This article is a synthesis of the winning paper of monographs of the Court of Accounts of the Union, Prize Serzedello Corrêa, year 2001. The aims to show the mechanisms of control of the Federal Public Administration with the implantation of the managerial model (post-bureaucratic), in order to evaluate of the conditions of Brazilian society to exert the social control. Thus, one searchs to create a critical thought on the subject and to consider concrete actions to investigate the perspectives for the social control in Brazil Administrative, cultural, politicians, social and historical aspects are analyzed. One concludes that the main foundation for the effective control of the public administration, considered in the managerial reform in course, would be the social control. However main aspects of the cultural and political formation of our society demonstrate that this one is not prepared to exert this task. Moreover, it has strong evidences of failure from the side of the public Administration. Facing this dilemma, some proposals are presented taking into account the present stage of the state reform, which can produce changes in the Administration and bring perspectives of improvement of the conditions for social control. The action lines involve the following points: Valuation of the Social Control in the change strategy; Creation of channels of performance for social control; Improvement of qualification and culture in the public service; Development and standardization of performance indicators and standardization and integration of the information systems.