The objective of this article is to reflect about social-historical changes that happened in the conception of Childhood linked to the role played by Education, with one analysis that follow since the Romam Era until (post)Modernity. The relationship between childhood and education is discussed from an evaluation of social practices and dominant ideologies presents in each period of time, pointing out the propositions and the accomplishments; also it is considered the world situation problematic and it is discussed the question of Children and Adolescents rights, with the observation of the way followed since the Human Rights Universal Declaration, in the end of the 40th, but in special emphasizing the difficulties in its implementation in various moments and cultures.
Childhood; Education; Family; Human Rights