Validity and Reliability of the Oral Health Impact Profile Instrument (OHIP-14) in Adolescents

Silveira, Marise Fagundes; Pinho, Lucinéia de; Brito, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e2921

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Psychological Evaluation • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 29 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e2921 copy

Validity and Reliability of the Oral Health Impact Profile Instrument (OHIP-14) in Adolescents

Validade e Confiabilidade do Instrumento Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) em Adolescentes

Validez y Confiabilidad del Instrumento Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) en Adolescentes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Oral conditions impact on the individual’s health and quality of life. The use of a valid and reliable instrument provides accuracy in the measurement of this impact. This study aimed to assess the evidences of validity and reliability of the Oral Health Impact Profile instrument (OHIP-14) in adolescents. A total of 763 adolescents participated in the study. The OHIP-14, the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and intraoral examinations were used. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the OHIP-14 showed acceptable adjustment indexes: CFI = 0.957; GFI = 0.959 and RMSEA=0.063. Normative oral health conditions show significant association with OHIP-14 scores. Significant correlation was observed between the total OHIP-14 score and the scores of self-perception of oral health (p < 0.001) and the physical and mental dimensions of the SF-12 (p < 0.001). The Cronbach alpha coefficient was adequate (α = 0.87). OHIP-14 was showed satisfactory validity and reliability, subsiding its use in studies that assess the self-perception of oral health for this population.

Keywords:
adolescents; factor analysis; odontology; scales

OHIP-14 dimensions	Convergent validity
OHIP-14 dimensions	AVE	CR
Functional limitation	0.47	0.64
Physical pain	0.69	0.82
Psychological discomfort	0.69	0.81
Physical limitation	0.76	0.86
Psychological limitation	0.78	0.88
Social limitation	0.58	0.73
Handicap	0.57	0.72
Overall Impact	0.82	0.96

Oral conditions		n (%)	Median	IQ range
Presence of dental cavity	No	483 (63.3)	0.0*	0.0-4.0
Presence of dental cavity	Yes	280 (36.7)	3.0*	0.0-10.0
Presence of restored teeth	No	711 (93.2)	0.0*	0.0-4.0
Presence of restored teeth	Yes	52 (6.8)	2.0*	0.0-6.0
Number of lost teeth	None	642 (84.1)	1.0**	0.0-5.0
Number of lost teeth	≥ 1	121 (15.9)	2.0**	0.0-9.0
Periodontal condition (CPI)	Healthy	517 (67.6)	0.0*	0.0-4.0
Periodontal condition (CPI)	Unhealthy	246 (32.3)	2.0*	0.0-8.0
Malocclusion (DAI)	Mild/moderate	661 (86.6)	1.0**	0.0-5.0
Malocclusion (DAI)	Serious/Very serious	102 (13.4)	3.0**	0.0-7.0
Plaquea	Absent	454 (59.7)	0.0*	0.0-4.0
Plaquea	Present	306 (40.3)	2.0*	0.0-6.0
Need for prosthesis	No need	711 (93.2)	1.0**	0.0-5.0
Need for prosthesis	Need	52 (6.8)	4.0**	0.0-10.0

OHIP-14 dimensions	OHIP-14 item	Cronbach alpha (CI 95%)	Cronbach alpha if the item is removed	Item-total correlation	Kappa (CI 95%)
Functional limitation	1. Have you been having problems to say a word?	0.52 (0.45-0.58)	0.87	0.31	0.80 (0.64-0.69)
	2. Have you been feeling that the taste of food has gotten worse?	0.52 (0.45-0.58)	0.87	0.32	0.83 (0.69-0.91)
Physical pain	3. Have you been feeling pain in your mouth or teeth?	0.74 (0.70-0.77)	0.86	0.60	0.53 (0.21-0.77)
	4. Have you been feeling discomfort while eating?	0.74 (0.70-0.77)	0.86	0.63	0.76 (0.56-0.87)
Psychological discomfort	5. Have you been feeling worried?	0.70 (0.65-0.74)	0.86	0.63	0.75 (0.54-0.87)
	6. Have you been feeling stressed?	0.70 (0.65-0.74)	0.85	0.70	0.80 (0.63-0.89)
Physical limitation	7. Has your eating been impaired lately?	0.76 (0.73-0.80)	0.87	0.65	0.67 (0.39-0.82)
	8. Have you had to stop your meals?	0.76 (0.73-0.80)	0.86	0.63	0.92 (0.85-0.96)
Psychological limitation	9. Have you been finding it difficult to relax?	0.47 (0.39-0.54)	0.86	0.63	0.77 (0.57-0.87)
	10. Have you been feeling embarrassed?	0.47 (0.39-0.54)	0.86	0.57	0.90 (0.81-0.94)
Social limitation	11. Have you been getting angry with other people?	0.60 (0.54-0.66)	0.86	0.55	0.67 (0.40-0.82)
	12. Have you been having difficulties to perform your daily activities?	0.60 (0.54-0.66)	0.86	0.55	0.89 (0.80-0.94)
Handicap	13. Have you been feeling that your life, in general, got worse?	0.54 (0.47-0.60)	0.87	0.50	0.93 (0.88-0.96)
	14. Have you been feeling completely unable to perform your daily activities?	0.54 (0.47-0.60)	0.87	0.41	1.00
General scale		0.87 (0.85-0.89)	-	-	-

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Marise Fagundes Silveira. Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Vila Mauriceia. Montes Claros-MG, Brazil. CEP 39.401-089. E-mail: ciaestatistica@yahoo.com.br