The objective of this paper is to stimulate the reflection on the nature of scientific knowledge. The intention is not dogmatic, in the sense of saying what is scientific methodology, rather to present the following points that are the basis for the discussion of its foundation and break up with the apparent certainty of the common sense on the nature of scientific knowledge: (1) the relationship among internal and external science history, (2) the critic to the induction notion, (3) the role of theory in observation, (4) the principle of verification. In that presentation it is privileged the two main theories that polarized the discussions of philosophy of science in the last decades: the theories of Popper and Kuhn on the scientific methodology foundations.
philosophy of science; scientific methodology