Exploration and morphologic variation of <i>Iris</i> wild species with ornamental potential

Asgari, Elham; Taghizadeh, Mina; Abbasifar, Ahmadreza

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v28i1.2409

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Scientific Article • Ornam. Hortic. 28 (1) • Jan-Mar 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v28i1.2409 copy

Exploration and morphologic variation of Iris wild species with ornamental potential

Exploração e variação morfológica de espécies selvagens de Iris com potencial ornamental

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Nowadays, the flower industry is growing so fast that its development requires introducing new varieties to the flower market. Iran is the habitat of numerous species of wild plants that are among the valuable genetics in the breeding process. The identification of native Iris species, investigation of morphological diversity, and distribution method have a significant effect on the introduction of this flower as new and superior cultivars cut flower and bedding plant. The documentation of the most important habitats of Iris in Arak province, identification of morphological characteristics and correlation determination of morphological traits are the most important aims of this research. The results showed that there is a correlation between some of the traits. The highest positive correlation was related to the height of flower and length of the leaf, length of the flowering stem and the length of the leaf and the height of the flower and the length of the flowering stem. The ecotypes of Iris sp. were divided into six groups. Based on the results of the cluster diagram, the bulbous species were separated from rhizome species. Generally, due to the color diversity of Iris sp. and unique beauty of the flowers and the resistance of the native species, they can be used as native foundations. Due to the prominent traits such as high durability of Iris meda, odor of I. hymernospatha Subsp. leptoneura and color diversity of I. persica, I. songarica and height of I. spuria, they can be used to introduce new ornamental species. Iris spuria is the most suitable genotype because of the high height, large flower, high durability, and beautiful flower.

Keywords:
endemic plants; flowers; germplasm; Iran; variation

Species	Family	Period of flowering	propagation	Habitat	Geographic coordinates
Tulipa biflora	Liliaceae	March- April	Seed and Bulb	Sorkheh, Shahbaz mountain, Nazm Abad	Latitude:34ᵒ 22′-34ᵒ 34′ Longitude:40ᵒ 40′-49ᵒ 44′ Altitude:2696
T. armena	Liliaceae	April	Seed and Bulb	Aseman valley	Latitude:37ᵒ 86′ Longitude:35ᵒ 48′ Altitude:2135
T. orphanidea	Liliaceae	April	Seed and Bulb	Aseman valley	Latitude:37ᵒ 86′ Longitude:35ᵒ 48′ Altitude:2135
T. montana	Liliaceae	April- May	Seed and Bulb	Aseman valley	Latitude:37ᵒ 86′ Longitude:35ᵒ 48 Altitude:2141
T. sylvestris	Liliaceae	April	Seed and Bulb	Sorkheh mountain	Latitude:34ᵒ 34′ Longitude:40ᵒ 40′ Altitude:1879
T. violacea	Liliaceae	April	Seed and Bulb	Nazm Abad	Latitude:34ᵒ 2′ Longitude:49ᵒ 44′ Altitude:2696
Fritillaria imperialis	Liliaceae	April	Seed and Bulb	Aseman valley	Latitude:37ᵒ 86′ Longitude:35ᵒ 48 Altitude:2140- 2203
F. persica	Liliaceae	April	Seed and Bulb	Aseman valley	Latitude:37ᵒ 86′ Longitude:35ᵒ 48′ Altitude: 2140- 2203
F. zagrica	Liliaceae	March- April	Seed and Bulb	Nazm Abad	Latitude:34ᵒ 2′ Longitude:49ᵒ 44′ Altitude:2696
Iris songarica	Iridaceae	April- May	Seed and Rhizome	Amr abad, Amir kabir Township, Aman abad	Latitude:34ᵒ 14′- 34ᵒ 86′ Longitude:50ᵒ 70′-50ᵒ 73′ Altitude:1771- 1730
I. meda	Iridaceae	April- May	Seed and Rhizome	Tafresh	Latitude:34ᵒ 38′ Longitude:50ᵒ 49′ Altitude:1909
I. hymenospatha	Iridaceae	March	Seed and Bulb	Sorkheh, Shahbaz mountain, Daen, Tafresh Aseman valley	Latitude:33ᵒ 25′-34ᵒ 38′ Longitude:40ᵒ 40′- 50ᵒ 49′ Altitude:2507- 1896
I. persica	Iridaceae	March	Seed and Bulb	Sorkheh, Shahbaz mountain, Daen, Tafresh, Hazaveh, Haftad gholeh, Daen, Tafresh, Hazaveh, Ghayenaroogh, Cheshmeh sarab,Aseman valley	Latitude:33ᵒ 25′- 34ᵒ 78′ Longitude:40ᵒ 40′- 50ᵒ 49′ Altitude:2487- 1788
I. spuria	Iridaceae	May- June	Seed and Rhizome	Far village	Latitude:34ᵒ 38′ Longitude:50ᵒ 48′ Altitude:2492
Gladiolus atroviolaceus	Iridaceae	April- May	Seed and Bulb	Aghil abad, Enaj	Latitude:33ᵒ 59′-34ᵒ 12′ Longitude:49ᵒ 21′- 49ᵒ 38′ Altitude:1878-1967
Colchicum autumnal	Colchicaceae	October	Seed and Corm	Aseman valley, Nazm abad, Sorkheh, Shahbaz mountain, Ghayenaroogh	Latitude:33ᵒ 25′- 37ᵒ 86′ Longitude:40ᵒ 40′- 49ᵒ 44′ Altitude:2400
Crocus cartwrightianus	Iridaceae	March	Seed and Bulb	Sorkheh, Shahbaz mountain	Latitude:33ᵒ 25′- 34ᵒ 34′ Longitude: 40ᵒ 40′-49ᵒ 25′ Altitude:2035
Anemone biflora	Ranunculaceae	March-April	Seed and Rhizome	Sorkheh, Shahbaz mountain Aseman valley	Latitude: 33ᵒ 25′-37ᵒ 86′ Longitude: 35ᵒ 48′-49ᵒ 25′ Altitude: 1861-2135
Corydalis verticillaris	Papaveraceae	March-April	Seed and Tuber	Sorkheh, Shahbaz mountain	Latitude: 33ᵒ 25′-34ᵒ 34′ Longitude: 40ᵒ 40′-49 25′ Altitude:1861-2145

No.	Character	Abbreviation	Unit	min	max	Mean	sd	CV(%)
1	Number of flowers	nflo	number	1	4	1.69	0.82	39.55
2	Petal length	pele	cm	3	7.2	2.85	0.86	62.88
3	Calyx length	cale	cm	0.07	5.5	1.4	0.97	50.47
4	Calyx width	cawi	cm	0.1	2	0.31	0.31	66.42
5	Scent	Sce	code	0	1	0.48	0.5	59.95
6	Flower height	inle	cm	6.5	124	24.69	30.51	26.01
7	Diameter of peduncle	stdi	cm	0.1	1.2	0.2	0.16	76.65
8	Flowering stem length	shle	cm	1.3	38	9.62	7.97	63.03
9	Diameter of leafless stem	stle	cm	0.168	3.82	0.78	0.32	94.78
10	Leaf lenght	lele	cm	6	100	24.23	20.31	21.77
11	Leaf width	lewi	cm	0.2	3.3	0.78	0.77	37.44
12	Number of leaf	nle	number	2	17	4.89	2.45	37.45
13	bulb/rhizome length	blue	cm	1	11.5	6.17	2.61	27.1
14	bulb/rhizome diameter	budi	cm	0.6	2.7	1.34	0.53	18.91
15	Seed	see	%	8.8	95	55.37	32.37	0

	nflo	Pele	Cale	cawi	sce	inle	sthi	shle	Stle	lele	lewi	nle	blue	budi	see
Nflo	1.00
Pele	0.21**	1.00
Cale	0.3**	0.56**	1.00
cawi	0.18*	0.48 **	0.38**	1.00
Sce	0.23**	0.41**	0.24**	0.51**	1.00
Inle	0.19*	0.54**	0.32**	0.7**	0.45**	1.00
Stdi	0.35**	0.3 **	0.44**	0.47**	0.29**	0.37**	1.00
Shle	0.25**	0.64 **	0.55**	0.62**	0.34**	0.83**	0.38**	1.00
Stle	-0.007	0.16	0.03	0.21**	0.18*	0.18*	0.12	0.12	1.00
Lele	0.2*	0.52 **	0.34**	0.64**	0.35**	0.94**	0.29**	0.86**	0.11	1.00
Lewi	0.03	0.2	0.14	0.37**	0.21*	0.71**	0.09	0.45**	0.24**	0.63**	1.00
Nle	0.14	0.02	0.21**	0.09	0.31**	0.07	0.15	0.02	0.05	0.09	0.16	1.00
Bule	0.07**	0.16	0.13	0.04	0.27**	0.14	0.01	0.25**	0.01	0.23**	0.21**	-0.18*	1.00
Budi	-0.37	-0.04	-0.37**	-0.05	-0.17*	0.24**	-0.24**	0.06	0.04	0.24**	0.66**	-0.42**	0.42**	1.00
See	0.42**	0.63 **	0.68**	0.72**	0.63**	0.6**	0.6**	0.7**	0.2*	0.55**	0.12	0.25**	-0.01	-0.36**	1.00

Factors	Cumulative percentage of variance	Eigenvalues in percent	Variance of eigenvalues
1	6.97	46.52	46.52
2	2.89	19.26	65.78
3	1.68	11.25	77.03
4	1.16	7.75	84.79
5	0.78	5.21	90
6	0.46	3.1	93.11
7	0.34	2.3	95.41
8	0.26	1.79	97.21
9	0.14	0.96	98.7
10	0.1	0.7	98.87
11	0.07	0.49	99.37
12	0.05	0.38	99.75
13	0.02	0.18	99.94
14	0.007	0.04	99.98
15	0.002	0.01	100

Traits	1	2	3	4
Pele	0.82	0.34	-0.12	0.12
Lele	0.82	0.03	0.42	-0.05
Inle	0.75	0.06	0.55	0.12
Sce	0.56	0.71	0.21	0.03
Blue	0.22	-0.85	0.07	0.06
Budi	-0.38	-0.54	0.59	-0.23
Nle	0.21	0.83	-0.12	0.06
Lewi	0.05	-0.16	0.95	0.1
See	0.92	0.25	-0.15	0.15
Nflo	0.53	0.44	-0.13	0.44
Cale	0.85	0.01	-0.4	0.16
Cawi	0.91	0.19	0.12	0.11
Stdi	0.04	-0.05	0.05	0.91
Shle	0.9	-0.16	0.16	0.05
Stle	0.24	0.2	0.54	0.54

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[1] * Corresponding author: m-taghizadeh@araku.ac.ir