Selection of superior cowpea lines derived from local cultivars for the Brazilian semiarid region

Lopes, Anna Flávia de Sousa; Aragão, Walter Frazão Lelis de; Damasceno-Silva, Kaesel Jackson; Rocha, Maurisrael de Moura

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03391

Anna Flávia de Sousa Lopes

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Ininga, CEP 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-6485

Walter Frazão Lelis de Aragão

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Ininga, CEP 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-6656

Kaesel Jackson Damasceno-Silva

Embrapa Meio-Norte, Avenida Duque de Caxias, n^o 5.650, Buenos Aires, Caixa Postal 001, CEP 64008-780 Teresina, PI, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-216X

Maurisrael de Moura Rocha Corresponding author

Embrapa Meio-Norte, Avenida Duque de Caxias, n^o 5.650, Buenos Aires, Caixa Postal 001, CEP 64008-780 Teresina, PI, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5817-2794

Corresponding author

Tables (6)

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Table 1
Number, name/code, origin, and commercial subclass of the evaluated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes.

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Table 2
Visual scoring scale used to classify the commercial grain quality of the evaluated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes.

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Table 3
Deviance analysis, chi-square test, and variance component estimates for the traits number of days to the onset of flowering (DOF), pod length (PLNT), number of grains per pod (NGP), 100-grain weight (W100G), grain yield, and commercial grain quality (CGQ) of 38 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes evaluated in 2021 in the municipality of Ipiranga do Piauí, in the state of Piauí, Brazil.

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Table 4
Individual classification of 38 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes based on the simultaneous selection of five traits using the sum of ranks index of Mulamba & Mock (1978)MULAMBA, N.N.; MOCK, J.J. Improvement of yield potential of the Eto Blanco maize (Zea mays L.) population by breeding for plant traits. Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, v.7, p.40-51, 1978., carried out in 2021 in the municipality of Ipiranga do Piauí, in the state of Piauí, Brazil.

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Table 5
General and specific selection gains for the traits number of days to the onset of flowering (DOF), pod length (PLNT), number of seeds per pod (NGP), 100-seed weight (W100G), and grain yield (GY) obtained through the sum of ranks index of Mulamba & Mock (1978)MULAMBA, N.N.; MOCK, J.J. Improvement of yield potential of the Eto Blanco maize (Zea mays L.) population by breeding for plant traits. Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, v.7, p.40-51, 1978. for the 14 best cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes evaluated in 2021 in the municipality of Ipiranga do Piauí, in the state of Piauí, Brazil.

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Table 6
General average for the traits number of days to the onset of flowering (DOF), pod length (PLNT), number of seeds per pod (NGP), 100-seed weight (W100G), and grain yield (GY) of the three best cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) lines based on the simultaneous selection of these traits using the sum of ranks index of Mulamba & Mock (1978)MULAMBA, N.N.; MOCK, J.J. Improvement of yield potential of the Eto Blanco maize (Zea mays L.) population by breeding for plant traits. Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, v.7, p.40-51, 1978., carried out in 2021 in the municipality of Ipiranga do Piauí, in the state of Piauí, Brazil.

N^o	Name/Code	Origin⁽¹⁾	Commercial subclass
1	Bico de Ouro-17-10	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
2	Pingo de Ouro-17-18	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
3	Bico de Ouro-17-19	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
4	Bico de Ouro-17-20	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
5	Bico de Ouro-17-21	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
6	Bico de Ouro-17-23	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
7	Bico de Ouro-17-24	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
8	Bico de Ouro-17-33	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
9	Bico de Ouro-17-35	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
10	Bico de Ouro-17-37	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
11	Bico de Ouro-17-38	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
12	Bico de Ouro-17-43	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
13	Bico de Ouro-17-44	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
14	Bico de Ouro-17-45	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
15	Bico de Ouro-17-46	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
16	Bico de Ouro-17-47	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
17	Bico de Ouro-17-48	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
18	Bico de Ouro-17-53	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
19	Pingo de Ouro-17-61	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
20	Pingo de Ouro-17-62	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
21	Bico de Ouro-17-64	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
22	Bico de Ouro-17-65	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
23	Pingo de Ouro-17-68	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
24	Pingo de Ouro-17-69	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
25	Pingo de Ouro-17-70	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
26	Pingo de Ouro-17-72	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
27	Pingo de Ouro-17-75	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
28	Bico de Ouro-17-80	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
29	Bico de Ouro-17-81	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
30	Bico de Ouro-17-82	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
31	Bico de Ouro-17-83	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
32	Bico de Ouro-17-86	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
33	Bico de Ouro-17-87	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
34	Bico de Ouro-17-89	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
35	Bico de Ouro-17-92	Bico de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Sempre-verde
36	Pingo de Ouro-17-96	Pingo de Ouro from Ipiranga-PI	Canapu
37	'BRS Inhuma'	Inhuma	Canapu
38	'BRS Pajeu'	CNCx405-17F x TE94-268-3D	Mulato

Grade	Commercial grain quality
1	Very bad: grain with a high postharvest color loss, non-reniform shape, number of grains per 100 grams below 400 or above 500, and presence of defects (cracks in the tegument and/or fish bill).
2	Bad: grain with a high postharvest color loss, non-reniform shape, number of grains per 100 grams below 400 or above 500, and no defects.
3	Regular: grain with a low postharvest color loss, non-reniform shape, number of grains per 100 grams between 400 to 500, and no defects.
4	Good: grain with a low postharvest color loss, reniform shape, number of grains per 100 grams between 400 and 500, and no defects.
5	Excellent: grain with no or a low postharvest color loss, reniform shape, and number of grains per 100 grams between 400 to 500, and no defects.

Effects	DOF	PLNT	NGP	W100G	Grain yield	CGQ⁽¹⁾
Complete model	161.00	247.53	188.65	232.78	925.69	-199.11
Genotypes	173.38	251.53	193.02	240.00	937.40	-196.65
LRT (χ² (2) LRT, likelihood ratio test. )⁽²⁾	12.38^ represent the chi-square test at 5 and 1% probability, respectively.	4.17^* * and	4.37^* * and	7.22^ represent the chi-square test at 5 and 1% probability, respectively.	11.71^ represent the chi-square test at 5 and 1% probability, respectively.	2.46^ns
Parameter⁽³⁾
σ² (2) LRT, likelihood ratio test. _g	1.85	3.25	1.51	3.59	55,089.18	0.0060
σ² (2) LRT, likelihood ratio test. _e	1.62	6.72	3.01	4.94	50,699.87	0.0175
σ² (2) LRT, likelihood ratio test. _f	3.47	9.98	4.52	8.54	105,789.06	0.0224
h² (2) LRT, likelihood ratio test. _g	0.53	0.32	0.33	0.42	0.52	0.2538
h² (2) LRT, likelihood ratio test. _mg	0.69	0.49	0.50	0.59	0.68	0.4048
${\hat{r}}_{\hat{g} \hat{g}}$	0.83	0.70	0.70	0.76	0.82	0.6363
CV_r	1.06	0.69	0.70	0.85	1.04	0.5832
Overall average	40.62	19.65	14.74	19.93	987.34	1.9542
Initial average⁽⁴⁾	-	-	-	-	-	4.0

Mulamba & Mock’s sum of ranks index
Geno-type	DOF	PLNT	NGP	W100G	Grain yield	Sum of ranks⁽¹⁾
1	24	34	17	35	6	116
2	1	14	10	21	19	65
3	4	27	29	32	17	109
4	27	25	20	27	27	126
5	6	4	18	4	10	42
6	7	28	21	7	20	83
7	10	23	13	37	8	91
8	2	13	27	6	13	61
9	21	20	24	36	34	135
10	11	38	37	22	32	140
11	12	21	28	12	14	87
12	13	29	33	19	5	99
13	8	31	36	25	28	128
14	14	37	26	26	33	136
15	5	36	31	33	2	107
16	15	33	34	30	23	135
17	9	19	22	20	26	96
18	16	30	23	24	3	96
19	28	10	4	8	36	86
20	36	5	6	9	35	91
21	25	24	32	29	31	141
22	30	15	14	13	22	94
23	32	6	7	5	16	66
24	31	3	1	1	9	45
25	38	1	11	15	37	102
26	33	7	2	11	38	91
27	29	17	25	23	24	118
28	26	11	30	3	1	71
29	17	12	19	16	4	68
30	18	35	38	28	12	131
31	22	16	9	17	29	93
32	37	22	3	38	18	118
33	34	32	35	31	30	162
34	23	8	12	18	15	76
35	35	18	15	34	21	123
36	19	2	5	2	7	35
37	20	26	16	10	11	83
38	3	9	8	14	25	59

Geno-type	Rank index	DOF (day)	PLNT (cm)	NGP	W100G (g)	GY (kg ha^-1)
Geno-type	Rank index	Specific gain (%)⁽¹⁾
36	1	-0.90	10.12	-8.63	13.24	17.69
5	2	-2.61	7.37	7.33	10.77	11.65
24	3	2.52	9.37	13.78	14.75	14.67
38	4	-4.33	3.86	4.27	2.25	-5.15
8	5	-6.04	0.86	-3.54	10.09	7.75
2	6	-6.04	0.11	3.25	-2.86	3.47
23	7	3.38	5.62	6.31	10.47	5.65
29	8	-0.90	1.11	-0.14	1.67	23.52
28	9	0.81	2.36	-4.56	12.85	55.50
34	10	-0.05	5.62	3.25	-0.25	7.20
6	11	-1.76	-3.90	-1.16	6.58	2.03
37	12	-0.90	-3.02	2.06	4.91	9.30
19	13	-1.67	6.61	7.33	6.50	-32.08
11	14	-0.90	-2.14	-3.88	4.12	7.42
General gain⁽²⁾		-1.15	2.93	1.83	6.79	9.19

Geno-type⁽¹⁾	DOF (day)	PLNT (cm)	NGP	W100G (g)	GY (kg ha^-1)
36	40.99	23.22	16.13	22.72	1,255.60
5	40.81	22.26	15.49	22.65	1,216.10
24	42.05	22.65	16.77	22.87	1,228.70
37	40.96	20.16	15.55	21.84	1,203.70
38	40.66	21.40	15.93	21.51	1,096.30

[1] Corresponding author

Brasil

Brasil

Selection of superior cowpea lines derived from local cultivars for the Brazilian semiarid region

Seleção de linhagens superiores de feijão-caupi derivadas de cultivares locais para a região semiárida brasileira

Abstract