Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Method: From Research in Philosophy to Psychology Research

Feijoo, Ana Maria Lopez Calvo de

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3337

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Sumário

Thematic Dossier “Methodological Challenges in Psychology: Contributions to Practice and Academic Training” • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 33 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3337 copy

Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Method: From Research in Philosophy to Psychology Research

Método Fenomenológico-Hermenéutico: De la Investigación en Filosofía a la Investigación en Psicología

Método Fenomenológico-Hermenêutico: Das Investigações em Filosofia às Pesquisas em Psicologia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this study, we built a theoretical text aimed to clarify the relationship between philosophy and psychology, and along this path, proposed a method called phenomenological-hermeneutic. Firstly, we show how authors as Giorgi and Sousa and Castro and Gomes define this relationship. Then, we demonstrate Feijoo’s proposal, who uses Heidegger’s phenomenological-hermeneutic to undertake research in Psychology. We highlight the three moments used by the philosopher Heidegger in his investigations: reconstruction, phenomenological destruction, and construction. Then we show how these three moments together with the propositions of phenomenology: reduction and suspension; monitoring of the sand-time dynamics of the phenomenon; and description and explanation of the experience; it can lead us towards achieving the overall structure of experience. We intend to make arguments that point out that the appropriation of the phenomenological-hermeneutic method brings contributions to the investigations in Psychology.

Keywords:
qualitative research; phenomenology; hermeneutics; philosophy; psychology

Stages of the phenomenological method		Methodological procedures	Data collection and analysis
Reconstruction	Reduction: the passage from the natural attitude to the unnatural or phenomenological one.	Literature review: secondary, i.e., articles, books, theses, and dissertations that deal with the topic, thus describing how psychological science approaches the phenomenon to be investigated.	Search the database according to the languages, their respective descriptors, and the time interval established for the search. The arguments and justifications supporting the above decisions must be developed at this stage.
Search in bibliographical research how knowledge on the topic we intend to research is constituted.
	Suspension: judgments and morals established by common sense and science regarding the topic investigated.
Destruction	Point out the aporias of truths established by theories and research dealing with the investigated phenomenon.	Literature review: primary, with arguments from the classics of the philosophy of existence, history, or literature, pointing to the reductions, simplifications, and insufficiencies of the truths postulated by science.	Studies of critical analyses by philosophers, historians, or literary scholars who deal with the topic investigated or even the contradictions about the themes within the scientific research.
This path opens up other possibilities for understanding the phenomenon.
	Using imaginative variation, we follow the vectors internal to the phenomenon or the spatio-temporal dynamics in which the phenomenon moves.	With open interviews or clinical consultations, we monitor the situation presenting itself in a unique context. To do so, we need to ensure that there is a triggering question - in the case of interviews. Furthermore, in the case of monitoring the clinical situation, we let the situation unfold as it happens.	Careful reading and phenomenological analysis of the expressions that appeared during the interview(s) or clinical care(s) to reach the existential expressions present in the reports of the research participants.
Construction	Description and explanation of units of meaning extracted from the expressions that appeared significant in the experiences of the research participants.	A careful and detailed reading of the units of meaning was obtained during the meeting to highlight the units of meaning.	Highlight, through a hermeneutic analysis, the meanings present in the experiences of the reports presented, giving them a name.
Articulation of other possible ways of understanding the phenomenon
	Unity of meaning of experience.	We can reach what is essential in the clinical discourse or the interview through an analysis that leads us to the meanings of the reported experiences.	Highlight the element that shows the essential meaning of the phenomenon investigated and responds to the investigation proposal.

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Ana Maria Lopez Calvo de Feijoo. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Av. São Francisco Xavier, 524 10º andar, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. CEP 20.550-900. E-mail: ana.maria.feijoo@gmail.com