A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the rio Doce basin, Brazil

A new species of Characidium is described from the tributaries of the upper and middle rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from most congeners, except C. cricarense, C. hasemani, C. helmeri, C. kalunga, C. pterostictum, C. schubarti, C. summus, and C. travassosi by lacking scales in the area between the anterior limit of the isthmus and the anterior margin of cleithrum. The new species differs from the aforementioned species by a series of characters, including the presence of the adipose fin, 2–4 scales between the anus and anal fin, two rows of dentary teeth, presence of the parietal branch of the supraorbital canal, 4 scale rows above the lateral line, and absence of two conspicuous inclined dark bands on each caudal-fin lobe. The new species further differs from most congeners with an unscaled ventral surface of the isthmus by the presence of 33–34 pored scales on the lateral line and by the dark dashes on the caudal fin-rays not forming well-defined bands.

Keywords:
Characidiinae; Endemism; Environmental alteration; Isthmus scaleless; Taxonomy

Authorship

Leonardo Oliveira-Silva

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil. (LOS) leonardoufcg.bio@hotmail.com (corresponding author); (AMZ) zanata.angela@gmail.com.Universidade Federal da BahiaBrazilSalvador, BA, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil. (LOS) leonardoufcg.bio@hotmail.com (corresponding author); (AMZ) zanata.angela@gmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-5648

Sérgio A. dos Santos

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (SAS) sergio.pisces@gmail.com.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (SAS) sergio.pisces@gmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-4139

Maridiesse Morais Lopes

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Goiabeiras, ES, Brazil. (MML) maridiessemorais@gmail.com.Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoBrazilGoiabeiras, ES, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Goiabeiras, ES, Brazil. (MML) maridiessemorais@gmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-1446

Angela Maria Zanata

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-8562

Edited-by

Brian Sidlauskas

Correspondence

Leonardo Oliveira-Silva leonardoufcg.bio@hotmail.com

Author's Contribution

Leonardo Oliveira-Silva: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

Sérgio A. dos Santos: Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Writing-review and editing.

Maridiesse Morais Lopes: Investigation, Methodology, Writing-review and editing.

Angela Maria Zanata: Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing-review and editing.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Permission for collecting was granted by ICMBio # 8142–1.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (6)
Tables (1)

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FIGURE 1 |
Characidium krenak: A. holotype, MZUSP 125896, 57.6 mm SL. B. paratype, MZUSP 112284, 47.3 mm SL. C. paratype, MCNIP 2025, 45.6 mm SL. D. paratype, MCNIP 3029, 41.4 mm SL. E. paratype, MCNIP 3029, 38.7 mm SL. F. paratype, MCNIP 2025, 37.4 mm SL. All from Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio Doce basin, rio Piranga and rio Santo Antônio sub-basins.

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FIGURE 2 |
Ventral squamation of Characidium krenak (MZUSP 112265, 36.9 mm SL, paratype) showing the lack of scales on a region of the isthmus not extending posterior to the anterior margin of the cleithrum (naked portion restricted to area anterior to the dotted line).

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FIGURE 3 |
Pseudotympanum of Characidium krenak (MZUSP 112265, 40.0 mm SL, paratype) in lateral view. Overlying skin, adipose tissue and lateral-line nerve removed. ls, lateralis superficialis; oi, obliquus inferioris; os, obliquus superioris. Asterisk indicates the rib of the fifth vertebra.

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FIGURE 4 |
Lateral views of uncatalogued aquarium specimens of Characidium krenak, showing the variable color patterns in life. A. Distinct black, rounded and vertically elongate blotches distributed along midlateral line of body. B. Inconspicuous blotches on midlateral line of body. All from Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Conceição do Mato Dentro, rio Santo Antônio sub-basin, rio Doce basin.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 5 |
Map of the rio Doce basin, Brazil, showing the type locality (red star) and collection sites (yellow circles) of Characidium krenak from rio Piranga and rio Santo Antônio sub-basins; each symbol may represent more than one locality.

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FIGURE 6 |
Sampling localities of Characidium krenak, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio Santo Antônio sub-basin, rio Doce basin: A. Unnamed stream tributary of the right bank of córrego Ponte Nova; B. Ribeirão das Pedras, a tributary of the right bank of rio do Peixe, near its confluence with Córrego Vermelho; C. Unnamed stream, before the meeting with córrego Ponte Nova; D. Córrego Escadinha, at right bank of ribeirão das Pedras, with deforested riparian vegetation for livestock activities; E. Córrego Vargem Grande, undergoing siltation process due to anthropogenic activities; F. Mining activities around the streams that flow into rio do Peixe, tributary of the rio Santo Antônio sub-basin, area of occurrence of C. krenak.

Thumbnail

TABLE 1 |
Morphometric data of holotype and paratypes of Characidium krenak, range includes the holotype. N = total number of specimens examined; SD = Standard deviation.

FIGURE 1 | Characidium krenak: A. holotype, MZUSP 125896, 57.6 mm SL. B. paratype, MZUSP 112284, 47.3 mm SL. C. paratype, MCNIP 2025, 45.6 mm SL. D. paratype, MCNIP 3029, 41.4 mm SL. E. paratype, MCNIP 3029, 38.7 mm SL. F. paratype, MCNIP 2025, 37.4 mm SL. All from Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio Doce basin, rio Piranga and rio Santo Antônio sub-basins.

FIGURE 2 | Ventral squamation of Characidium krenak (MZUSP 112265, 36.9 mm SL, paratype) showing the lack of scales on a region of the isthmus not extending posterior to the anterior margin of the cleithrum (naked portion restricted to area anterior to the dotted line).

FIGURE 3 | Pseudotympanum of Characidium krenak (MZUSP 112265, 40.0 mm SL, paratype) in lateral view. Overlying skin, adipose tissue and lateral-line nerve removed. ls, lateralis superficialis; oi, obliquus inferioris; os, obliquus superioris. Asterisk indicates the rib of the fifth vertebra.

FIGURE 4 | Lateral views of uncatalogued aquarium specimens of Characidium krenak, showing the variable color patterns in life. A. Distinct black, rounded and vertically elongate blotches distributed along midlateral line of body. B. Inconspicuous blotches on midlateral line of body. All from Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Conceição do Mato Dentro, rio Santo Antônio sub-basin, rio Doce basin.

FIGURE 5 | Map of the rio Doce basin, Brazil, showing the type locality (red star) and collection sites (yellow circles) of Characidium krenak from rio Piranga and rio Santo Antônio sub-basins; each symbol may represent more than one locality.

FIGURE 6 | Sampling localities of Characidium krenak, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, rio Santo Antônio sub-basin, rio Doce basin: A. Unnamed stream tributary of the right bank of córrego Ponte Nova; B. Ribeirão das Pedras, a tributary of the right bank of rio do Peixe, near its confluence with Córrego Vermelho; C. Unnamed stream, before the meeting with córrego Ponte Nova; D. Córrego Escadinha, at right bank of ribeirão das Pedras, with deforested riparian vegetation for livestock activities; E. Córrego Vargem Grande, undergoing siltation process due to anthropogenic activities; F. Mining activities around the streams that flow into rio do Peixe, tributary of the rio Santo Antônio sub-basin, area of occurrence of C. krenak.

TABLE 1 | Morphometric data of holotype and paratypes of Characidium krenak, range includes the holotype. N = total number of specimens examined; SD = Standard deviation.

	Holotype	N	Range	Mean	SD
Total length	69.3	31	38.6–74.1	–	–
Standard length	57.6	33	30.0–61.6	–	–
Percents of standard length
Depth at dorsal-fin origin	25.2	33	20.7–25.2	22.6	1.6
Depth at anal-fin origin	17.9	33	15.2–17.9	16.6	0.8
Caudal peduncle depth	12.3	33	10.1–12.5	11.6	0.7
Caudal peduncle length	19.3	33	16.0–19.4	17.7	1.0
Snout to dorsal fin origin	46.0	33	44.4–49.3	46.1	1.1
Snout to pectoral-fin origin	21.5	33	20.1–24.3	22.4	1.1
Snout to pelvic-fin origin	52.1	33	50.8–54.0	52.2	0.9
Snout to anal-fin origin	75.3	33	74.7–78.7	76.7	1.2
Anal-apex distance	95.7	33	93.5–97.3	95.3	1.2
Dorsal-fin adpressed	28.0	32	25.5–29.0	27.3	0.9
Distance end of dorsal/adipose	12.5	32	9.5–12.7	10.8	1.0
Pectoral-fin length	28.5	33	24.2–29.7	27.8	1.4
Pelvic-fin length	21.4	33	19.7–24.3	22.5	1.0
Anus/anal-fin origin	7.5	33	5.9–8.2	6.9	0.7
Body width	14.9	33	11.1–15.1	12.4	1.2
Head length	21.4	33	21.4–25.7	23.7	1.2
Percents of head length
Horizontal eye diameter	23.6	33	23.6–27.1	25.6	0.9
Snout length	25.2	33	22.5–26.0	24.4	0.9
Snout to maxillary tip	24.4	33	22.5–25.9	24.2	1.0
Anterior naris to orbit	11.4	33	9.0–11.9	10.2	0.8
Posterior naris to orbit	4.9	33	3.5–5.4	4.7	0.5
Cheek depth	11.4	33	8.0–11.4	9.4	1.0
Least interorbital width	18.7	31	15.3–18.7	17.3	1.0

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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10.1590/1982-0224-202201er

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A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the rio Doce basin, Brazil

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[1] Edited-by

Brian Sidlauskas