Psychological Adjustment of Parents of Children with Different Cancer Prognoses

Correspondence address: Amanda Muglia Wechsler. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. Avenida John Boyd Dunlop, s/n, Jd. Ipaussurama, Campinas-SP, Brazil. CEP 13.086-900. E-mail: amanda.wechsler@gmail.com

Amanda Muglia Wechsler is a Professor of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil.

Carmen Bragado-Álvarez is a Professor of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

María José Hernández-Lloreda is a Professor of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Luiz Fernando Lopes is the director of pediatrics of the Hospital de Amor (Hospital de Câncer Infanto-Juvenil de Barretos), Barretos-SP, Brazil.

Elisa Maria Perina is a retired psychologist of the Centro Infantil de Investigações Hematológicas Dr. Domingos A. Boldrini, Campinas-SP, Brazil.

Authors’ Contribution: All authors made substantial contributions to the conception and design of this study, to data analysis and interpretation, and to the manuscript revision and approval of the final version. All the authors assume public responsibility for content of the manuscript.

Characteristic	Recurrence (n = 32)		Remission (n = 75)		Non-clinical (n = 76)
Characteristic	n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender
female	29	91	62	83	67	88
male	3	9	13	17	9	12
Marital Status
with partner	23	72	55	74	46	61
no partner	9	28	20	26	30	39
Education
primary	11	37	29	39	37	50
High school/college	19	63	46	61	37	50
Religion
religious	27	85	70	93	69	91
no religion / not reported	5	15	5	7	7	9
Diagnosis of children
leukemias	14	44	22	30	----
brain tumors	5	15	7	9	----
bone tumors	6	19	1	1	----
other tumors	7	22	45	60	----
	M	DP	M	DP	M	DP
Age	36.11	7.45	38.31	8.99	35.43	9.26
Family income	2.31	1.81	5.05	5.64	2.25	1.58
Treatment time children (months)	37.32	28.76	14.38	14.22	----
Time current sit. children (months)	5.58	7.14	62.97	27.53	----

Characteristic	Recurrence		Remission		Non-clinical		F	p	Cohen's d	ɳ²
Characteristic	M	DP	M	DP	M	DP	F	p	Cohen's d	ɳ²
BAI	16.61	11.03	14.08	13.82	13.28	14.24	0.31			0.00
BDI	14.54	10.28	10.47	10.44	13.27	10.72	0.75			0.01
Somatization (SCL)	11.10	9.00	11.61	10.65	11.79	10.08	0.05			0.00
Obs.- comp. (SCL)	14.61	9.16	10.85	8.43	10.16	6.94	3,11*	0.03 ^a	0.50 ^a	0.03
Obs.- comp. (SCL)	14.61	9.16	10.85	8.43	10.16	6.94	3,11*	0.02 ^b	0.43 ^b	0.03
Interp. sens. (SCL)	11.61	8.30	8.69	7.95	9.38	7.98	0.83			0.01
Depression (SCL)	19.19	12.17	12.13	10.70	14.07	11.54	4,18*	0.00 ^a	0.62 ^a	0.05
Anxiety (SCL)	12.39	9.17	9.18	8.02	9.37	8.27	0.73			0.01
Hostility (SCL)	4.68	4.85	4.50	4.31	5.38	5.29	0.65			0.01
Phobic Anx. (SCL)	5.48	5.69	3.96	4.75	4.63	5.18	1.01			0.01
Paran. Idea. (SCL)	7.26	5.66	4.90	4.11	5.61	4.82	2.71			0.03
Psychoticism (SCL)	7.42	6.86	6.07	6.58	7.26	7.62	0.66			0.01
GSI (SCL)	1.13	0.73	0.87	0.70	0.92	0.70	1.50			0.02
PST (SCL)	45.32	21.51	36.51	21.40	38.07	26.05	1.62			0.02
PSDI (SCL)	2.21	0.74	1.85	0.80	1.78	0.73	3,65*	0.03 ^a	0.47 ^a	0.04
PSDI (SCL)	2.21	0.74	1.85	0.80	1.78	0.73	3,65*	0.01 ^b	0.59 ^b	0.04

Characteristic	Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1.BAI	RG	---
	RMG	---
	NCG	---
2.BDI	RG	.52**	---
	RMG	.70**	---
	NCG	.42**	---
3.GSI	RG	.54**	.82**	---
	RMG	.78**	.74**	---
	NCG	.52**	.80**	---
4.PST	RG	.55**	.78**	.91**	---
	RMG	.25*	.33**	.84**	---
	NCG	−.10	.29*	.89**	---
5.PSDI	RG	.47**	.56**	.77**	.48**	---
	RG	.63**	.50**	.79**	.43**	---
	RMG	.28*	.66**	.80**	.54**	---
6. Cohe. Family	RG	−.20	−.28	−.38*	−.25	−.39*	---
	RMG	−.39**	−.34**	−.43**	−.14	−.37**	---
	NCG	−.38**	−.34**	−.47**	−.13	−.20	---
7.Social support	RG	−.01	.44	−.05	.06	.01	.45*	---
	RMG	−.21	−.26*	−.20	.05	−.11	.06	---
	NCG	−.06	.09	.01	.12	.08	.28*	---
Treat. time	RG	.01	−.15	−.178	.16	−.23	.07	−.30	---
Treat. time	RMG	.01	.01	.103	.19	.02	.05	−.06	---
9. T. current sit	RG	.11	.13	.18	−.14	.22	−.06	−.25	.26	---
9. T. current sit	RMG	.12	.11	.12	.07	.18	−.01	−.05	−.07	---
10. N. rec	RG	.40	.04	.02	.22	−.04	−.09	−.04	.37*	−.07

Characteristics	Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1.BAI
2. BDI
3. GSI
4. PST
5.PSDI
6. Age	GR	−.05	−.04	.03	.10	.10	---
	RMG	.23	.23*	.14	−.02	.21	---
	NCG	.04	-.14	−.22	−.01	−.22	---
7. Marital status	GR	−.08	.04	−.02	.09	.11	-.03	---
	RMG	−.22	−.41**	−.33**	.04	−.16	.06	---
	NCG	−.14	.02	−.05	−.05	−.01	.05	---
8. Education	GR	−.06	.09	.04	−.01	−.25	−.09	−.04	---
	RMG	−.17	−.25*	−.11	−.01	−.02	−.20	−.05	---
	NCG	−.10	.00	.15	.05	.17	−.24*	−.01	---
Family income	GR	−.34	−.20	−.20	.13	−.30	.35	.41*	.33	---
	RMG	−.24*	−.23	−.22	−.15	−.13	.07	.27*	.27*	---
	NCG	.00	−.01	.00	.06	−.02	−.21	.19	.26*	---
10. Religion	GR	.14	−.135	−.25	−.14	−.09	.18	.18	−.09	.18	---
	RMG	.00	.112	.08	.00	.09	.17	.05	−.04	−.03	---
	NCG	−.09	−.17	−.197	.08	−.15	.03	.15	.16	.10	---
11. Child age	GR	−.48**	−.36**	−.46**	.11	−.41**	.29	.03	−.06	.30	.11
	RMG	−.17	.04	.01	.04	.01	.12	−.11	.02	−.03	.03
	NCG	−.09	−.17	−.20	.08	−.15	.21	.16	−.21	.00	.11

Brasil