Teaching Methodology, Stress and Study and Learning Strategies: Interrelationships among University Students

Correspondence address: Raphaela Barroso Guedes-Granzotti. Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão-SE, Brazil. CEP 49.100-000. E-mail: raphaelabgg@gmail.com

Raphaela Barroso Guedes-Granzotti is a Professor of the Department of Speech-Language Pathology at Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, Brazil.

Carla Patrícia Hernandez Alves Ribeiro César is a Professor of the Department of Speech-Language Pathology at Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, Brazil.

Vanessa Veis Ribeiro is a Professor of the Department of Speech-Language Pathology at Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto-SE, Brazil.

Rodrigo Dornelas is a Professor of the Department of Speech-Language Pathology at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.

Patricia Pinatti Moreira is a Professor of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto-SE, Brazil.

Kelly da Silva is a Professor of the Department of Speech-Language Pathology at Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto-SE, Brazil.

Authors’ Contribution: All authors made substantial contributions to the conception and design of this study, to data analysis and interpretation, and to the manuscript revision and approval of the final version. All the authors assume public responsability for content of the manuscript.

Associate Editor: Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira

Variables	Categories		Groups		p-value
Variables	Categories		TMG	AMG	p-value
Period	First	N	12	16	0.346
	First	%	11.4	15.2
	Second	N	27	36
	Second	%	25.7	34.3
	Third	N	36	28
	Third	%	34.3	26.7
	Fourth	N	30	25
	Fourth	%	28.6	23.8
Genders	Male	N	24	24	1.000
	Male	%	22.9	22.9
	Female	N	81	81
	Female	%	77.1	77.1
Secondary Education	Public	N	54	72	0.016^*
	Public	%	51.4	68.6
	Particular	N	51	33
	Particular	%	48.6	31.4
Paid Work	No	N	92	98	0.239
	No	%	87.6	93.3
	Yes	N	13	7
	Yes	%	12.4	6.7
Scholarship / University aid	No	N	52	66	0.070
	No	%	49.5	62.9
	Yes	N	53	39
	Yes	%	50.5	37.41

Variables	Groups	N	*Mean*	SD	Min,	Max,	1Q	Median	3Q	Mann-Whitney U	Z	p-value
(LASSI Subscales)	Groups	N	*Mean*	SD	Min,	Max,	1Q	Median	3Q	Mann-Whitney U	Z	p-value
Information processing	TMG	105	3.84	0.65	2.36	5.00	3.36	3.91	4.36	4822.000	−1.570	0.116
Information processing	AMG	105	3.72	0.64	1.82	5.00	3.27	3.73	4.14	4822.000	−1.570	0.116
Anxiety	TMG	105	3.03	0.64	1.57	4.43	2.57	3.00	3.57	5090.500	−0.961	0.337
Anxiety	AMG	105	2.96	0.61	1.43	4.14	2.50	2.86	3.43	5090.500	−0.961	0.337
Time Organization	TMG	105	2.97	0.64	1.33	4.56	2.56	2.89	3.44	4522.500	−2.252	0.024^*
Time Organization	AMG	105	3.15	0.58	1.67	4.44	2.78	3.22	3.56	4522.500	−2.252	0.024^*
Concentration	TMG	105	3.53	0.69	1.89	5.00	3.00	3.67	4.00	4522.500	−2.252	0.024^*
Concentration	AMG	105	3.73	0.68	1.22	5.00	3.33	3.89	4.11	4522.500	−2.252	0.024^*
Attitude	TMG	105	4.21	0.67	1.88	5.00	4.00	4.38	4.63	5398.000	−0.261	0.794
Attitude	AMG	105	4.24	0.56	2.25	5.25	4.00	4.38	4.63	5398.000	−0.261	0.794
Concern when studying	TMG	105	4.06	1.07	1.00	5.00	3.50	4.50	5.00	4862.000	−1.517	0.129
Concern when studying	AMG	105	3.89	1.02	1.00	5.00	3.00	4.00	5.00	4862.000	−1.517	0.129
Selection of main ideas	TMG	105	3.51	0.75	1.57	5.00	3.00	3.57	4.07	5045.500	−1.063	0.288
Selection of main ideas	AMG	105	3.40	0.75	1.43	5.00	2.86	3.43	3.86	5045.500	−1.063	0.288
Study aid	TMG	105	3.53	0.71	1.86	5.00	3.07	3.43	4.14	4954.000	−1.271	0.204
Study aid	AMG	105	3.39	0.69	1.71	4.71	2.86	3.43	3.93	4954.000	−1.271	0.204
Motivation	TMG	105	3.49	0.46	2.09	4.45	3.23	3.55	3.82	4963.000	−1.251	0.211
Motivation	AMG	105	3.58	0.45	2.27	4.73	3.23	3.55	3.91	4963.000	−1.251	0.211
Internet questions	TMG	105	30.23	7.87	0.00	40.00	26.00	31.00	36.00	4987.000	−1.195	0.232
Information processing	AMG	105	29.70	6.81	0.00	40.00	25.00	29.00	35.00	4987.000	−1.195	0.232
Internet questions	TMG	105	10.85	3.12	0.00	15.00	9.00	11.00	13.00	5478.500	−0.078	0.938
Selection of general ideas	AMG	105	10.78	3.18	0.00	15.00	8.50	11.00	13.00	5478.500	−0.078	0.938

Variables	Categories		Study groups		p-value
Variables	Categories		TMG	AMG
Presence or not of stress	Stress-free	N	24	22	0.868
	Stress-free	%	22.9	21.0
	With stress	N	81	83
	With stress	%	77.1	79.0
ISSL Stress Phases	Alert	N	2	0	0.474
	Alert	%	2.5	0.0
	Resistance	N	64	69
	Resistance	%	79.0	82.1
	Near exhaustion	N	14	13
	Near exhaustion	%	17.3	15.5
	Exhaustion	N	1	2
	Exhaustion	%	1.2	2.4
Predominance of Stress Symptoms	Psychological	N	52	52	0.380
	Psychological	%	64.2	61.9
	Physical	N	15	22
	Physical	%	18.5	26.2
	Psychological and physical	N	14	10
	Psychological and physical	%	17.3	11.9

Variables	Stress	N	*Mean*	SD	Minimum	Maximum	1Q	Median	3Q	Mann-Whitney U	Z	p-value
(LASSI Subscales)	Stress	N	*Mean*	SD	Minimum	Maximum	1Q	Median	3Q	Mann-Whitney U	Z	p-value
Information processing	Without	24	4.05	0.61	2.36	5.00	3.77	4.18	4.45	715.500	−1.959	0.050
Information processing	With	81	3.78	0.65	2.36	5.00	3.27	3.82	4.27	715.500	−1.959	0.050
Anxiety	Without	24	3.48	0.62	1.71	4.43	3.32	3.57	3.86	439.500	−4.075	<0.001^*
Anxiety	With	81	2.90	0.59	1.57	4.14	2.50	2.86	3.43	439.500	−4.075	<0.001^*
Time Organization	Without	24	3.22	0.72	1.44	4.33	2.61	3.33	3.86	671.500	−2.297	0.022^*
Time Organization	With	81	2.90	0.60	1.33	4.56	2.44	2.89	3.28	671.500	−2.297	0.022^*
Concentration	Without	24	3.93	0.75	2.00	5.00	3.36	4.06	4.56	561.500	−3.138	0.002^*
Concentration	With	81	3.42	0.63	1.89	4.67	3.00	3.56	3.89	561.500	−3.138	0.002^*
Attitude	Without	24	4.33	0.79	1.88	5.00	4.16	4.63	4.84	713.500	−1.981	0.048^*
Attitude	With	81	4.17	0.64	2.50	5.00	4.00	4.38	4.63	713.500	−1.981	0.048^*
Concern when studying	Without	24	4.15	1.01	1.50	5.00	4.00	4.25	5.00	921.500	−0.400	0.689
Concern when studying	With	81	4.03	1.09	1.00	5.00	3.50	4.50	5.00	921.500	−0.400	0.689
Selection of main ideas	Without	24	3.74	0.73	1.86	5.00	3.18	3.79	4.39	744.000	−1.743	0.081
Selection of main ideas	With	81	3.44	0.75	1.57	5.00	2.86	3.43	4.00	744.000	−1.743	0.081
Study aid	Without	24	3.55	0.75	1.86	4.86	3.18	3.64	4.07	913.500	−0.447	0.655
Study aid	With	81	3.53	0.70	2.00	5.00	3.00	3.43	4.14	913.500	−0.447	0.655
Motivation	Without	24	3.67	0.51	2.64	4.45	3.27	3.68	3.98	732.000	−1.836	0.066
Motivation	With	81	3.44	0.44	2.09	4.18	3.14	3.45	3.73	732.000	−1.836	0.066
Internet questions Information processing	Without	24	29.42	10.27	0.00	39.00	27.25	31.50	36.75	961.000	−0.084	0.933
Internet questions Information processing	With	81	30.47	7.07	0.00	40.00	26.00	31.00	36.00	961.000	−0.084	0.933
Internet questions Selection of general ideas	Without	24	10.58	4.01	0.00	15.00	9.00	11.00	13.00	971.000	−0.008	0.994
Internet questions Selection of general ideas	With	81	10.93	2.82	0.00	15.00	9.00	11.00	13.00	971.000	−0.008	0.994

Variables	Stress	N	*Mean*	SD	Minimum	Maximum	1Q	Median	3Q	Mann-Whitney U	Z	p-value
(LASSI Subscales)	Stress	N	*Mean*	SD	Minimum	Maximum	1Q	Median	3Q	Mann-Whitney U	Z	p-value
Information processing	Without	22	3.59	0.55	2.18	4.45	3.25	3.59	3.91	772.000	−1.112	0.266
Information processing	With	83	3.75	0.66	1.82	5.00	3.27	3.73	4.18	772.000	−1.112	0.266
Anxiety	Without	22	3.29	0.50	2.43	4.14	3.00	3.36	3.61	560.500	−2.785	0.005^*
Anxiety	With	83	2.87	0.61	1.43	4.14	2.43	2.71	3.43	560.500	−2.785	0.005^*
Time Organization	Without	22	3.16	0.39	2.11	3.67	3.06	3.22	3.36	906.500	−0.051	0.959
Time Organization	With	83	3.15	0.62	1.67	4.44	2.67	3.22	3.67	906.500	−0.051	0.959
Concentration	Without	22	3.89	0.42	3.22	4.89	3.56	3.89	4.11	788.000	−0.986	0.324
Concentration	With	83	3.68	0.73	1.22	5.00	3.22	3.89	4.11	788.000	−0.986	0.324
Attitude	Without	22	4.20	0.58	2.25	5.00	4.09	4.31	4.50	844.500	−0.541	0.588
Attitude	With	83	4.25	0.56	2.75	5.25	3.88	4.38	4.63	844.500	−0.541	0.588
Concern when studying	Without	22	3.93	1.09	1.50	5.00	3.38	4.00	5.00	868.000	−0.361	0.718
Concern when studying	With	83	3.88	1.01	1.00	5.00	3.00	4.00	5.00	868.000	−0.361	0.718
Selection of main ideas	Without	22	3.62	0.66	2.43	4.86	3.29	3.57	4.04	724.000	−1.491	0.136
Selection of main ideas	With	83	3.35	0.77	1.43	5.00	2.86	3.43	3.86	724.000	−1.491	0.136
Study aid	Without	22	3.24	0.72	1.71	4.43	2.82	3.14	4.00	764.500	−1.173	0.241
Study aid	With	83	3.43	0.68	1.71	4.71	2.86	3.43	3.86	764.500	−1.173	0.241
Motivation	Without	22	3.74	0.36	3.09	4.36	3.55	3.82	4.09	658.000	−2.013	0.044^*
Motivation	With	83	3.53	0.47	2.27	4.73	3.18	3.55	3.91	658.000	−2.013	0.044^*
Internet questions Information processing	Without	22	26.95	8.01	0.00	36.00	25.00	29.00	31.25	723.000	−1.500	0.134
Internet questions Information processing	With	83	30.42	6.31	14.00	40.00	25.00	30.00	37.00	723.000	−1.500	0.134
Internet questions Selection of general ideas	Without	22	10.45	3.50	0.00	15.00	8.00	11.50	12.25	864.000	−0.388	0.698
Internet questions Selection of general ideas	With	83	10.87	3.11	3.00	15.00	9.00	11.00	13.00	864.000	−0.388	0.698

[1] Correspondence address: Raphaela Barroso Guedes-Granzotti. Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão-SE, Brazil. CEP 49.100-000. E-mail: raphaelabgg@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Teaching Methodology, Stress and Study and Learning Strategies: Interrelationships among University Students

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Metodología de la Enseñanza, Estrés y Estrategias de Estudio y Aprendizaje: Interrelaciones entre Estudiantes Universitarios

Abstract