Inventario de Recursos Individuales para la Jubilación en Portugal: Un Estudio de Adaptación y Validación

França, Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho; Amorim, Silvia Miranda; Pedreiro, Ana Teresa Martins; Loureiro, Helena Maria Almeida Macedo

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Social Psychology • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 32 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3213 copiar

Inventario de Recursos Individuales para la Jubilación en Portugal: Un Estudio de Adaptación y Validación

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Una cuarta parte de la población de Portugal tiene 65 años o más, y la mayoría está jubilada. Sin embargo, faltan estudios e instrumentos que faciliten la planificación de la jubilación. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el Retirement Resources Inventory (RRI) en este país para que sea utilizado en futuras intervenciones. Participaron 450 jubilados portugueses de todas las regiones, quienes respondieron al inventario y a preguntas sociodemográficas. De los análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio emergieron 23 ítems, confirmando el modelo de cuatro factores [χ² (gl) = 404,63 (216); CFI = 0,90; TLI = 0,88; RMSEA = 0,06; SRMR = 0,06], con buena evidencia de validez interna y convergente. El primer factor correspondió a los aspectos físicos y económicos, el segundo a los recursos sociales y familiares, el tercer al apoyo recibido, y el cuarto a los recursos emocionales y cognitivos. Se recomienda la replicación del RRI en un estudio longitudinal antes y después del evento de jubilación.

Palabras clave:
jubilación; inventario; planificación; psicometría

Characteristic		Full sample	Subsample 1	Subsample 2
Characteristic		(n = 450)	(n = 200)	(n = 250)
Sex
	Male	61.9	61.5	61.8
	Female	38.1	38.5	38.2
Age
	Mean (Standard Deviation)	68.1 (6.1)	67.1(6.4)	68.8(5.8)
	45 to 55 years	1.3	2.0	0.8
	56 to 65 years	31.2	39	24.9
	66 to 75 years	56.7	48.5	62.6
	76 to 90 years	10.8	10	11.6
Civil Status
	Marriage or cohabitation	72.7	69.5	74.7
	Single, divorced or separated, and widowed	27.3	30.5	25.3
Schooling level
	Literacy	0.9	0.5	1.2
	Primary education	7.8	8.0	7.6
	Secondary education	37.4	36.0	38.5
	Undergraduate studies	35.6	34.0	36.9
	Graduate studies	18.3	21.0	15.6

Dimension	Item	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
Physical resources	1. General health condition	3.65	0.86	-0.85	0.99
	2. Physical illnesses	3.64	0.98	-0.19	-0.42
	3. Mental disorders	4.64	0.71	-2.20	4.98
	4. Energy for activities	3.57	0.70	-1.07	1.96
Financial resources	5. Income to support expenses	3.17	0.72	-0.70	0.81
	6. Financial support from savings	2.77	0.90	-0.64	-0.28
	7. Financial support from investments	2.22	1.00	0.05	-1.28
	8. Financial support from pension	2.61	0.99	-0.45	-0.88
Social resources	9. Contact with friends	3.48	1.00	-0.18	-0.69
	10. Contact with family	3.52	1.00	-0.42	-0.49
	11. Contacting people from different sources	3.37	1.10	-0.15	-0.83
	12. Supportive interactions with friends	3.39	1.02	-0.42	-0.57
	13. Supportive interactions with family	3.65	1.09	-0.63	-0.37
	14. Supportive interactions with various people	3.10	1.02	-0.17	-0.56
	15. Informational support	2.60	0.91	0.11	-0.23
	16. Emotional support	2.77	0.97	0.24	-0.31
	17. Concrete support	2.20	1.19	0.72	-0.49
Emotional resources	18. Positive emotions	3.49	0.72	-0.91	1.27
	19. Ability to perceive emotions	3.78	0.53	-1.01	2.29
	20. Awareness of emotions	3.82	0.53	-1.27	4.21
	21. Ability to use emotions	3.64	0.60	-0.88	1.34
Cognitive resources	22. Control over what happens	3.79	0.96	-0.74	0.18
	23. Value perception	4.24	0.64	-0.78	2.01
	24. Forgetting where they have been or what they have done	3.81	0.84	-0.45	-0.04
	25. Ability to remember events	3.70	0.66	-0.62	1.38
	26. Ability to remember meanings	3.73	0.64	-0.94	2.07
	27. Ability to acquire knowledge	3.58	0.64	-0.85	1.49
	28. Speed of processing information	3.54	0.68	-0.14	0.34
	29. Ability to solve problems	3.69	0.53	-0.72	0.88
	30. Ability to make decisions	3.65	0.54	-0.56	0.42
Motivational resources	31. Effort in the face of difficulties	3.94	0.62	-0.99	2.98
	32. Fighting for goals	4.12	0.59	-0.68	2.93
	33. Adapting to change	3.86	0.73	-0.76	1.45
	34. Motivation in the face of challenges	3.52	0.87	-0.58	0.07
	35. Creating unrealistic goals	3.86	0.84	-0.62	0.21

Item	F1	F2	F3	F4
1. General health condition	0.33			0.49
4. Energy for activities	0.37			0.41
5. Income to support expenses				0.76
6. Financial support from savings				0.85
7. Financial support from investments				0.65
8. Financial support from pension				0.66
9. Contact with friends		0.65
10. Contact with family		0.73
11. Contacting people from different sources		0.72
12. Supportive interactions with friends		0.47	0.33
13. Supportive interactions with family		0.51
15. Informational support			0.71
16. Emotional support			0.77
17. Concrete support			0.65
18. Positive emotions	0.45	0.32
19. Ability to perceive emotions	0.59
20. Awareness of emotions	0.69
21. Ability to use emotions	0.61
26. Ability to remember meanings	0.65
27. Ability to acquire knowledge	0.62
28. Speed of processing information	0.74
29. Ability to solve problems	0.76
30. Ability to make decisions	0.61

Item	F1	F2	F3	F4
1. General health condition	0.30
4. Energy for activities	0.67
5. Income to support expenses	0.57
6. Financial support from savings	0.67
7. Financial support from investments	0.53
8. Financial support from pension	0.55
9. Contact with friends		0.58
10. Contact with family		0.67
11. Contacting people from different sources		0.65
12. Supportive interactions with friends		0.72
13. Supportive interactions with family		0.64
15. Informational support			0.63
16. Emotional support			0.73
17. Concrete support			0.48
18. Positive emotions				0.42
19. Ability to perceive emotions				0.34
20. Awareness of emotions				0.30
21. Ability to use emotions				0.32
26. Ability to remember meanings				0.39
27. Ability to acquire knowledge				0.37
28. Speed of processing information				0.42
29. Ability to solve problems				0.32
30. Ability to make decisions				0.31

	F1	F2	F3	F4
Gender	0.10*	0.08	0.25***	0.07
Age	0.11*	-0.01	0.13*	-0.11*
Civil status	-0.02	-0.04	0.04	-0.10*
Schooling level	0.24***	0.18**	0.03	0.35***
Income	0.38***	0.07	0.09	0.07
Salary loss	-0.23***	-0.05	-0.10	-0.03
No. of dependents	-0.03	-0.03	0.12*	-0.04

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho França. Universidade Salgado de Oliveira. Rua Marechal Deodoro, 211 Centro - Niterói-RJ, Brazil. CEP 24.030-060. E-mail: lucia.franca@gmail.com