Programas de raleio químico para macieira 'Fuji Mishima' sob tela antigranizo preta

Marchioretto, Lucas De Ross; Rossi, Andrea De; Marodin, Gilmar Arduino Bettio

Lucas De Ross Marchioretto Corresponding author

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Agronomia, Departamento de Horticultura e Silvicultura, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, nº 7.712, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: lucas.marchioretto@ufrgs.br, marodin@ufrgs.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-4696

Andrea De Rossi

Embrapa Uva e Vinho, BR 285, Km 115, s/nº, CEP 95200-000 Vacaria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: andrea.derossi@embrapa.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8038-622X

Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Agronomia, Departamento de Horticultura e Silvicultura, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, nº 7.712, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: lucas.marchioretto@ufrgs.br, marodin@ufrgs.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-2074

Corresponding author

Figuras (2)
Tabelas (4)

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Figure 1
Meteorological conditions throughout the period of natural fruitlet drop (from full bloom until December) of 'Fuji Mishima' apple (Malus domestica) trees, in 2022, in the municipality of Bom Jesus, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. FB, full bloom; 7 mm, fruitlets with a 7 mm diameter; 15 mm, fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter; and 20 mm, fruitlets with a 20 mm diameter.

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Figure 2
Accumulated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), at 400-700 nm, between rows of 'Fuji Mishima' apple (Malus domestica) trees at a height of 2.0 m in an area uncovered and covered with a black anti-hail net. n=435 measurements. Data obtained on 12/24/2021 in the municipality of Bom Jesus, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Table 1
Description of the treatments with the corresponding growth stages, active ingredients, and concentrations of the plant growth regulators used as chemical thinners for 'Fuji Mishima' apple (Malus domestica) trees grown under a black anti-hail net, in 2022, in the municipality of Bom Jesus, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Table 2
Fruit set (fruits/flower clusters) of 'Fuji Mishima' apple (Malus domestica) trees grown under a black anti-hail net as a function of different fruitlet thinning programs carried out in 2022 in the municipality of Bom Jesus, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

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Table 3
Fruit number at harvest, yield, clusters with a single fruitlet, and number of fruitlets removed by manual thinning (NFRMT) of Fuji Mishima' apple (Malus domestica) trees grown under a black anti-hail net as a function of different fruitlet thinning programs carried out in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 crop seasons, in the municipality of Bom Jesus, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil⁽¹⁾.

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Table 4
Fruit weight, diameter, length, and length:diameter ratio of 'Fuji Mishima' apple (Malus domestica) trees grown under a black anti-hail net as a function of different fruitlet thinning programs carried out in 2022 in the municipality of Bom Jesus, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Treatment⁽¹⁾	Growth stage (fruitlet diameter)
Treatment⁽¹⁾	Full bloom	7 mm	15 mm	20 mm
T1	Untreated control
T2	Manual thinning only
T3	Benzyladenine + gibberellin₄₊₇ (47+47 g a.i. ha^-1)	-	Benzyladenine (80 g a.i. ha^-1) ethephon (1,440 g a.i. ha^-1)	-
T4	Benzyladenine + gibberellin₄₊₇ (47+47 g a.i. ha^-1)	Naphthaleneacetic acid (19 g a.i. ha^-1) + carbaryl (288 g a.i. ha^-1)	-	-
T5	Benzyladenine + gibberellin₄₊₇ (47+47 g a.i. ha^-1)	-	Benzyladenine (80 g a.i. ha^-1) + carbaryl (288 g a.i. ha^-1)	-
T6	-	-	Ethephon (1,440 g a.i. ha^-1) + carbaryl (288 g a.i. ha^-1)	Metamitron (238 g a.i. ha^-1) + ethephon (1,440 g a.i. ha^-1)
T7	Benzyladenine + gibberellin₄₊₇ (47+47 g a.i. ha^-1)	Benzyladenine (80 g a.i. ha^-1)	-	Metamitron (238 g a.i. ha^-1)
T8	-	Metamitron (154 g a.i. ha^-1)	-	Metamitron (238 g a.i. ha^-1)

Treatment	Plant growth regulators	Fruit set (fruits per cluster)
Treatment	Plant growth regulators	2020/2021	2021/2022
UTC (T3, T4, T5, T7)	-	0.95	1.47
UTC T6	-	1.07	1.69
UTC T8	-	1.07	1.60
T3	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA+ETH,15	0.81	1.31
T4	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / NAA+CB,7	0.70	1.07
T5	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA+CB,15	0.70	0.85
T6	ETH+CB, 15 / MM+ETH,20	1.24	1.76
T7	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA, 7 / MM,20	0.71	1.57
T8	MM,7 / MM,20	0.80	1.64
Contrasts
T3 vs UTC		ns	ns
T4 vs UTC		*	**
T5 vs UTC		*	**
T6 vs UTC		ns	ns
T7 vs UTC		*	ns
T8 vs UTC		*	ns
CV (%)		31.02

Treatment	Active ingredients	Fruit number at harvest		Yield (Mgha^-1)		Clusters with a single fruitlet (%)		NFRMT
Treatment	Active ingredients	2020/2021	2021/2022	2020/2021	2021/2022	2020/2021	2021/2022	2020/2021	2021/2022
T1	Untreated control	803a	589a	136a	84a	47ab	24bc	-	-
T2	Manual thinning only	498bc	446ab	102bc	70ab	-	-	143a	104a
T3	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA+ETH,15	495bc	298c	99bc	58bc	46ab	36ab	93bc	58bc
T4	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / NAA+CB,7	481bc	271c	105abc	46c	42b	39a	125ab	40c
T5	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA+CB,15	398c	315bc	92c	55bc	46ab	47a	93bc	38c
T6	ETH+CB, 15 / MM+ETH,20	652ab	279c	123ab	49bc	40b	23bc	125ab	63abc
T7	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA, 7 / MM,20	465bc	320bc	108abc	63abc	56a	22bc	76c	79ab
T8	MM,7 / MM,20	443c	367bc	99bc	55bc	56a	13c	67c	89ab
CV (%)	-	25.43		23.69		28.21		33.83

Treatment	Active ingredient	Fruit weight (g)		Fruit diameter (cm)		Fruit length (cm)		Length:diameter ratio
Treatment	Active ingredient	2020/2021	2021/2022	2020/2021	2021/2022	2020/2021	2021/2022	2020/2021	2021/2022
T1	Untreated control	90.6d	80.8b	6.38c	5.85d	5.23d	5.03c	0.82ab	0.86bc
T2	Manual thinning only	114.1abc	87.6b	6.61bc	6.03cd	5.41bcd	5.10c	0.82ab	0.85c
T3	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA+ETH,15	110.3bc	107.5a	6.59bc	6.42a	5.41bcd	5.48ab	0.82ab	0.85bc
T4	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / NAA+CB,7	117.0abc	91.8b	6.90a	6.11c	5.67a	5.25bc	0.82ab	0.86bc
T5	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA+CB,15	125.1a	94.9ab	6.79ab	6.15bc	5.63ab	5.54a	0.83a	0.90a
T6	ETH+CB, 15 / MM+ETH,20	107.7c	92.9b	6.61bc	6.17bc	5.37cd	5.20c	0.81ab	0.84c
T7	BA+GA₄₊₇, FB / BA, 7 / MM,20	123.6ab	108.5a	6.76ab	6.37ab	5.60abc	5.53a	0.83a	0.87b
T8	MM,7 / MM,20	120.1abc	84.1b	6.90a	5.94cd	5.59abc	5.06c	0.81b	0.85bc
CV (%)	-	19.65		6.43		5.92		3.53

[1] Corresponding author

Brasil

Brasil

Programas de raleio químico para macieira 'Fuji Mishima' sob tela antigranizo preta

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