Silicate rock with different granulometry as a potassium source for alfalfa and centrosema crops

Moreira, Adônis; Moraes, Larissa Alexandra Cardoso; Silva, Sérgio Ricardo; Delfim, Jorge

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.02806

Adônis Moreira Corresponding author

Embrapa Soja, Rodovia Carlos João Strass, Acesso Orlando Amaral, s/n^o, Distrito de Warta, Caixa Postal 4006, CEP 86085-981 Londrina, PR, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7971-5452

Larissa Alexandra Cardoso Moraes

Embrapa Soja, Rodovia Carlos João Strass, Acesso Orlando Amaral, s/n^o, Distrito de Warta, Caixa Postal 4006, CEP 86085-981 Londrina, PR, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-2936

Sérgio Ricardo Silva

Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111, s/n^o, Guaraituba, Caixa Postal 319, CEP 83411-000 Colombo, PR, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-8324

Jorge Delfim

Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-2698

Corresponding author

Figures (5)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Shoot dry weight in five harvests of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) grown in a Typic Ultisol fertilized with four K rates (0, 100, 150, and 300 mg kg^-1) from alkaline ultramafic rock. For each K rate, means followed by equal letters do not differ among K fertilization rates by Tukey’s test, at 5.0% probability. *, **, and ***Significance of the coefficients of the adjusted models by the F-test, at 5.0, 1.0, and 0.1% probability, respectively. Error bars are the 95% confidence interval for the mean of the reference treatment with 150 mg kg^-1 KCl.

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Figure 2
Shoot potassium uptake in five harvests of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) grown in a Typic Ultisol fertilized with four K rates (0, 100, 150, and 300 mg kg^-1) from alkaline ultramafic rock. For each K rate, means followed by equal letters do not differ among K fertilization rates by Tukey’s test, at 5.0% probability. *, **, and ***Significance of the coefficients of the adjusted models by the F-test, at 5.0, 1.0, and 0.1% probability, respectively. Error bars are the 95% confidence interval for the mean of the reference treatment with 150 mg kg^-1 KCl.

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Figure 3
Cumulative whole-plant and shoot dry weight (DW) in five harvests and a single root dry weight in the fifth harvest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) grown in a Typic Ultisol fertilized with four K rates (0, 100, 150, and 300 mg kg^-1) from alkaline ultramafic rock. For each K rate, means followed by equal letters do not differ among K fertilization rates by Tukey’s test, at 5.0% probability. *, **, and ***Significance of the coefficients of the adjusted models by the F-test, at 5.0, 1.0, and 0.1% probability, respectively. Error bars are the 95% confidence interval for the mean of the reference treatment with KCl 150 mg kg^-1.

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Figure 4
Cumulative whole-plant and shoot potassium uptake in five harvests and a single-root K uptake in the fifth harvest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) grown in a Typic Ultisol fertilized with four K rates (0, 100, 150, and 300 mg kg^-1) from alkaline ultramafic rock. For each K rate, means followed by equal letters do not differ among K fertilization rates by Tukey’s test, at 5.0% probability. *, **, and ***Significance of the coefficients of the adjusted models by the F-test, at 5.0, 1.0, and 0.1% probability, respectively. Error bars are the 95% confidence interval for the mean of the reference treatment with 150 mg kg^-1 KCl.

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Figure 5
Potassium recovery efficiency (KRE), K utilization efficiency (KUtE), and K uptake efficiency (KUpE) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) grown in a Typic Ultisol fertilized with four K rates (0, 100, 150, and 300 mg kg^-1) from alkaline ultramafic rock. For each K rate, means followed by equal letters do not differ among K fertilization rates by Tukey’s test, at 5.0% probability. *, **, and ***Significance of the coefficients of the adjusted models by the F-test, at 5.0, 1.0, and 0.1% probability, respectively. Error bars are the 95% confidence interval for the mean of the reference treatment with 150 mg kg^-1 KCl.

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Table 1
Significance (p-value) of the analysis of variance of the main effects (fertilizer granulometry and potassium rate) of alkaline ultramafic rock and of their interaction in plant variables of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) grown in a Typic Ultisol during five shoot-biomass harvests under greenhouse conditions⁽¹⁾.

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Table 2
Significance (p-value) of the analysis of variance of the main effects (fertilizer granulometry and K rate) of alkaline ultramafic rock and of their interaction in plant variables of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and centrosema (Centrosema pubescens) grown in a Typic Ultisol considering the cumulative shoot biomass of five harvests and a single root biomass collected at the end of the experiment, under greenhouse conditions⁽¹⁾.

Source of variation	df⁽²⁾	S_DW-1	S_DW-2	S_DW-3	S_DW-4	S_DW-5	S_K-1	S_K-2	S_K-3	S_K-4	S_K-5
Alfalfa
Granulometry (G)	1	0.005	1.000	0.122	0.052	<0.001	0.169	0.027	0.114	0.291	<0.001
K rate (R)	3	0.002	0.008	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
G × R	3	0.001	1.000	<0.001	0.170	<0.001	0.360	<0.001	0.011	0.127	<0.001
Error	16
CV (%)⁽³⁾		6.9	8.2	7.2	6.4	10.0	11.5	12.5	16.7	23.9	10.3
Centrosema
Granulometry (G)	1	0.002	0.053	0.064	0.017	0.273	0.144	0.280	0.054	1.000	0.006
K rate (R)	3	0.030	0.003	0.006	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
G × R	3	0.236	0.005	0.025	<0.001	0.030	0.289	0.360	<0.001	1.000	0.028
Error	16
CV (%)⁽³⁾		10.8	9.6	5.3	5.6	5.0	19.2	20.8	5.5	15.7	9.7

Source of variation	df⁽²⁾	R_DW	S_DW	WP_DW	R_K	S_K	WP_K	KU_pE	KU_tE	KRE
Alfalfa
Granulometry (G)	1	0.209	0.003	1.000	0.007	0.298	1.000	0.135	1.000	1.000
K rate (R)	3	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
G × R	3	0.379	0.014	0.104	0.295	0.071	0.061	0.180	0.182	0.087
Error	16
CV (%)⁽³⁾		16.9	4.8	7.2	24.7	7.0	6.4	15.5	10.4	7.0
Centrosema
Granulometry (G)	1	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
K rate (R)	3	0.030	0.001	0.007	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
G × R	3	0.016	0.032	0.005	0.014	0.151	0.125	0.034	0.092	0.058
Error
CV (%)⁽³⁾	16	15.3	6.2	5.9	17.7	8.6	8.5	17.1	9.9	13.3

[1] Corresponding author

Brasil

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Silicate rock with different granulometry as a potassium source for alfalfa and centrosema crops

Rocha silicática com diferentes granulometrias como fonte de potássio para as culturas de alfafa e centrosema

Abstract