Solubility and availability of micronutrients extracted from silicate agrominerals

Marchi, Giuliano; Guelfi-Silva, Douglas Ramos; Malaquias, Juaci Vitória; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães; Spehar, Carlos Roberto; Martins, Eder de Souza

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2020.v55.00807

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Thematic Issue - Regional Agrominerals • Pesq. agropec. bras. 55 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2020.v55.00807 copy

Solubility and availability of micronutrients extracted from silicate agrominerals

Solubilidade e disponibilidade de micronutrientes extraídos de agrominerais silicáticos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to evaluate the solubility of the micronutrients copper, nickel, and zinc, chemically extracted from silicate agrominerals, as alternative sources of potassium for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and rice (Oryza sativa) cultures, as well as their availability to the plants. The micronutrient contents of five agrominerals (alkaline ultramafic, biotite schist, volcanic breccia, phlogopite schist, and mining by-product from Chapada) were evaluated, after being extracted by the citric acid, hydrochloric acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 3051A, neutral ammonium citrate, and Mehlich-3 methods. The agrominerals, at the doses of 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 kg ha^-1 K, were mixed to soil where lettuce and rice were cultivated. The agrominerals presented a low solubility of Ni, Cu, and Zn, with lower contents in lettuce shoots and rice grains than the corresponding soluble standards in sulfate form. The availability of micronutrients to the plants increased with the use of agrominerals, in comparison with the control. Similarities were observed in micronutrient solubility and availability between the different groups of agrominerals. The solubility and availability of Cu, Ni, and Zn depend on the solubility of the minerals that compose the agrominerals.

Index terms:
copper; mining by-product; nickel; nutrient availability; zinc

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[1] *Corresponding author: giuliano.marchi@embrapa.br

Agromineral	K	P	Ca	Mg	Si	Al	Fe	Ti	Mn	Cr	Na	Pb	As	Cd	Mo	Cu	Ni	Zn
Agromineral	----------------------------(mg g^-1)----------------------------										---------------------(mg kg^-1)---------------------
Ultramafic	25.7	5.3	92.9	111.6	184.3	37.9	98.5	17.2	1.7	1.16	12.7	19.1	2.3	0.1	3.4	87	444	93
Biotite schist	17.2	0.3	37.7	83.8	246.5	55.3	71.0	2.7	1.4	1.51	6.4	10.3	0.6	<0.1	5.8	54	228	151
Breccia	18.1	4.1	64.5	42.8	183.7	66.7	89.7	26.9	1.5	0.14	2.3	6.2	<0.5	<0.1	1.0	92	142	52
Phlogopite	64.0	0.9	7.0	138.0	215.5	55.4	52.1	1.1	1.6	4.24	1.2	8.9	<0.5	0.4	102.8	13	432	149
BPC⁽³⁾	28.1	0.8	22.8	23.4	268.0	82.5	56.1	2.0	0.4	0.03	12.0	34.8	<0.5	0.7	9.9	448	20	124

Agromineral	200 kg ha^-1 K					400 kg ha^-1 K					600 kg ha^-1 K
	TA of agromineral		Cu	Ni	Zn	TA of agromineral		Cu	Ni	Zn	TA of agromineral		Cu	Ni	Zn
	(g per pot)	(g kg^-1)	--(mg kg^-1 soil)--			(g per pot)	(g kg^-1)	--(mg kg^-1 soil)--			(g per pot)	(g kg^-1)	--(mg kg^-1 soil)--
Ultramafic	11.66	3.9	0.34	1.73	0.36	23.33	7.78	0.68	3.45	0.72	35.0	11.7	1.01	5.18	1.08
Biotite schist	17.47	5.8	0.31	1.33	0.88	34.93	11.64	0.63	2.65	1.76	52.4	17.5	0.94	3.98	2.64
Breccia	16.58	5.5	0.51	0.24	0.29	33.17	11.06	1.02	0.47	0.57	49.7	16.6	1.53	0.71	0.86
Phlogopite	4.69	1.6	0.02	0.68	0.23	9.38	3.13	0.04	1.35	0.47	14.1	4.7	0.06	2.03	0.7
BPC⁽²⁾	10.66	3.5	1.59	0.07	0.44	21.33	7.11	3.19	0.14	0.88	32.0	10.7	4.78	0.21	1.32

Agromineral	Method⁽²⁾
Agromineral	3051A	Citric acid	Hydrochloric acid	NAC	Mehlich 3	DTPA	Aqua regia
	Copper
Ultramafic	13.8 (0.7, 15.9)	4.3 (1.4, 4.9)	47.2 (1.9, 54.1)	6.7 (2.1, 7.7)	1.1 (0.1, 1.3)	0.8 (0.0, 1.0)	87
Biotite schist	4.3 (0.3, 7.9)	1.9 (0.4, 3.6)	5.7 (1.2, 10.5)	9.6 (4.7, 17.8)	0.6 (0.1, 1.1)	0.07 (0.0, 0.1)	54
Breccia	10.7 (1.9, 11.6)	3.9 (0.7, 4.2)	31.1 (0.8, 33.8)	9.0 (1.3, 9.8)	0.5 (0.1, 0.6)	0.1 (0.0, 0.1)	92
Phlogopite	2.0 (1.2, 15.1)	3.7 (2.0, 28.0)	6.0 (1.0, 45.3)	7.2 (2.2, 54.0)	0.8 (0.2, 5.9)	0.1 (0.0, 0.7)	13
BPC⁽³⁾	75.8 (4.8, 16.9)	131.2 (6.5, 29.3)	178.9 (114.4, 39.9)	135.9 (14.2, 30.3)	110.4 (13.0, 24.6)	18.9 (2.7, 4.2)	448
	Nickel
Ultramafic	9.2 (4.0, 2.1)	51.3 (6.6, 11.6)	205.6 (37.1, 46.3)	35.3 (1.1, 7.9)	1.8 (0.1, 0.4)	0.2 (0.04, <0.1)	444
Biotite schist	1.2 (0.04, 0.5)	4.5 (1.5, 2.0)	36.2 (6.2, 15.9)	4.8 (4.5, 2.1)	0.6 (0.2, 0.2)	0.04 (0.01, <0.1)	228
Breccia	0.9 (0.1, 0.6)	4.5 (1.3, 3.2)	67.1 (2.8, 47.3)	7.0 (1.9, 5.0)	0.3 (0.1, 0.2)	0.1 (0.05, <0.1)	142
Phlogopite	5.7 (1.3, 1.3)	12.8 (1.2, 3.0)	108.8 (37.2, 25.2)	14.4 (2.5, 3.3)	4.5 (0.2, 1.0)	0.3 (<0.01, <0.1)	432
BPC	0.2 (0.03, 1.0)	3.2 (1.2, 15.8)	7.6 (1.2, 38.0)	4.1 (2.6, 20.6)	0.2 ( <0.01, 0.6)	0.01 (0.01, <0.1)	20
	Zinc
Ultramafic	15.3 (1.7, 16.5)	22.4 (5.4, 24.1)	77.4 (4.4, 83.2)	5.4 (2.2, 5.9)	0.9 (1.0, 1.0)	1.2 (0.2, 1.3)	93
Biotite schist	18.4 (1.6, 12.2)	8.1 (3.5, 5.4)	63.7 (10.6, 42,2)	9.1 (4.1, 6.0)	0.3 (0.1, 0.2)	0.2 (0.1, 0.2)	151
Breccia	8.6 (1.6, 16.5)	9.6 (2.0, 18.5)	95.3 (31.0, 183.2)	9.1 (0.1, 17.5)	0.3 (0.1, 0.5)	0.6 (0.03, 1.2)	52
Phlogopite	21.1 (1.0, 14.2)	5.0 (1.8, 3.4)	44.7 (3.1, 30.0)	0.05 (0.1, 0.03)	0.2 (0.04, 0.2)	0.3 (0.1, 0.2)	149
BPC	16.6 (1.8, 13.4)	20.8 (7.8, 16.7)	63.1 (1.2, 50.9)	6.6 (4.0, 5.3)	0.4 (0.1, 0.4)	0.6 (0.1, 0.5)	124

Agromineral	Relative content (%)
	At 0.5 mg kg^-1 Cu		At 0.4 mg kg^-1 Ni		At 0.5 mg kg^-1 Zn
	Lettuce	Rice	Lettuce	Rice	Lettuce	Rice
Ultramafic	45.51	47.97	6.87	3.98	22.08	10.20
Biotite schist	13.15	92.96	3.88	4.94	20.41	26.82
Breccia	15.22	84.38	27.09	55.16	27.86	58.62
Phlogopite	-	-	15.79	14.06	57.64	79.49
BPC⁽¹⁾	12.13	28.59	-	-	14.53	23.37

Agromineral group⁽²⁾	Plant	Method⁽³⁾
Agromineral group⁽²⁾	Plant	3051A	Citric acid	Hydrochloric acid	NAC	Mehlich-3	DTPA	Aqua regia
		Copper (correlation coefficient; p-value)
Ultramafic, biotite schist (BS), and breccia	LS	0.78; 0.42	0.67; 0.53	0.83; 0.38	-0.99; 0.08	0.981; 0.12	1.00; 0.02	0.44; 0.71
Ultramafic, BS, and breccia	RG	-0.85; 0.34	-0.76; 0.45	-0.89; 0.30	1.00; <0.01	-0.95; 0.20	-0.99; 0.09	-0.55; 0.63
BS, breccia, and BPC⁽⁴⁾	LS	-0.70; 0.51	-0.75; 0.46	-0.66; 0.54	-0.76; 0.45	-0.75; 0.45	-0.75; 0.46	-0.69; 0.51
BS, breccia, and BPC	RG	-0.99; 0.03	-0.99; 0.07	-1.00; <0.01	-0.99; 0.08	-0.99; 0.08	-0.99; 0.08	-0.99; 0.02
		Nickel (correlation coefficient; p-value)
Ultramafic, BS, and flogopite	LS	0.31; 0.80	-0.11; 0.93	0.16; 0.90	0.03; 0.98	0.99; 0.04	0.89; 0.30	0.66; 0.54
Ultramafic, BS, and flogopite	RG	-0.02; 0.99	-0.43;0.72	-0.17; 0.89	-0.29; 0.81	0.92; 0.25	0.70; 0.51	0.38; 0.75
Ultramafic, breccia, and flogopite	LS	-1.00; 0.01	-0.911; 0.27	-0.96; 0.19	-0.94; 0.21	-0.41; 0.73	-0.65; 0.55	-0.91; 0.27
BS, breccia, and flogopite	RG	-0.40; 0.74	-0.34; 0.77	0.08; 0.95	-0.12; 0.92	-0.40; 0.74	-0.19; 0.87	-0.60; 0.59
		Zinc (correlation coefficient; p-value)
Ultramafic, BS, breccia, flogopite, and BPC	LS	0.41; 0.49	-0.67; 0.21	-0.51; 0.38	-0.81; 0.09	-0.43; 0.47	-0.34; 0.58	0.27; 0.66
Ultramafic, BS, breccia, flogopite, and BPC	RG	0.08; 0.90	-0.80; 0.10	-0.26; 0.67	-0.50; 0.39	-0.76; 0.14	-0.55; 0.33	0.04; 0.95
Ultramafic, BS, flogopite and BPC	LS	0.84; 0.16	-0.70; 0.30	-0.80; 0.19	-0.90; 0.09	-0.46; 0.54	-0.34; 0.66	0.44; 0.56
Ultramafic, BS, flogopite and BPC	RG	0.94; 0.05	-0.79; 0.21	-0.96; 0.04	-0.81; 0.19	-0.72; 0.27	-0.60; 0.40	0.67; 0.33