Tolerance of soybean cultivars to flooding stress in vegetative growth stages

The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars to flooding stress at different growth stages. The experiment was arranged in a 2x2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sowing dates (October and November), two soybean cultivars (TECIRGA 6070RR and NA 5909 RG), and five growth stages (SE-EM, EM-VC, VC-V2, V2-V4, and V6-V8) in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 crop years. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. For both evaluated soybean cultivars, the growth stage most sensitive to soil flooding was SE-EM. After seedling emergence, the highest reductions in leaf area and shoot dry matter were observed in the V2-V4 stage, regardless of cultivar, sowing date, and crop year. From the V4 stage onwards, soybean shows a higher tolerance to flooding conditions. However, after seedling emergence, the TECIRGA 6070RR cultivar has a higher tolerance to flooding stress than NA 5909 RG. Sowing in October tends to reduce the impact of flooding stress on the plants.

Index terms
Glycine max; phenology; rice-soybean rotation; soil flooding; sowing dates

Authorship

Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen Corresponding author

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, n^o 1.000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaBrazilSanta Maria, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, n^o 1.000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-5972

Sidinei José Lopes

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-541X

Alencar Junior Zanon

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7194-9833

Isabel Lago

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-7039

Valeria Pohlmann

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-599X

Menigui Spanevello Dalcin

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5919-2252

Pâmela Nunes Bittencourt

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-7500

Vanessa Gonçalves Saccol

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-9040

Corresponding author

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (5)

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Figure 1
Minimum (A) and maximum (C) air temperatures and global solar radiation (B) and photoperiod (D) inside the greenhouse during the experiment in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 crop years, in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Figure 2
Images showing soybean (Glycine max) seeds damaged after soil flooding (A) and pots with no seedling emergence (B) in the sowing-emergence stage, as well comparing soybean plants from the control treatment with those subjected to flooding in the emergence-cotyledon (C) and cotyledon-first fully expanded trifoliate leaf (D) stages. Photos by Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen.

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Figure 3
Increase in the leaf area of the NA 5909 RG and TECIRGA 6070RR soybean (Glycine max) cultivars determined by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability, at four growth stages under soil flooding conditions in the October and November sowing dates in the 2018/2019 crop year. Arrows show the minimum significant difference according to Tukey’s test. Treatments containing overlapping arrows are assumed to have no significant differences in mean values. EM-VC, emergence-cotyledons; VC-V2, cotyledons-first fully expanded trifoliate leaf; V2-V4, first fully expanded trifoliate leaf-third fully expanded trifoliate leaf; and V6-V8, fifth fully expanded trifoliate leaf-seventh fully expanded trifoliate leaf.

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Figure 4
Mean increases in leaf area (A) and plant height (B), including average standard deviation, of the NA 5909 RG and TECIRGA 6070RR soybean (Glycine max) cultivars at four growth stages under soil flooding conditions in the October and November sowing dates in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 crop years, when compared with the control plants (without excess water). EM-VC, emergence-cotyledons; VC-V2, cotyledons-first fully expanded trifoliate leaf; V2-V4, first fully expanded trifoliate leaf-third fully expanded trifoliate leaf; and V6-V8, fifth fully expanded trifoliate leaf-seventh fully expanded trifoliate leaf.

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Figure 5
Mean comparison by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability, for: dry matter increase ratio of the NA 5909 RG and TECIRGA 6070RR soybean (Glycine max) cultivars at four growth stages under soil flooding conditions in the October and November sowing dates in the 2018/2019 crop year (A); and interactions between season and treatment (B) and between cultivar and treatment (C) for soybean dry matter in 2019/2020. Arrows show the minimum significant difference according to Tukey’s test. Treatments containing overlapping arrows are assumed to have no significant differences in mean values.

Figure 1 Minimum (A) and maximum (C) air temperatures and global solar radiation (B) and photoperiod (D) inside the greenhouse during the experiment in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 crop years, in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Figure 2 Images showing soybean (Glycine max) seeds damaged after soil flooding (A) and pots with no seedling emergence (B) in the sowing-emergence stage, as well comparing soybean plants from the control treatment with those subjected to flooding in the emergence-cotyledon (C) and cotyledon-first fully expanded trifoliate leaf (D) stages. Photos by Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen.

Figure 3 Increase in the leaf area of the NA 5909 RG and TECIRGA 6070RR soybean (Glycine max) cultivars determined by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability, at four growth stages under soil flooding conditions in the October and November sowing dates in the 2018/2019 crop year. Arrows show the minimum significant difference according to Tukey’s test. Treatments containing overlapping arrows are assumed to have no significant differences in mean values. EM-VC, emergence-cotyledons; VC-V2, cotyledons-first fully expanded trifoliate leaf; V2-V4, first fully expanded trifoliate leaf-third fully expanded trifoliate leaf; and V6-V8, fifth fully expanded trifoliate leaf-seventh fully expanded trifoliate leaf.

Figure 4 Mean increases in leaf area (A) and plant height (B), including average standard deviation, of the NA 5909 RG and TECIRGA 6070RR soybean (Glycine max) cultivars at four growth stages under soil flooding conditions in the October and November sowing dates in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 crop years, when compared with the control plants (without excess water). EM-VC, emergence-cotyledons; VC-V2, cotyledons-first fully expanded trifoliate leaf; V2-V4, first fully expanded trifoliate leaf-third fully expanded trifoliate leaf; and V6-V8, fifth fully expanded trifoliate leaf-seventh fully expanded trifoliate leaf.

Figure 5 Mean comparison by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability, for: dry matter increase ratio of the NA 5909 RG and TECIRGA 6070RR soybean (Glycine max) cultivars at four growth stages under soil flooding conditions in the October and November sowing dates in the 2018/2019 crop year (A); and interactions between season and treatment (B) and between cultivar and treatment (C) for soybean dry matter in 2019/2020. Arrows show the minimum significant difference according to Tukey’s test. Treatments containing overlapping arrows are assumed to have no significant differences in mean values.

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Tolerance of soybean cultivars to flooding stress in vegetative growth stages

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[1] Corresponding author