Uma nova espécie de Moenkhausia do rio Culuene, bacia do rio Xingu é descrita aqui através da utilização de dados morfológicos e genéticos. Esta nova espécie difere de todas as suas congêneres por possuir a seguinte combinação de caracteres: a presença da porção posterior do corpo e a base das nadadeiras anal, adiposa e pélvicas avermelhadas em espécimes vivos; uma faixa meio-lateral escura que se estende da margem posterior do opérculo até os raios medianos da nadadeira caudal, tornando-se larga a partir da origem da nadadeira dorsal; ausência de uma mancha na região umeral; ausência de mancha nos lobos da nadadeira caudal; por ter uma concentração de pigmentos escuros na margem anterior dos raios da nadadeira caudal; e presença de 2–3 dentes no maxilar. Uma breve discussão sobre suas prováveis relações com as demais congêneres é apresentada.

Palavras-chave:
Bacia Amazônica; DNA mitocondrial; Moenkhausia lopesi; Taxonomia; Piaba

Autoria

Lais Reia

Conceptualization

Data curation

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Validation

Writing-original draft

Writing-review and editing

Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio C. W. Zanin, s/n, Rubião Jr., 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.Universidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilBotucatu, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio C. W. Zanin, s/n, Rubião Jr., 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0158-5592

Gabriel de Sousa Costa e Silva

Data curation

Conceptualization

Investigation

Writing-original draft

Writing-review and editing

Department of Ichthyology, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 19103-1195, Philadelphia, PA, USA.Drexel UniversityUSAPhiladelphia, PA, USADepartment of Ichthyology, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 19103-1195, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-3175

Claudio Oliveira

Data curation

Funding acquisition

Methodology

Resources

Writing-review and editing

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-8880

Ricardo Cardoso Benine

Data curation

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Validation

Writing-review and editing

Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio C. W. Zanin, s/n, Rubião Jr., 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.Universidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilBotucatu, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio C. W. Zanin, s/n, Rubião Jr., 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-9768

Edited-by

Paulo Lucinda

Correspondence

Lais Reia laisreia@yahoo.com.br

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Ethical Statement

Collecting permits were issued by the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio 13843–5). The use of animals in this research was conducted under Brazilian animal welfare laws, and the research was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Instituto de Biociências, UNESP (protocol number 1058/2020).

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (7)
Tabelas (3)

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FIGURE 1 |
Moenkhausia aurora, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, municipality of Primavera do Leste, rio Culuene. A. LBP 34895, 37.5 mm SL, holotype, male; B. LBP 30660, 34 mm SL, paratype, male; C. LBP 30660, 31.4 mm SL, paratype, male.

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FIGURE 2 |
Medial view of the left side of maxilla, premaxilla, and dentary. Moenkhausia aurora, paratype, LBP 16660, 34.8 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Primavera do Leste, rio Culuene. Scale bar = 1 mm.

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FIGURE 3 |
Color in life of Moenkhausia aurora (A), paratype, LBP 30660, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, municipality of Primavera do Leste, rio Culuene. Specimen not measured. Photo by Eric V. Ywamoto; and Moenkhausia lopesi (B) from Mato Grosso State, municipality of Sonora, rio Piquiri drainage, rio Paraguay basin. Specimen not measured. Photo by Heriberto G. Junior.

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FIGURE 4 |
The relationship between standard length and pelvic-fin length in Moenkhausia aurora.

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FIGURE 5 |
Map of central South America indicating the type locality (triangle) of Moenkhausia aurora.

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FIGURE 6 |
The type-locality of Moenkhausia aurora, rio Culuene, municipality of Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Photo by Camila Souza.

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FIGURE 7 |
Maximum likelihood tree of species of the group Moenkhausialopesi based on the COI gene (600pb). Bars represent the number of species obtained by the ASAP and PTP analyses. Bootstrap values above 50% are represented by numbers near the nodes.

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TABLE 1 |
Collection, vouchers, distributions, and Genbank number of species analyzed.

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TABLE 2 |
Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes of Moenkhausiaaurora. SD = Standard deviation.

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TABLE 3 |
Genetic distances and S.D. of species analyzed in this study based on the TN93+G model. Intraspecific distances are marked in bold.

FIGURE 1 | Moenkhausia aurora, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, municipality of Primavera do Leste, rio Culuene. A. LBP 34895, 37.5 mm SL, holotype, male; B. LBP 30660, 34 mm SL, paratype, male; C. LBP 30660, 31.4 mm SL, paratype, male.

FIGURE 2 | Medial view of the left side of maxilla, premaxilla, and dentary. Moenkhausia aurora, paratype, LBP 16660, 34.8 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Primavera do Leste, rio Culuene. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 | Color in life of Moenkhausia aurora (A), paratype, LBP 30660, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, municipality of Primavera do Leste, rio Culuene. Specimen not measured. Photo by Eric V. Ywamoto; and Moenkhausia lopesi (B) from Mato Grosso State, municipality of Sonora, rio Piquiri drainage, rio Paraguay basin. Specimen not measured. Photo by Heriberto G. Junior.

FIGURE 4 | The relationship between standard length and pelvic-fin length in Moenkhausia aurora.

FIGURE 5 | Map of central South America indicating the type locality (triangle) of Moenkhausia aurora.

FIGURE 6 | The type-locality of Moenkhausia aurora, rio Culuene, municipality of Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Photo by Camila Souza.

FIGURE 7 | Maximum likelihood tree of species of the group Moenkhausialopesi based on the COI gene (600pb). Bars represent the number of species obtained by the ASAP and PTP analyses. Bootstrap values above 50% are represented by numbers near the nodes.

TABLE 1 | Collection, vouchers, distributions, and Genbank number of species analyzed.

Species	Collection	Voucher	Locality (river/basin/city/state/country)	Geographic coordinates	Genbank
Moenkhausia aurantia	LBP 18999	75410	Roncador/Tocantins basin/São João da Aliança/GO/Brazil	14°43’51.3”S 47°32’34.0”W	OR922605
Moenkhausia sp. n.	LBP 16063	66490	Culuene/Xingu basin/Primavera do Leste/MT/Brazil	14°38’21.2”S 53°55’35.3”W	OR922604
Moenkhausia sp. n.	LBP 30660	105627	Culuene/Xingu basin/Primavera do Leste/MT/Brazil	14°38’21.2”S 53°55’35.3”W	OR922602
		105628	Culuene/Xingu basin/Primavera do Leste/MT/Brazil	14°38’21.2”S 53°55’35.3”W	OR922603
Moenkhausia bonita	CI-FML 7395	A-4	Bermejo basin/Orán/Salta/Argentina	23°07’00.0”S 64°30’00.0”W	MK928340
Moenkhausia bonita	LBP 3783	22244	Negro/Paraguai basin/Aquidauana/MS/Brazil	19°34’17.3”S 56°14’44.8’’W	OR922616
		22246	Negro/Paraguai basin/Aquidauana/MS/Brazil	19°34’17.3”S 56°14’44.8’’W	OR922619
Moenkhausia bonita	LBP 3740	22186	Negro/Paraguai basin/Aquidauana/MS/Brazil	19°34’54.6”S 56°15’16.5’’W	OR922609
Moenkhausia bonita	LBP 8153	38041	Cacequi/Uruguai basin/Casequi/RS/Brazil	29°53’51.1”S 54°51’05.0”W	OR922607
Moenkhausia bonita	LBP 8546	43281	Sepotuba/Paraguay basin/Tangará da Serra/MT/Brazil	14°20’32.6” 57°31’22.5’’W	OR922618
		43283	Sepotuba/Paraguay basin/Tangará da Serra/MT/Brazil	14°20’32.6” 57°31’22.5’’W	OR922617
		43284	Sepotuba/Paraguay basin/Tangará da Serra/MT/Brazil	14°20’32.6” 57°31’22.5’’W	OR922608
Moenkhausia bonita	LBP 9699	45818	São Bento/upper Paraná basin/Nova Andradina/MS/Brazil	22°08’56.9”S 53°25’34.8”W	OR922612
		45819	São Bento/upper Paraná basin/Nova Andradina/MS/Brazil	22°08’56.9”S 53°25’34.8”W	OR922615
Moenkhausia bonita	LBP 13171	55083	Uruguay basin/Uruguaiana/RS/Brazil	29°30’42.8”S 56°43’09.9”W	OR922610
		55084	Uruguay basin/Uruguaiana/RS/Brazil	29°30’42.8”S 56°43’09.9”W	OR922611
Moenkhausia bonita	LBP 13171	55085	Uruguay basin/Uruguaiana/RS/Brazil	29°30’42.8”S 56°43’09.9”W	OR922614
		55086	Uruguay basin/Uruguaiana/RS/Brazil	29°30’42.8”S 56°43’09.9”W	OR922613
Moenkhausia bonita	LBP 12158	51913	Paraguay basin/Cáceres/MT/Brazil	16°03’48.7”S 57°42’27.0”W	OR922620
		51914	Paraguay basin/Cáceres/MT/Brazil	16°03’48.7”S 57°42’27.0”W	OR922621
Moenkhausia aff. lopesi	LBP 8550	43297	Sepotuba/Paraguai basin/Tangará da Serra/MT/Brazil	14°20’32.6”S 57°31’22.5’’W	OR922606
Moenkhausia aff. lopesi	LBP 30595	105766	Mutum/Juruena basin/Padronal/MT/Brazil	13°05’08.7”S 59°53’32.0”W	OR922601
Moenkhausia lopesi	LBP 33989	114736	Correntes/Piquiri basin/Paraguai/basin/Sonora/MS/Brazil	17°36’21.0”S 54°11’18.0”W	OR922622
		114737	Correntes/Piquiri basin/Paraguai/basin/Sonora/MS/Brazil	17°36’21.0”S 54°11’18.0”W	OR922623
Moenkhausia cf. lopesi	LBP 10237	47790	Manso/Paraguay basin/Campo Verde/MT/Brazil	15°30’17.2”S 55°21’53.9”W	OR922624
		47791	Manso/Paraguay basin/Campo Verde/MT/Brazil	15°30’17.2”S 55°21’53.9”W	OR922625
Hemigrammus marginatus	930249	DCC01369	São Francisco basin/MG/Brazil	19°46’26.4”S 45°27’46.8”W	HM906017
Psellogrammus kennedyi	LBP 5220	26408	upper rio Paraná basin/Porto Rico/MS/Brazil	22°47’29”S 53°20’58”W	JN989170

TABLE 2 | Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes of Moenkhausiaaurora. SD = Standard deviation.

	Holotype	N	Range	Mean	SD
Standart length	37.9	44	28.1-43.0	34.2	-
Porcentages of standart length
Greatest depth	36.8	44	29.9-36.8	34.0	1.7
Snout to dorsal-fin origin	52.0	44	49.8-54.2	51.6	1.0
Snout to pelvic-fin origin	47.2	44	41.4-51.0	47.5	1.7
Snout to pectoral-fin origin	29.4	44	26.7-30.1	28.4	0.8
Snout to anal-fin origin	63.6	44	60.1-67.2	62.9	1.8
Caudal peduncle depth	11.8	44	10.4-12.3	11.4	0.5
Caudal peduncle length	11.4	44	9.7-13.9	11.4	0.9
Pectoral-fin length	25.3	44	21.1-26.3	23.8	1.2
Pelvic-fin length	21.0	44	15.5-21.6	18.3	1.5
Dorsal-fin length	32.4	43	25.5-33.5	29.5	1.9
Dorsal-fin base	14.5	44	12.4-15.7	13.9	0.7
Anal-fin length	20.8	43	16.9-22.8	19.5	1.4
Anal-fin base	30.8	44	26.9-34.0	30.3	1.8
Eye to dorsal-fin origin	36.6	44	34.0-38.9	36.7	1.2
Dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin origin	53.7	44	50.6-55.3	52.7	1.2
Head depth	19.9	43	18.4-22.3	20.7	0.9
Head length	27.8	44	26.0-29.5	27.6	0.8
Porcentages of head length
Orbital diameter	40.0	44	36.9-47.4	42.2	2.5
Interorbital distance	32.6	44	30.2-34.4	32.0	1.2
Snout length	27.2	44	20.0-31.6	26.7	3.3
Upper jaw length	48.4	44	46.8-53.3	50.3	1.7

TABLE 3 | Genetic distances and S.D. of species analyzed in this study based on the TN93+G model. Intraspecific distances are marked in bold.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1.M. aff. lopesi rio Juruena	-
2. H. marginatus	0.085±0.013	-
3.M. aurora	0.092±0.014	0.07±0.012	0±0
4.M. aurantia	0.086±0.014	0.071±0.012	0.058±0.011	-
5.M. aff. lopesi rio Sepotuba	0.099±0.015	0.072±0.012	0.056±0.010	0.026±0.007	-
6.M. bonita	0.094±0.015	0.073±0.012	0.060±0.010	0.030±0.007	0.022±0.006	0.004±0.001
7.M. cf. lopesi rio Manso	0.099±0.015	0.069±0.012	0.054±0.010	0.037±0.008	0.041±0.009	0.038±0.008	0±0
8.M. lopesi rio Piquiri	0.102±0.016	0.080±0.013	0.059±0.010	0.044±0.009	0.053±0.010	0.045±0.009	0.034±0.008	0.001±0.001

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[1] Edited-by

Paulo Lucinda