A diversidade funcional tem sido avaliada principalmente através de traços funcionais morfológicos que refletem as dimensões da alimentação e locomoção. A Riqueza Funcional foi a métrica mais comumente usada nos estudos. Esses resultados sugerem que a negligência política e a falta de investimentos podem dificultar o desenvolvimento de pesquisas em diversas regiões. A falta de informações sobre os traços funcionais de muitas espécies limita o uso da abordagem funcional. Destaca-se também a necessidade de incorporar a diversidade funcional em programas de conservação, uma vez que a diversidade funcional é uma faceta chave da biodiversidade para manter o funcionamento dos ecossistemas de água doce.

Palavras-chave:
Ecossistemas aquáticos; Ecologia funcional; Regiões biogeográficas; Revisão sistemática; Traços funcionais

Autoria

Louise C. Gomes

Conceptualization

Methodology

Writing-original draft

Writing-review and editing

Pós Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (LCG) louise-cristina@hotmail.com (corresponding author).Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilPós Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (LCG) louise-cristina@hotmail.com (corresponding author).

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-3331

Rosa M. Dias

Conceptualization

Methodology

Writing-review

editing

PNPD/CAPES, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (RMD) rmdias.ictio@gmail.com.Universidade Estadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilPNPD/CAPES, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (RMD) rmdias.ictio@gmail.com.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5898-0350

Renata Ruaro

Conceptualization

Methodology

Writing-review

editing

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 81280-340Curitiba, PR, Brazil. (RR) renataruaro_@hotmail.com.Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáBrazilCuritiba, PR, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 81280-340Curitiba, PR, Brazil. (RR) renataruaro_@hotmail.com.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-3338

Evanilde Benedito

Supervision

Writing-review

editing

Laboratório de Ecologia Energética, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), UniversidadeEstadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (EB) eva@nupelia.uem.brUniversidadeEstadual de MaringáBrazilMaringá, PR, BrazilLaboratório de Ecologia Energética, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), UniversidadeEstadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. (EB) eva@nupelia.uem.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3494-9949

Edited-by

Lilian Casatti

Correspondence

Louise C. Gomes louise-cristina@hotmail.com

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (4)
Tabelas (2)

Thumbnail

FIGURE 1 |
Temporal trend of the number of published articles on the functional diversity of fish in freshwater ecosystems.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 2 |
A. World map showing the distribution of research effort among biogeographic realms; B. Pie charts represent the number of studies in each type of aquatic environment per realm. *Global: studies that evaluated more than one biogeographic realm.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 3 |
A. Distribution of the general backgrounds in studies on the functional diversity of freshwater fish over time; B. Distribution of the central objectives in studies in each biogeographic realm.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 4 |
A. Total number functional traits types found in our review; B. Total number of functional traits in each category. (Feed = Feeding, Locom = Locomotion, Hab.U = Habitat use, Lif.H = Life history, Phys = Phsysiology) (see Tab. S3).

Thumbnail

TABLE 1 |
Extracted data from the articles, description of the classification and applcation for each topic analyzed.

Thumbnail

TABLE 2 |
List of functional diversity indices in the reviewed studies, number of studies that used the index and a brief description of each index. *The number of studies does not correspond to the total number of studies reviewed, but the number of studies that used functional indices to measure the functional diversity.

FIGURE 1 | Temporal trend of the number of published articles on the functional diversity of fish in freshwater ecosystems.

FIGURE 2 | A. World map showing the distribution of research effort among biogeographic realms; B. Pie charts represent the number of studies in each type of aquatic environment per realm. *Global: studies that evaluated more than one biogeographic realm.

FIGURE 3 | A. Distribution of the general backgrounds in studies on the functional diversity of freshwater fish over time; B. Distribution of the central objectives in studies in each biogeographic realm.

FIGURE 4 | A. Total number functional traits types found in our review; B. Total number of functional traits in each category. (Feed = Feeding, Locom = Locomotion, Hab.U = Habitat use, Lif.H = Life history, Phys = Phsysiology) (see Tab. S3).

TABLE 1 | Extracted data from the articles, description of the classification and applcation for each topic analyzed.

Extracted data	Classification	Application
a) Year of publication	1945–2021	Used to determine the temporal trend of publications.
b) Biogeographic realm	Palearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical, Indomalayan, Australian, Afrotropical, and Global (when the study assessed more than one region).	Used to identify the distribution of research effort among biogeographic realms.
c) Freshwater environment	River, Stream, Lake, Reservoir, Floodplain, and several (when the study assessed more than one environment).	Used to verify the type of freshwater ecosystem most assessed.
d) General background	1) Biological invasion; 2) Climate change; 3) Conservation; 4) Environmental factors; 5) Environmental filtering; 6) Flood pulse; 7) Functional structure; 8) Habitat heterogeneity; 9) Impoundments; 10) Land use; 11) Lateral connectivity; 12) Methodological; 13) Multiple stressors; 14) Taxonomic and functional patterns	Classification based on the main objectives of the studies.
e) Functional trait	Ecological traits; morphological traits	Classification based on the type of trait measure. Used to identify the traits most applied to assess functional diversity.
f) Functional category	Feeding; Habitat use; Life History; Locomotion; and Physiology (Classified according to Villéger et al., 2017).	Identify which functional category with the greatest number of traits evaluated.
g) Functional diversity index	All indices found in the reviewed studies.	Used to identify the main index applied to quantify the functional diversity of fish.

TABLE 2 | List of functional diversity indices in the reviewed studies, number of studies that used the index and a brief description of each index. *The number of studies does not correspond to the total number of studies reviewed, but the number of studies that used functional indices to measure the functional diversity.

Functional diversity index	Number of studies*	Description	References
Functional Richness (FRic)	64	Volume of the functional space occupied by the community	*Mason et al. (2005)Mason NWH, Mouillot D, Lee WG, Wilson JB. Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: the primary components of functional diversity. Oikos. 2005; 111(1):112–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13886.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005... , Villéger et al. (2008)*Villéger S, Mason NWH, Mouillot D. New multidimensional functional diversity indices for a multifaceted framework in functional ecology. Ecology. 2008; 89(8):2290–301. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27650754 https://www.jstor.org/stable/27650754...
Functional Evenness (FEve)	46	Sum of the minimum spanning tree branch length weighted by relative abundance of the two species	*Mason et al. (2005)Mason NWH, Mouillot D, Lee WG, Wilson JB. Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: the primary components of functional diversity. Oikos. 2005; 111(1):112–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13886.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005... , Villéger et al. (2008)*Villéger S, Mason NWH, Mouillot D. New multidimensional functional diversity indices for a multifaceted framework in functional ecology. Ecology. 2008; 89(8):2290–301. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27650754 https://www.jstor.org/stable/27650754...
Functional Divergence (FDiv)	34	Species deviance from the mean distance to the center of gravity weighted by relative abundance	*Mason et al. (2005)Mason NWH, Mouillot D, Lee WG, Wilson JB. Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: the primary components of functional diversity. Oikos. 2005; 111(1):112–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13886.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005... , Villéger et al. (2008)*Villéger S, Mason NWH, Mouillot D. New multidimensional functional diversity indices for a multifaceted framework in functional ecology. Ecology. 2008; 89(8):2290–301. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27650754 https://www.jstor.org/stable/27650754...
Functional Dispersion (FDis)	34	Mean distance in functional space of individual species to the centroid of all species	Laliberté, Legendre (2010)Laliberté E, Legendre P. A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from multiple traits. Ecology. 2010; 91(1):299–305. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25661046 https://www.jstor.org/stable/25661046...
Rao (Q)	19	Sum of species distance weighed by abundance	Botta-Dukát (2005)Botta-Dukát Z. Rao’s quadratic entropy as a measure of functional diversity based on multiple traits. J Veg Sci. 2005; 16(5):533–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02393.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005... , Ricotta, Moretti (2011)Ricotta C, Moretti M. CWM and Rao’s quadratic diversity: a unified framework for functional ecology. Oecologia. 2011; 167:181–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-1965-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-1965-...
Functional Originality (FOri)	10	Mean distance between each species and its nearest neighbour in the functional space	*Mouillot et al. (2013)*Mouillot D, Graham NAJ, Villéger S, Mason NWH, Bellwood DR. A functional approach reveals community responses to disturbances. Trends Ecol Evol. 2013; 28(3):167–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.0...
Functional Specialization (FSpe)	8	Mean Euclidean distance between each species and the average position of all species in the functional space	*Mouillot et al. (2013)*Mouillot D, Graham NAJ, Villéger S, Mason NWH, Bellwood DR. A functional approach reveals community responses to disturbances. Trends Ecol Evol. 2013; 28(3):167–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.0...
Functional Redundancy (FRed)	8	Difference between species diversity (Gini-Simpson diversity index) and Rao; average number of species or as mean abundance or biomass per functional group	*de Bello et al. (2007)Bello F, Lepš J, Lavorel S, Moretti M. Importance of species abundance for assessment of trait composition: an example based on pollinator communities. Commun Ecol. 2007; 8(2):163–70. https://doi.org/10.1556/ComEc.8.2007.2.3 https://doi.org/10.1556/ComEc.8.2007.2.3... , Laliberté et al. (2010)*Laliberté E, Wells JA, DeClerck F, Metcalfe DJ, Catterall CP, Queiroz C et al. Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and response diversity in plant communities. Ecol Lett. 2010; 13(1):76–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01403.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009...
Functional Diversity (FD)	3	Sum of the largest branch of the functional dendrogram	Petchey, Gaston (2002)Petchey OL, Gaston KJ. Functional diversity (FD), species richness and community composition. Ecol Lett. 2002; 5(3):402–11. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00339.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002...
Functional Uniqueness (FUni)	3	Ratio between Rao index and the Simpson diversity index, relating functional diversity to the maximum dissimilarity value of the community	*Ricotta et al. 2016*Ricotta C, Bello F, Moretti M, Caccianiga M, Cerabolini BEL, Pavoine S. Measuring the functional redundancy of biological communities: A quantitative guide. Methods Ecol Evol. 2016; 7(11):1386–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12604 https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12604...
Functional Identity	2	Expressed as the biomass-weighted mean trait value for a community	*Mouillot et al. (2011)*Mouillot D, Villéger S, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Mason NWH. Functional structure of biological communities predicts ecosystem multifunctionality. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(3):e17476. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017476 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.001...
Functional Vulnerability	2	Sum of the total number of functional entities and the number of species in functional entity	*Mouillot et al. (2014)*Mouillot D, Villeger S, Parravicini V, Kulbicki M, Arias-Gonzáles JE, Bender M et al. Functional over-redundancy and high-functional vulnerability in global fish faunas on tropical reefs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014; 111(38):13757–62. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317625111 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317625111...
Mean Pairwise Distance (MPD)	2	The average of the distances between pairs of species in the focal community	Webb (2000)Webb CO. Exploring the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities: an example for rain forest trees. Am Nat. 2000; 156(2):145–55. https://doi.org/10.1086/303378 https://doi.org/10.1086/303378...
Mean Nearest Taxon Distance (MNTD)	1	The average of distances between the species of focal community with the respective functionally most similar species (“neighbor closer”)	Webb (2000)Webb CO. Exploring the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities: an example for rain forest trees. Am Nat. 2000; 156(2):145–55. https://doi.org/10.1086/303378 https://doi.org/10.1086/303378...
Functional Regularity Index (FRO)	1	Species evenness in functional space weighted by species abundances	*Mouillot et al. (2005)*Mouillot D, Mason NWH, Dumay O, Wilson JB. Functional regularity: a neglected aspect of functional diversity. Oecologia. 2005; 142:353–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1744-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1744-...
Functional Distinctiveness	1	Functional dissimilarity of one species in relation to the other species of the community, representing functional redundancy	*Grenié et al. (2017)*Grenié M, Denelle P, Tucker CM, Munoz F, Violle C. funrar: an R package to characterize functional rarity. Divers Distrib. 2017; 23(12):1365–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12629 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12629...

Como citar

copiar

Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Neotropical Ichthyology, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá., Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Phone number: +55 44-3011-4632 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: neoichth@nupelia.uem.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Mensagem

[1] Edited-by

Lilian Casatti