Nitrogen fertilization on the agro-economic performance of sesame in the Brazilian semiarid

Santos, Manoel Galdino dos; Souza, Ênio Gomes Flôr; Souza, Leonardo Vieira de; Pereira, Luiz Aurelio Freitas; Souza, Almir Rogerio Evangelista de; Barros Júnior, Aurélio Paes; Bezerra Neto, Francisco; Silveira, Lindomar Maria da

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01928

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Economics • Pesq. agropec. bras. 56 • Jan-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01928 copy

Nitrogen fertilization on the agro-economic performance of sesame in the Brazilian semiarid

Adubação nitrogenada no desempenho agroeconômico do gergelim no semiárido brasileiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) under nitrogen fertigation in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot, where the plots were assigned five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha^-1) and the sub-plots were represented by four sesame genotypes ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4', and 'BRS Seda'). The following variables were evaluated in two agricultural harvests in 2016: gross and net incomes, rate of return, and profit margin. In both harvests, there was a variation in production costs between N rates. In the second harvest, the highest values of net income were achieved with 120 kg ha^-1 N fertigation, being: R$7,428.36 ha^-1 for 'CNPA G2', R$8,630.74 ha^-1 for 'CNPA G3', R$9,828.64 ha^-1 for 'CNPA G4', and R$8,354.06 ha^-1 for 'BRS Seda'. Increasing N rates provide an increase in the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profit margin for sesame producers. Fertigation with 120 kg ha^-1 N provides the maximum agro-economic performance for sesame, whereas the 'CNPA G4' genotype shows the greatest agro-economic efficiency.

Index terms:
Sesamum indicum; net income; nitrogen fertigation; profit margin

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[1] *Corresponding author: manoel.galdino5@gmail.com

N rate (kg ha^-1)	Genotype	Grain productivity (kg ha^-1)
N rate (kg ha^-1)	Genotype	1^st harvest	2^nd harvest
0	'CNPA G2'	606.40	1,198.94
	'CNPA G3'	907.83	1,046.72
	'CNPA G4'	988.86	1,646.53
	'BRS Seda'	794.07	1,074.39
30	'CNPA G2'	812.41	1,223.48
	'CNPA G3'	918.33	1,261.60
	'CNPA G4'	992.50	1,691.43
	'BRS Seda'	815.00	1,356.44
60	'CNPA G2'	839.89	1,279.56
	'CNPA G3'	1,009.16	1,481.75
	'CNPA G4'	992.50	1,699.48
	'BRS Seda'	864.83	1,400.09
90	'CNPA G2'	908.43	1,597.48
	'CNPA G3'	1,653.32	1,557.59
	'CNPA G4'	999.75	1,710.73
	'BRS Seda'	1,069.96	1,685.14
120	'CNPA G2'	1,268.67	1,724.05
	'CNPA G3'	1,703.84	1,886.41
	'CNPA G4'	1,542.67	2,037.70
	'BRS Seda'	1,649.00	1,827.74

Discrimination		Unit	1^st harvest		2^nd harvest
I. Expenditure on crop cultivation costs		Unit	Amount	R$	Amount	R$
1. Machine rental: tractor with disk harrow, tractor with limestone distributor		h	2.50	275.00	2.50	275.00
2. Labor
	Installing the irrigation system	Daily	3.00	120.00	3.00	120.00
	Seeding	Daily	3.00	120.00	3.00	120.00
	Thinning	Daily	3.00	120.00	3.00	120.00
	Irrigation and/or fertigation	h	81.00	405.00	98.00	490.00
	Hand weeding (hoeing)	Daily	3.00	120.00	3.00	120.00
	Spraying (insecticide)	h	15.00	600.00	11.00	440.00
	Manual harvesting (cutting and stacking)	Daily	10.00	400.00	10.00	400.00
	Milling and sifting	Daily	6.00	240.00	6.00	240.00
3. Sesame seed		kg	3.00	24.00	3.00	24.00
4. Fertilizers
	Urea (45% N) for 120 kg ha^-1 N	kg	266.67	426.67	266.67	426.67
	Potassium chloride (60% K₂O)	kg	100	152.00	66.67	101.34
	Single superphosphate (18% P₂O₅)	kg	444.45	533.34	444.45	533.34
5. Agricultural defensives: insecticide		L	3.25	240.40	2.10	182.07
6. Others
	Electricity for irrigation	kWh	372.30	141.47	431.43	163.94
	Soil analysis	Unit	1.00	30.00	1.00	30.00
	Individual protection equipment	Unit	1.00	30.00	1.00	30.00
Subtotal (A)				3,947.89		3,786.36
II. Other expenses
7. Administrative expenses (3% of the cost of the crop)				118.44		113.59
8. Technical assistance (2% of the cost of the crop)				78.96		75.73
9. Brazilian taxation on rural properties (R$10.00 per year)				3.01		2.88
Subtotal (B)				200.41		192.19
III. Financial expenses
10. Interest on financing (7.49% per year)				89.20		81.66
Subtotal (C)				89.20		81.66
Variable cost (A+B+C=D)				4,234.49		4,060.22
IV. Depreciation
11. Depreciation of facilities⁽¹⁾				899.73		858.84
Subtotal (E)				899.73		858.84
V. Other fixed costs
12. Maintenance of facilities (1% per year)				35.63		34.01
Subtotal (F)				35.63		34.01
Fixed cost (E+F=G)				935.37		892.85
Operational cost (D+G=H)				5,172.86		4,953.07
VI. Income from other factors
13. Remuneration on fixed capital (6% per year)				213.81		204.09
14. Rent (R$1.200,00 ha^-1 per year)				361.64		345.21
Subtotal (I)				575.45		549.30
Total cost (H+I=J)
120 kg ha^-1 N				5,748.31		5,502.36
90 kg ha^-1 N				5,633.90		5,388.06
60 kg ha^-1 N				5,519.48		5,273.75
30 kg ha^-1 N				5,405.08		5,159.46
0 kg ha^-1 N				5,290.67		5,045.16