Productive potential and quality of pitaya with nitrogen fertilization

Alves, Deilson de Almeida; Cruz, Maria do Céu Monteiro; Lima, João Esdras; Santos, Núbia Cassiana; Rabelo, Josimara Mendes; Barroso, Fernanda de Lima

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01882

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Pomology, Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 56 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01882 copy

Productive potential and quality of pitaya with nitrogen fertilization

Potencial produtivo e qualidade de pitaia com fertilização nitrogenada

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine adequate rates of nitrogen to reach satisfactory yield, fruit quality, and cladode nutrient content in three species of pitaya. The experimental design was carried out in randomized complete blocks, with a 3×4 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of the following pitaya species and N rates: Selenicereus megalanthus, Hylocereus undatus, and Hylocereus polyrhizus; and 0, 50, 100, and 200 g N per plant, in the first production cycle (2016/2017 crop season) and 50, 100, 200, and 300 g N per plant, in the second and third production cycles (2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons). Nitrogen fertilization increased the yield, fruit quality, and cladode nutrient content of the species. In the third production cycle, yield was 1.18 Mg ha^-1 for S. megalanthus, 10.87 Mg ha^-1 for H. undatus, and 10.4 Mg ha^-1 for H. polyrhizus in open pollination. The highest yield is obtained with 300 g N per plant for S. megalanthus. For H. polyrhizus and H. undatus the rates are from 170 to 190 g N per plant, supplemented with P and K.

Index terms:
Hylocereus ; Selenicereus megalanthus ; dragon fruit; mineral fertilization; orchard management; yield

Variable	CV (%)	S. megalanthus	R²	Maximum value	H. undatus	R²	Maximum value	H. polyrhizus	R²	Maximum value
	First production cycle (2016/2017 crop season)
Number of fruit per plant	48.9	Ŷ=1.3^ns ns Nonsignificant.		1.30	Ŷ=3.15^ns ns Nonsignificant.		3.15	Ŷ=3.722 + 0.03999x^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	87.5	11.72
Production (kg per plant)	43.8	Ŷ=0.085^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.085	Ŷ=0.1998 + 0.0148x - 0.00006x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	91.3	1.11	Ŷ=0.8915 + 0.00673x^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	84.5	2.24
Yield (kg ha^-1)	43.7	Ŷ=94.81^ns ns Nonsignificant.		94.81	Ŷ=226.49 + 16.31x - 0.06455x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	91.4	1,256.76	Ŷ=991.59 + 7.4663x^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	84.4	2,484.85
Mass (g)	29.8	Ŷ=56.43^ns ns Nonsignificant.		56.43	Ŷ=207.1 + 1.2455x - 0.0061x²^* * ,	96.1	270.68	Ŷ=217.01^ns ns Nonsignificant.		217.01
Transverse diameter (mm)	15.8	Ŷ=36.55^ns ns Nonsignificant.		36.55	Ŷ=75.9^ns ns Nonsignificant.		75.90	Ŷ=68.25^ns ns Nonsignificant.		68.25
Longitudinal diameter (mm)	18.4	Ŷ=57.99^ns ns Nonsignificant.		57.99	Ŷ=62.8 + 0.4386x - 0.0016x²^* * ,	93.4	92.86	Ŷ=70.46^ns ns Nonsignificant.		70.46
	Second production cycle (2017/2018 crop season)
Number of fruit per plant	22.7	Ŷ=2.61 + 0.03688x^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	99.1	13.67	Ŷ=20.16 + 0.092x - 0.000221x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	88.9	29.73	Ŷ=19.86 + 0.142x - 0.00036x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	99.5	33.86
Production (kg per plant)	23.4	Ŷ=0.375 + 0.0043x^* * ,	98.1	1.67	Ŷ=3.74 + 0.015x - 0.000035x²^* * ,	92.3	5.35	Ŷ=3.72 + 0.023x - 0.000046x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	99.8	6.60
Yield (kg ha^-1)	20.2	Ŷ=417.18 + 4.7815x^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	98.1	1,851.63	Ŷ=4157.12 + 17.45x - 0.0348x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	94.9	6,344.64	Ŷ=4128.21 + 26.18x - 0.061x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	99.8	6,937.20
Mass (g)	25.3	Ŷ=127.89^ns ns Nonsignificant.		127.89	Ŷ=171.01 + 0.2444x^* * ,	84.7	244.33	Ŷ=189.72^ns ns Nonsignificant.		189.72
Transverse diameter (mm)	7.5	Ŷ=48.29^ns ns Nonsignificant.		48.29	Ŷ=62.22 + 0.0232x^* * ,	71.3	69.18	Ŷ=66.39^ns ns Nonsignificant.		66.39
Longitudinal diameter (mm)	7.6	Ŷ=87.87^ns ns Nonsignificant.		87.87	Ŷ=72.88 + 0.0248x^* * ,	77.4	80.32	Ŷ=68.57^ns ns Nonsignificant.		68.57
	Third production cycle (2018/2019 crop season)
Number of fruits per plant	13.8	Ŷ=12.61^ns ns Nonsignificant.		12.61	Ŷ=34.68 + 0.164x - 0.000404x²^* * ,	99.1	51.32	Ŷ=36.53 + 0.2535x - 0.000685x²^* * ,	99.5	59.98
Production (kg per plant)	15.5	Ŷ=1.06^ns ns Nonsignificant.		1.06	Ŷ=6.97 + 0.0298x - 0.000079x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	78.6	9.78	Ŷ=6.78 + 0.0298x - 0.000089x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	96.4	9.27
Yield (kg ha^-1)	11.2	Ŷ=1,184.09^ns ns Nonsignificant.		1,184.09	Ŷ=7759.4 + 32.984x - 0.0873x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	78.3	10,874.93	Ŷ=7025.01 + 38.925x - 0.11226x²^ Different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	95.5	10,399.22
Mass (g)	9.9	Ŷ=86.84^ns ns Nonsignificant.		86.84	Ŷ=196.24^ns ns Nonsignificant.		196.24	Ŷ=160.24^ns ns Nonsignificant.		160.24
Transverse diameter (mm)	5.6	Ŷ=43.49^ns ns Nonsignificant.		43.49	Ŷ=64.2^ns ns Nonsignificant.		64.20	Ŷ=62.34^ns ns Nonsignificant.		62.34
Longitudinal diameter (mm)	5.2	Ŷ=74.34^ns ns Nonsignificant.		74.34	Ŷ=72.9^ns ns Nonsignificant.		72.90	Ŷ=65.43^ns ns Nonsignificant.		65.43

Variables	S. megalanthus	H. undatus	H. polyrhizus
	First production cycle (2016/2017 crop season)
SS (°Brix)	16.89^ns ns Nonsignificant.	16.13^ns ns Nonsignificant.	18.46^ns ns Nonsignificant.
TA (%)	0.18^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.23^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.16^ns ns Nonsignificant.
RAT	90.66^ns ns Nonsignificant.	70.43^ns ns Nonsignificant.	119.44^ns ns Nonsignificant.
	Second production cycle (2017/2018 crop season)
SS (°Brix)	21.15^ns ns Nonsignificant.	13.66^ns ns Nonsignificant.	17.49^ns ns Nonsignificant.
TA (%)	0.55^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.38^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.32^ns ns Nonsignificant.
RAT	42.03^ns ns Nonsignificant.	36.77^ns ns Nonsignificant.	55.88^ns ns Nonsignificant.
	Third production cycle (2018/2019 crop season)
SS (°Brix)	20.17^ns ns Nonsignificant.	16.79^ns ns Nonsignificant.	20.07^ns ns Nonsignificant.
TA (%)	0.37^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.31^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.34^ns ns Nonsignificant.
RAT	56.33^ns ns Nonsignificant.	57.61^ns ns Nonsignificant.	57.21^ns ns Nonsignificant.

Nutrient	CV (%)	S. megalanthus	R²	Value^D D , N dose for higher yield.	H. undatus	R²	Value^D D , N dose for higher yield.	H. polyrhizus	R²	Value^D D , N dose for higher yield.
		September 2016
N	12.1	Ŷ=4.31 + 0.0217x^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	93.5	8.65	Ŷ=3.92 + 0.0161x^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	93.2	5.95	Ŷ=4.07 + 0.0191x^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	95.6	7.89
P	45.8	Ŷ=1.51 - 0.0183x + 0.000069x²^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	86.3	0.61	Ŷ=0.59^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.59	Ŷ=0.41^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.41
K	11.2	Ŷ=22.61 - 0.0251x^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	97.8	17.59	Ŷ=19.94^ns ns Nonsignificant.		19.94	Ŷ=16.87 - 0.0231x^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	74.8	12.25
Ca	18.6	Ŷ=23.11 - 0.1628x + 0.000485x²^* * ,	83.0	9.95	Ŷ=22.59^ns ns Nonsignificant.		22.59	Ŷ=23.97 - 0.068x^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	95.8	10.37
Mg	25.3	Ŷ=7.02 - 0.0702x + 0.000237x²^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	96.9	2.46	Ŷ=3.74^ns ns Nonsignificant.		3.74	Ŷ=4.79 - 0.043x + 0.000142x²^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	96.5	1.87
N^D D , N dose for higher yield.		200			126.3			200
		September 2017
N	14.2	Ŷ=7.49 + 0.0321x^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	75.9	17.12	Ŷ=7.48^ns ns Nonsignificant.		7.48	Ŷ=13.82^ns ns Nonsignificant.		13.82
P	20.8	Ŷ=2.46 - 0.014x + 0.000034x²^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	80.9	1.32	Ŷ=0.78^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.78	Ŷ=0.87^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.87
K	17.6	Ŷ=29.44 + 0.0494x^ , different at 5% and 1% probability, by the t-test.	82.8	44.26	Ŷ=25.17 + 0.0297x^* * ,	91.7	32.62	Ŷ=26.4^ns ns Nonsignificant.		26.4
Ca	31.5	Ŷ=34.55^ns ns Nonsignificant.		34.55	Ŷ=37.67^ns ns Nonsignificant.		37.67	Ŷ=37.15^ns ns Nonsignificant.		37.15
Mg	15.6	Ŷ=7.57^ns ns Nonsignificant.		7.57	Ŷ=7.7^ns ns Nonsignificant.		7.7	Ŷ=7.3^ns ns Nonsignificant.		7.3
N^D D , N dose for higher yield.		300			250.7			214.6
		September 2018
N	19.8	Ŷ=14.78^ns ns Nonsignificant.		14.78	Ŷ=12.1^ns ns Nonsignificant.		12.1	Ŷ=9.93^ns ns Nonsignificant.		9.93
P	15.7	Ŷ=2.62^ns ns Nonsignificant.		2.62	Ŷ=1.93^ns ns Nonsignificant.		1.93	Ŷ=1.68^ns ns Nonsignificant.		1.68
K	24.1	Ŷ=44.77^ns ns Nonsignificant.		44.77	Ŷ=35.72^ns ns Nonsignificant.		35.72	Ŷ=27.17^ns ns Nonsignificant.		27.17
Ca	18.5	Ŷ=0.29^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.29	Ŷ=0.34^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.34	Ŷ=0.33^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.33
Mg	23.5	Ŷ=0.06^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.06	Ŷ=0.05^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.05	Ŷ=0.04^ns ns Nonsignificant.		0.04
N^D D , N dose for higher yield.		300			188.9			173.4

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