Socioemotional and Cognitive Skills: Its Relation to School Performance in Elementary School

Castro, Angélica Maria Ferreira de Melo; Bueno, José Maurício Haas; Peixoto, Evandro Morais

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3137

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School and Educational Psychology • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 31 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3137 copy

Socioemotional and Cognitive Skills: Its Relation to School Performance in Elementary School

Habilidades Socioemocionais e Cognitivas: Relações com o Desempenho Escolar no Ensino Fundamental

Habilidades Socioemocionales y Cognitivas: Relaciones con el Rendimiento Escolar en la Escuela Primaria

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Several constructs shown as good predictors of school performance. However, previous studies have focused only on a part of these predictors, making it difficult to understand their interaction to predict school performance. This study verified the associations (correlations), predictions (linear regressions), and relationship dynamics (network analysis) of variables (intelligence, EI, personality, and executive functions) that predict school performance (Portuguese, mathematics, and general) in children and adolescents in the elementary education. In total, 133 students were submitted to instruments to assess the predictive abilities and performance measures included in this study. Regression analyses showed emotional intelligence and abstract reasoning as the main positive predictors of school performance, and the agreeableness/openness trait as a positive predictor of overall performance and mathematics. The results corroborated by centrality indicators estimated through network analyses. This study advances when considering several variables concurrently.

Keywords:
academic achievement; cognitive ability; emotional intelligence; elementary education

Psychological characteristic (independent)	School Performance (dependent variables)
	Portuguese					Mathematics					General
	B	Sx	β	t	p	B	S _x	β	t	p	B	S _x	β	t	p
Emotional Intelligence	0.14	0.04	0.29	3.73	0.000***	0.06	0.02	0.21	2.74	0.007**	0.03	0.01	0.28	4.05	0.000***
Abstract Reasoning	0.64	0.14	0.34	4.53	0.000***	0.36	0.08	0.34	4.71	0.000***	0.15	0.03	0.40	5.90	0.000***
Conscientiousness	0.68	0.43	0.12	1.60	0.113	0.09	0.24	0.03	0.39	0.700	0.11	0.08	0.09	1.27	0.207
Amiability/opening	1.22	0.73	0.13	1.67	0.097	1.24	0.41	0.24	2.98	0.003**	0.43	0.14	0.22	3.04	0.003**
General extroversion	-	-	-	-	-	0.21	0.40	0.37	0.58	0.578	−0.01	0.13	0.01	0.53	0.958
Inhibitory Control	-	-	-	-	-	0.84	0.40	0.16	2.12	0.036*	0.23	0.13	0.11	1.68	0.096
Total R² (%)	30					33.4					43
Abstract Reasoning	0.77	0.15	0.41	5.24	0.000***	0.45	0.08	0.43	5.51	0.000***	0.19	0.03	0.49	6.57	0.000***
Conscientiousness	1.04	0.44	0.18	2.38	0.019*	0.48	0.24	0.15	1.95	0.054	0.23	0.09	0.20	2.65	0.009**
Total R² (%)	20					20					27.5

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: Angélica Maria Ferreira de Melo Castro. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Center for Philosophy and Human Sciences. Av. da Arquitetura S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife-PE, Brazil. CEP 50.740-550. E-mail: angelicamfmcastro@gmail.com