A new species of <i>Ancistrus</i> (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Tapajós and Xingu basins, Brazil

A new Ancistrus species is described from Tapajós and Xingu river basins. It is distinguished from its congeners by the singular body color pattern, consisting of dark vermiculated stripes almost all over the body, and also by combination of features as a narrow head, large internostril distance, and absence of rows of enlarged odontodes on the lateral plates. In addition, the new species is distinguished from congeners that inhabit the rio Tapajós basin by the presence of a fully-developed adipose fin (vs. adipose fin absent in Ancistrus parecis and A. tombador, and vestigial adipose fin or absent in A. krenakarore). It differs from A. ranunculus, also from the rio Xingu, by the color pattern, smaller body size, smaller gill opening, and narrower cleithral width. The new taxon adds a new record to the list of species shared among the Xingu and Tapajós basins.

Keywords:
Amazon; Brazilian Shield; Bristlenose pleco; Hypostominae; Taxonomy

Authorship

Emanuel B. Neuhaus

Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Setor de Ictiologia, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (EBN) ebnsl@yahoo.com.br (corresponding author), (MRB) mrbritto@mn.ufrj.br.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Setor de Ictiologia, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. (EBN) ebnsl@yahoo.com.br (corresponding author), (MRB) mrbritto@mn.ufrj.br.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5966-7585

Marcelo R. Britto

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-6923

José Luís O. Birindelli

Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Câmpus Universitário, 86051990 Londrina, PR, Brazil. (JLOB) josebirindelli@yahoo.com.Universidade Estadual de LondrinaBrazilLondrina, PR, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Câmpus Universitário, 86051990 Londrina, PR, Brazil. (JLOB) josebirindelli@yahoo.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-9636

Leandro M. Sousa

Universidade Federal do Pará, Câmpus Altamira, Rua Coronel José Porfírio, 2515, São Sebastião, 68372-040 Altamira, PA, Brazil. (LMS) Leandro.m.sousa@gmail.com.Universidade Federal do ParáBrazilAltamira, PA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pará, Câmpus Altamira, Rua Coronel José Porfírio, 2515, São Sebastião, 68372-040 Altamira, PA, Brazil. (LMS) Leandro.m.sousa@gmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-9737

Edited-by

George Mattox

Correspondence

Emanuel B. Neuhaus ebnsl@yahoo.com.br

Author's Contribution

Emanuel B. Neuhaus: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

Marcelo R. Britto: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

José Luís O. Birindelli: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

Leandro M. Sousa: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-review and editing.

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (9)
Tables (1)

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FIGURE 1 |
Ancistrus luzia, holotype, MNRJ 51458, male, 75.9 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte, a tributary of rio Teles Pires, Tapajós basin. Black spots in the ventral view are parasites.

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FIGURE 2 |
Ancistrus luzia, paratype, MNRJ 24622, cs, female, 48.9 mm SL, showing the subdermal platelets bordering the naked margin of snout. Arrows indicate platelets.

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FIGURE 3 |
Color pattern of juvenile specimens of Ancistrus luzia. A, B. MZUSP 99877, 33.2 mm SL, from rio Teles Pires basin. C, D. MNRJ 35504, 37.5 mm SL, from the rio Curuá, rio Xingu basin.

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FIGURE 4 |
Lateral view of Ancistrus luzia, MNRJ 35505, 71.6 mm SL, rio Curuá, Xingu basin. A. Preserved specimen. B. Specimen in life.

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FIGURE 5 |
Ancistrus luzia in life, MZUSP 96564, rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin.

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FIGURE 6 |
Ancistrus luzia in life, specimen not preserved, 80.6 mm SL, rio Bacajaí, 03°35’13”S 51°46’00”W, tributary to middle rio Xingu.

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FIGURE 7 |
Ventral view of pelvic girdle of Ancistrus luzia showing differences in urogenital papillae of female (63.2 mm SL) and male (80.6 mm SL).

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FIGURE 8 |
Geographic distribution of Ancistrus luzia. Star represents its type locality.

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FIGURE 9 |
Habitats of Ancistrus luzia: (above) rio Teles Pires, Itauba, Mato Grosso (MZUSP 95904), photo by José L. O. Birindelli; (middle) rio Bacajaí (03°35’13”S 51°46’00”W ), tributary to middle rio Xingu, photo by Leandro Sousa; and (below) igarapé without name, Middle Xingu, Altamira, Pará (LIA 7657), photo by Douglas Bastos.

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TABLE 1 |
Morphometric data of Ancistrus luzia. N = number of specimens; SD = standard deviation.

FIGURE 1 | Ancistrus luzia, holotype, MNRJ 51458, male, 75.9 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte, a tributary of rio Teles Pires, Tapajós basin. Black spots in the ventral view are parasites.

FIGURE 2 | Ancistrus luzia, paratype, MNRJ 24622, cs, female, 48.9 mm SL, showing the subdermal platelets bordering the naked margin of snout. Arrows indicate platelets.

FIGURE 3 | Color pattern of juvenile specimens of Ancistrus luzia. A, B. MZUSP 99877, 33.2 mm SL, from rio Teles Pires basin. C, D. MNRJ 35504, 37.5 mm SL, from the rio Curuá, rio Xingu basin.

FIGURE 4 | Lateral view of Ancistrus luzia, MNRJ 35505, 71.6 mm SL, rio Curuá, Xingu basin. A. Preserved specimen. B. Specimen in life.

FIGURE 5 | Ancistrus luzia in life, MZUSP 96564, rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin.

FIGURE 6 | Ancistrus luzia in life, specimen not preserved, 80.6 mm SL, rio Bacajaí, 03°35’13”S 51°46’00”W, tributary to middle rio Xingu.

FIGURE 7 | Ventral view of pelvic girdle of Ancistrus luzia showing differences in urogenital papillae of female (63.2 mm SL) and male (80.6 mm SL).

FIGURE 8 | Geographic distribution of Ancistrus luzia. Star represents its type locality.

FIGURE 9 | Habitats of Ancistrus luzia: (above) rio Teles Pires, Itauba, Mato Grosso (MZUSP 95904), photo by José L. O. Birindelli; (middle) rio Bacajaí (03°35’13”S 51°46’00”W ), tributary to middle rio Xingu, photo by Leandro Sousa; and (below) igarapé without name, Middle Xingu, Altamira, Pará (LIA 7657), photo by Douglas Bastos.

TABLE 1 | Morphometric data of Ancistrus luzia. N = number of specimens; SD = standard deviation.

	Holotype	N	Range	Mean	SD
Standard length	75.9	65	33.2–82.9	–	–
Percents of standard length
Predorsal length	48.0	65	44.3–48.4	46.3	1.0
Head length	37.9	65	34.9–39.8	36.9	1.0
Dorsal spine length	25.9	50	22.0–29.1	26.1	1.4
Anal-fin unbranched ray length	10.2	58	7.2–11.4	8.7	0.8
Pectoral spine length	30.2	65	26.8–34.6	30.4	1.7
Pelvic-fin unbranched ray length	24.9	65	23.2–28.9	26.1	1.2
Adipose spine length	7.0	65	5.4–8.6	7.2	0.8
Upper caudal-fin unbranched ray length	26.3	42	20.0–28.5	25.8	1.8
Lower caudal-fin unbranched ray length	33.2	51	26.5–40.6	35.2	2.9
Cleithral width	33.2	65	30.8–35.1	33.2	1.0
Body width at dorsal fin origin	26.9	64	24.0–32.0	27.2	1.5
Caudal peduncle length	28.9	65	28.9–35.0	32.3	1.1
Caudal peduncle depth	11.8	65	10.0–12.0	10.9	0.4
Dorsal-fin base length	20.8	65	19.6–23.8	21.7	0.9
Dorsal-adipose distance	20.2	65	17.5–22.8	20.5	1.0
Interbranchial distance	19.0	65	18.6–22.1	20.2	0.8
Thoracic length	23.7	65	22.7–27.8	24.9	1.2
Abdominal length	23.3	65	21.8–25.0	22.9	0.7
Head-pectoral length	29.4	65	26.3–31.4	29.0	0.9
Percents of head length
Snout length	58.6	65	48.5–61.7	58.1	2.0
Orbital diameter	17.7	65	15.6–22.3	19.5	1.5
Interorbital width	45.9	65	39.7–47.3	43.4	1.8
Internostril distance	22.5	65	18.7–23.7	21.1	1.2
Orbital-nostril distance	6.7	65	6.7–9.7	8.1	0.8
Occipital depth	53.2	65	42.7–57.3	48.2	2.7
Mouth width	53.3	61	44.4–70.7	56.5	5.7
Head-eye length	42.2	65	36.2–44.8	41.0	1.4
Mouth length	47.9	62	40.3–52.1	47.7	2.3
Premaxillary tooth cup length	12.1	62	10.1–19.4	13.5	2.2
Dentary tooth cup length	11.1	64	8.8–18.0	11.9	1.7

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Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

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A new species of <i>Ancistrus</i> (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Tapajós and Xingu basins, Brazil

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[1] Edited-by

George Mattox