Psalidodon jequitinhonhae foi proposta originalmente como uma variedade de Tetragonopterus rutilus, a partir da análise de 14 exemplares coletados no rio Jequitinhonha, Brasil. Em 1910 foi realocada em Astyanax, como A. fasciatus jequitinhonhae em Tetragonopterinae e em 2020 em Psalidodon, como membro de Stethaprioninae. Em nenhuma dessas revisões, no entanto, P. jequitinhonhae foi redescrita morfologicamente. A obtenção de uma sequência curta do gene COI a partir de um dos síntipos, comparada a sequências obtidas em novas amostras, permitiu o reconhecimento da espécie e a sua redescrição morfológica com base em novos espécimes. Tanto os dados morfológicos quanto os moleculares convergiram e corroboraram P. jequitinhonhae como uma espécie válida, ocorrendo nas bacias dos rios Jequitinhonha e Pardo no Brasil. O síntipo que forneceu a sequência de COI analisada é designado como lectótipo.

Palavras chave:
DNA histórico; Mini-barcode; Museômica; Rio Jequitinhonha; Rio Pardo

Autoria

Victor de Queiroz

Formal analysis

Investigation

Writing-original draft

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (VQ) dequeirozvictor@gmail.com (corresponding author), (PCS) pricarola@gmail.com, (MCM) claudia.malabarba@ufrgs.br, (LRM) malabarb@ufrgs.br Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (VQ) dequeirozvictor@gmail.com (corresponding author), (PCS) pricarola@gmail.com, (MCM) claudia.malabarba@ufrgs.br, (LRM) malabarb@ufrgs.br

Laboratório de Sistemática Molecular - Beagle, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/ n, Anexo CCB II, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil. (JAD) jdergam@gmail.com. Universidade Federal de ViçosaBrazilViçosa, MG, Brazil Laboratório de Sistemática Molecular - Beagle, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/ n, Anexo CCB II, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil. (JAD) jdergam@gmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-540X

Priscilla Caroline Silva

Conceptualization

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Validation

Writing-original draft

Writing-review and editing

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-9445

Maria Claudia Malabarba

Conceptualization

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Validation

Writing-original draft

Writing-review and editing

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4926-4619

Lee Weigt

Funding acquisition

Resources

Validation

Writing-review and editing

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA. (LW) weigtl@si.edu. Smithsonian InstitutionUSAWashington, NW, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA. (LW) weigtl@si.edu.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1274-3659

Jorge Abdala Dergam

Data curation

Funding acquisition

Resources

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-1377

Luiz R. Malabarba

Conceptualization

Data curation

Project administration

Resources

Supervision

Validation

Writing-original draft

Writing-review and editing

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-3735

Edited-by

Fernando Carvalho

Correspondence

Victor de Queiroz dequeirozvictor@gmail.com

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

All examined specimens belong to fish collections.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (7)
Tabelas (1)

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FIGURE 1 |
A.Tetragonopterus rutilus var. Jequitinhonhae [sic] as illustrated by Steindachner (1877: plate II, fig. 3). B. Astyanax fasciatus jequitinhonhae as illustrated by Eigenmann (1921: plate 50, fig. 3; MCZ 20901; 83 mm; Jequitinhonha Rive, Brazil.

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FIGURE 2 |
Lectotype of Tetragonopterus rutilusjequitinhonhae, NMW 57760:2, 67.52 mm SL.

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FIGURE 3 |
Neighbor-joining tree based on p-distance model generated with a sequence fragment of the gene COI with 197 base pairs. The tree includes the lectotype of Tetragonopterus rutilus jequitinhonhae (NWM 57760:2) (dark blue) and species of the stethaprionine genera Psalidodon, Astyanax, Andromakhe, and Deuterodon. Sequences obtained from modern specimens of P. jequitinhonhae in light blue. Rooted in Serrapinnus heterodon.

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FIGURE 4 |
Psalidodon jequitinhonhae. Specimens from Jequitinhonha River, Itaobim Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 16°30’36”S 41°20’02”W. LBP 8311, male, 57.7 mm SL, female, 57.4 mm SL.

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FIGURE 5 |
Psalidodon jequitinhonhae, LBP 8311, 55.9 mm SL. To the left: lateral view of maxillary, premaxillary and dentary teeth. To the right: medial view of premaxillary and dentary teeth.

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FIGURE 6 |
Psalidodon jequitinhonhae. Two live specimens from Fanado River, tributary of Araçuaí River, Barragem das Almas, Minas Novas Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, Jequitinhonha River basin, 17°14’16.1”S 42°35’25.9”W. MZUEL 16425, not measured. Photo: José L. O. Birindelli.

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FIGURE 7 |
Distribution map of Psalidodon jequitinhonhae, encompassing its occurrence in the Jequitinhonha and Pardo river basins, Minas Gerais and Bahia States, Brazil.

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TABLE 1 |
Morphometric and meristic data of the lectotype (NMW 57760:2) and paralectotypes of Tetragonopterus rutilus jequitinhonhae (NMW 57759, 5, 54.3–68.4 mm SL; NMW 57760, 2, 65.2–74.1 mm SL; NMW 57761, 6, 66.2–75.6 mm SL) and non-type specimens of Psalidodon jequitinhonhae from Jequitinhonha (N = 51) and Pardo river basins (N = 20). SD = standard deviation.

FIGURE 1 | A.Tetragonopterus rutilus var. Jequitinhonhae [sic] as illustrated by Steindachner (1877: plate II, fig. 3). B. Astyanax fasciatus jequitinhonhae as illustrated by Eigenmann (1921: plate 50, fig. 3; MCZ 20901; 83 mm; Jequitinhonha Rive, Brazil.

FIGURE 2 | Lectotype of Tetragonopterus rutilusjequitinhonhae, NMW 57760:2, 67.52 mm SL.

FIGURE 3 | Neighbor-joining tree based on p-distance model generated with a sequence fragment of the gene COI with 197 base pairs. The tree includes the lectotype of Tetragonopterus rutilus jequitinhonhae (NWM 57760:2) (dark blue) and species of the stethaprionine genera Psalidodon, Astyanax, Andromakhe, and Deuterodon. Sequences obtained from modern specimens of P. jequitinhonhae in light blue. Rooted in Serrapinnus heterodon.

FIGURE 4 | Psalidodon jequitinhonhae. Specimens from Jequitinhonha River, Itaobim Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 16°30’36”S 41°20’02”W. LBP 8311, male, 57.7 mm SL, female, 57.4 mm SL.

FIGURE 5 | Psalidodon jequitinhonhae, LBP 8311, 55.9 mm SL. To the left: lateral view of maxillary, premaxillary and dentary teeth. To the right: medial view of premaxillary and dentary teeth.

FIGURE 6 | Psalidodon jequitinhonhae. Two live specimens from Fanado River, tributary of Araçuaí River, Barragem das Almas, Minas Novas Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, Jequitinhonha River basin, 17°14’16.1”S 42°35’25.9”W. MZUEL 16425, not measured. Photo: José L. O. Birindelli.

FIGURE 7 | Distribution map of Psalidodon jequitinhonhae, encompassing its occurrence in the Jequitinhonha and Pardo river basins, Minas Gerais and Bahia States, Brazil.

TABLE 1 | Morphometric and meristic data of the lectotype (NMW 57760:2) and paralectotypes of Tetragonopterus rutilus jequitinhonhae (NMW 57759, 5, 54.3–68.4 mm SL; NMW 57760, 2, 65.2–74.1 mm SL; NMW 57761, 6, 66.2–75.6 mm SL) and non-type specimens of Psalidodon jequitinhonhae from Jequitinhonha (N = 51) and Pardo river basins (N = 20). SD = standard deviation.

	Lectotype		Paralectotypes			Jequitinhonha River			Pardo River
		N	Range	Mean	SD	Range	Mean	SD	Range	Mean	SD
Standard length (mm)	67.5	13	54.3–75.6	66.8	–	27.2–113.1	60.6	–	46.6–80.9	63.3	–
Percents of standard length
Predorsal distance	50.2	8	50.2–56.8	52.0	2.1	46.2–55.9	50.3	2.1	49.7–54.1	51.8	1.3
Prepelvic distance	45.8	8	44.2–48.4	46.2	1.4	44.5–51.0	47.8	1.7	47.3–51.8	49.1	1.3
Prepectoral distance	24.8	8	23.7–26.5	24.9	0.8	23.8–31.0	26.9	1.8	24.6–29.9	27.1	1.3
Preanal distance	65.0	8	62.2–65.3	64.1	1.1	59.7–71.5	64.4	2.1	62.1–69.7	65.7	1.9
Depth at dorsal-fin origin	33.9	8	32.9–35.8	34.4	1.1	28.6–37.0	32.9	1.7	34.3–42.3	37.6	1.9
Caudal peduncle depth	11.3	7	11.1–12.0	11.5	0.3	8.5–11.6	10.3	0.7	10.0–12.4	10.8	0.6
Caudal peduncle length	12.9	7	12.4–13.7	12.9	0.4	9.6–14.3	12.1	1.1	10.7–13.3	11.9	0.7
Anal-fin base	30.2	7	28.5–32.0	30.2	1.3	23.6–30.5	26.7	1.7	25.2–30.5	28.1	1.7
Dorsal fin length	24.7	7	25.5–27.9	26.8	0.9	22.3–29.1	25.0	1.6	24.0–28.1	25.5	1.1
Pelvic fin length (m)	–	3	17.5–20.4	18.8	1.5	15.5–19.4	16.7	1.0	–	–	–
Pelvic fin length (f)	17.5	4	17.1–18.0	17.6	0.4	14.1–17.7	15.6	0.9	15.1–17.4	16.3	0.6
Pectoral fin length	21.6	7	21.9–25.0	23.2	1.0	19.6–26.1	21.7	1.3	20.0–23.2	21.9	0.9
Head length	26.3	13	24.9–27.1	25.9	0.6	20.4–28.7	25.2	1.7	24.6–27.3	25.9	0.8
Percents of head length
Snout length	16.0	7	20.7–21.8	21.3	0.4	15.6–23.4	19.5	1.7	17.7–21.7	19.6	1.2
Upper jaw length	40.8	7	39.2–42.3	40.7	1.3	33.3–47.1	40.1	2.3	36.8–43.9	41.1	1.8
Orbital diameter	38.5	13	38.8–42.4	41.1	1.1	32.5–48.5	38.6	3.7	32.3–38.5	35.6	2.0
Interorbital width	–	7	30.7–33.1	32.0	0.9	28.3–47.4	34.5	4.0	30.8–38.0	34.6	2.3

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