	163.76 a	75.44 a
Control (without bioagents)	39.96 b	142.58 b	58.08 b
Cover crops (CC)
Fallow (control)	45.95	151.67 abc	68.04 ab
Corn	44.32	141.68 c	57.33 b
Mix 1	43.74	160.69 ab	70.00 a
Mix 2	45.75	167.67 a	70.87 a
Mix 3	42.62	147.28 bc	64.97 ab
Mix 4	40.79	150.78 abc	67.85 ab
Mix 5	41.05	156.38 abc	70.85 a
Mix 6	44.56	149.20 bc	64.18 ab
Crop season (CS)
2020	38.93 b	152.69	78.12 a
2021	39.97 b	152.25	76.05 a
2022	52.66 a	154.73	44.06 b
Anova factors (p-value)
MM	0.000	0.000	0.000
CC	0.375	0.118	0.215
CS	0.000	1.000	0.000
MM * CC	0.823	0.000	0.262
Standard deviation	9.460	23.820	23.210
CV (%)	21.120	20.190	28.480

Cover crops	With bioagents	Without bioagents
	_____________Phosphatase_____________
	_______ρ-nitrophenol (mg g⁻¹ h⁻¹)_______
Fallow	169.71 Ab*	133.64 Bbc
Corn	148.11 Ac	135.25 Aabc
Mix 1	162.99 Abc	158.39 Aab
Mix 2	205.37 Aa	129.96 Bc
Mix 3	159.66 Abc	134.90 Babc
Mix 4	166.95 Abc	134.61 Babc
Mix 5	153.39 Abc	159.37 Aa
Mix 6	143.91 Abc	154.49 Aabc

Treatments	Fusarium oxysporum	Macrophomina phaseolina	Rhizoctonia solani	Trichoderma spp.
Treatments	________________________________________________Propagule g⁻¹ of soil________________________________________________
Microbial microorganisms (MM)
BRM 32114 + BRM 53736	3,978 b*	26.45	12.26 b	3,849
Control (without bioagents)	6,310 a	26.45	14.62 a	3,666
Cover crops (CC)
Fallow (control)	5,922 a	52.91 b	11.16	3,314
Corn	5,548 ab	158.73 a	15.61	3,481
Mix 1	6,011 a	0.00 b	15.95	2,385
Mix 2	3,871 b	0.00 b	14.51	4,785
Mix 3	4,257 ab	0.00 b	13.65	2,883
Mix 4	5,833 a	0.00 b	19.88	4,176
Mix 5	5,975 a	0.00 b	22.66	3,932
Mix 6	3,734 b	0.00 b	16.18	3,103
Crop season (CS)
2020	5,754 a	39.68 a	12.69 a	15.32
2021	4,534 b	13.22 b	12.73 b	15.46
Anova factors (p-value)	0.000	0.997	0.329	0.797
MM	0.016	0.000	0.351	0.194
CC	0.006	0.054	0.873	0.836
MM * CC	0.764	0.085	0.577	0.142
CV (%)	38.500	47.080	33.570	37.230

Treatments	_______________________________Porosity (m⁻³ m⁻³)______________________________			Density mg m⁻³
Treatments	Macro	Micro	Total	Density mg m⁻³
Microbial microorganisms (MM)
BRM 32114 + BRM 53736
Control (without bioagents)	0.061	38.947	45.053	1.443
Cover crops (CC)
Fallow (control)	0.046	28.382	39.391	1.456
Corn	0.059	33.819	42.289	1.432
Mix 1	0.047	34.742	41.869	1.442
Mix 2	0.058	33.662	41.970	1.459
Mix 3	0.056	33.776	42.169	1.441
Mix 4	0.040	34.609	43.401	1.449
Mix 5	0.060	33.255	41.775	1.451
Mix 6	0.055	32.710	42.226	1.464
Crop season (CS)	0.059	32.744	40.041	1.456
2021	0.006	0.007	0.006	0.362
2022	0.493	0.213	0.556	0.384
Anova factors (p-value)	0.462	0.827	0.218	0.774
Standard deviation	0.020	1.370	1.730	0.040
CV (%)	27.950	5.310	3.720	3.910

Treatments	NPP	NGP	W100	Grain yield
Treatments	unit	unit	g	kg ha⁻¹
Microbial microorganisms (MM)
BRM 32114 + BRM 53736	18 a*	3.24 a	22.93	992
Control	15 b	2.79 b	20.46	990
Cover crops (CC)
Fallow	16	3.17 b	20.24	997 bc
Corn	18	2.54 c	23.22	943 c
Mix 1	16	3.78 a	19.81	1,197 a
Mix 2	17	2.40 c	20.04	877 c
Mix 3	16	2.94 bc	18.76	975 bc
Mix 4	16	2.86 bc	20.92	944 c
Mix 5	18	3.20 b	29.56	1,130 ab
Mix 6	16	3.24 ab	20.99	868 c
Crop seasons (CS)
2020	15 b	2.37 b	20.00 b	935 b
2021	24 a	3.04 ab	30.14 a	1680 a
2022	11 c	3.34 a	14.94 b	359 c
Anova factors (p-value)
MM	0.004	0.002	0.319	0.798
CC	0.843	0.000	0.454	0.563
MM * CC	0.199	0.007	0.494	0.901
Standard deviation	7.020	1.150	17.040	36.200
CV (%)	29.13	23.260	29.130	22.550

Treatments	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Total
Treatments	_________________________________________________________USD ha⁻¹_________________________________________________________
Microbial microorganisms (MM)
BRM32114 + BRM53756	140.00	10.86	172.80	44.39	5.50	18.47	0.42	40.58	5.72	3.06	441.79
Without microorganisms	127.50	10.04	152.40	36.69	4.81	17.63	0.37	32.22	5.03	2.91	389.59
Cover crops (CC)
Fallow (control)	98.75	7.40	135.60	33.93	4.25	13.02	0.27	23.49	3.77	2.03	322.50
Corn	173.75	13.49	198.00	49.14	5.86	19.22	0.48	45.75	6.88	3.83	516.40
Mix 1	131.25	9.60	135.60	38.90	4.91	17.14	0.33	33.93	4.37	2.77	378.79
Mix 2	121.25	10.11	166.80	45.38	5.38	24.82	0.28	38.10	4.26	2.54	418.92
Mix 3	126.25	10.05	135.60	33.43	4.40	14.55	0.36	28.52	4.79	3.06	360.99
Mix 4	161.25	12.55	200.40	51.63	5.96	20.52	0.55	48.14	6.52	3.62	511.14
Mix 5	132.50	9.78	183.60	38.16	5.63	15.09	0.52	48.00	7.12	3.57	443.98
Mix 6	113.75	10.60	136.80	33.68	4.86	20.01	0.38	25.28	5.39	2.50	353.23

Escola de Agronomia/UFG Caixa Postal 131 - Campus II, 74001-970 Goiânia-GO / Brasil, 55 62 3521-1552 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
E-mail: revistapat.agro@ufg.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[TFN1] *Means followed by the same letter do not differ by the LSD test (p < 0.05). Mix 1: white lupine, buckwheat, white oat, black oat, Crotalaria ochroleuca, C. juncea, fodder radish and coracana grass; mix 2: buckwheat, C. spectabilis, fodder radish and black oat; mix 3: millet, C. ochroleuca, black oat, white oat, buckwheat and coracana grass; mix 4: C. spectabilis, buckwheat, millet and C. breviflora; mix 5: black oat, buckwheat, millet, Piatã grass and C. ochroleuca; mix 6: black oat, fodder radish, white lupine, coracana grass and buckwheat.