Species diversity and molecular taxonomy of symbiotic crustaceans on <i>Portunus pelagicu</i>s (Linnaeus, 1758) in Vietnam, with remarks on host records and morphological variation

Dang, Binh Thuy; Tran, Sang Quang; Truong, Oanh Thi; Le, Oanh Thi Kieu; Vu, Quyen Dang Ha

doi:10.1590/2358-2936e2022027

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Original Article • Nauplius 30 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2022027 copy

Species diversity and molecular taxonomy of symbiotic crustaceans on Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Vietnam, with remarks on host records and morphological variation

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Abstract

The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)) is an economically and ecologically important species in Vietnam, and a potential subject for aquaculture as well. More than 400 individual crabs were collected along the Vietnamese coastline and examined for ectosymbiotic crustaceans. Two molecular markers (28S rRNA and COI mtDNA) were applied for species delineation. Seven species were reported and described, of which six are cirripede barnacles (Thecostraca, Thoracia); and one parasitic copepod Choniosphaera indica Gnanamuthu, 1954 (Copepoda, Podoplea). Four species (Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758), Semibalanus sp., Octolasmis neptuni (MacDonald, 1869), and Dianajonesia tridens (Aurivillius, 1894)) were the first records for both host and location. The symbiotic crustaceans occupy specific niches on the crab body, and vary in their infestation status. Molecular taxonomy of symbiotic crustaceans was classified and confirmed based on sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses.

Keywords:
Crustaceans; infestation; phylogeny; Portunidae; symbionts

Ecoregion	Sampling location	Longitude	Latitude	No. of Individuals
North	Cat Ba Island - Hai Phong	107°00’57.25”E	20°45’01.745”N	91
North	Ha Long Bay - Quang Ninh	107°04’59.42”E	20°56’55.43”N	58
Central	Nha Trang and Van Phong Bay - Khanh Hoa	109°13’02.39”E 109°21’31.60”E	12°12’46.85”N 12°29’40.12”N	100
Central	Song Cau and Tuy Hoa - Phu Yen	109°13’46.54”E 109°18’48.98”E	13°27’36.21”N 13°05’02.596”N	100
South	Phu Quoc Island - Kien Giang	103°57’11.07”E	10°13’23.06”N	41
South	Rach Gia - Kien Giang	105° 04’28.85”E	90°59’23.39”N	89

Species	Prevalence Mean Intensity	Infection sites	COI mtDNA	28S rRNA	Host/substrata
I. Class: Thecostraca, Subclass: Cirripedia, Infraclass: Thoracica
I.1. Order: Lepadiformes
Octolasmis angulata	75.57 57.26±93.06	(2), (3), (5)	MH753551	MH727736	Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Octolasmis neptuni	11.48 21.55±30.26	(2), (3), (5)	MK541906	MH727737	Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Octolasmis warwicki	15.45 23±31.12	(1), (2), (3), (4)	MH753552	MH727739	Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Octolasmis cor*			KC138499	EU082326	NI
Octolasmis sp.*			x	EU082327	NI
Octolasmis unguisiformis*			LC467960	LC467957	Sea urchin (Echinothrix diadema)
Dianajonesia tridens	19.00 7.95±8.49	(2), (3), (4), (5)	MH753553	MH727738	Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
I.2. Order: Sessilia
Chelonibia testudinaria	14.82 9.32±9.96	(1), (2), (6)	MH753554	MK087648	Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Chelonibia testudinaria*			KF042514	AB723914	Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Chelonibia testudinaria*			KF042515	KM217527	Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate)
Chelonibia patula*			JF823674	EU082295	Mud crab (Scylla serrata)
Chelonibia manati* (= C. testudinaria)			JN589813	AB723917	West Indian manatee(Trichechus manatus)
Chelonibia caretta*			KF042512	AB723915	Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate)
Chelonibia caretta*			KF042513	KM217526	Loggerhead Sea turtle (Caretta caretta)
Semibalanus cariosus*			KM611728	AY520593	NI
S. balanoides*			MF748337	EU370440	NI
Semibalanus sp.	0.21/6	(1)	MH753555	MH727740	Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Sacculina carcini*			KT209175	AY520622	NI
II. Class: Copepoda, Superorder: Podoplea
II.1. Order: Siphonostomatoida
Choniosphaera indica	2.09 20.90±4.97	(3)	MK541907	MK087649	Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Asterocheres lilljeborgi*			KR049050	KR048868	NI
Parabrachiella hugu*			KT030285	KR048861	NI
II.2. Order: Harpacticoida
Canthocamptus staphylinus*			MF077881	MF077853	NI
C. coreensis*			KT030277	KR048886	NI

No.	Studied species	28S rRNA				COI mtDNA
No.	Studied species	Reference species	Query cover (%)	% Identity	GB Accession no.	Query cover (%)	% Identity	GB Accession no.
1	Octolasmis angulata	Octolasmis cor	100	98.1	EU082326	X	X
		Octolasmis unguisiformis	99	91.5	LC467957	X	X
		Octolasmis angulata	X	X		100	100	KC138498
2	Octolasmis neptuni	Octolasmis sp.	100	99.2	EU082327	X	X
		Octolasmis unguisiformis	99	91	LC467957	X	X
		Octolasmis cor	X	X		100	98.9	KC138500
3	Octolasmis warwicki	Octolasmis warwicki	100	100	EU082328	100	100	KC138501
3	Octolasmis warwicki	Octolasmis cor	100	93	EU082326	X	X
4	Dianajonesia tridens	Octolasmis cor	100	93	EU082326	X	X
		Octolasmis sp.	100	93	EU082327	X	X
		Dichelaspis hawaiense	X	X		100	84.5	KF484230
5	Chelonibia testudinaria	Chelonibia patula	100	99.9	EU082295	100	99.8	JF823668
		Chelonibia manati	100	99.7	AB723917	X	X
		Chelonibia testudinaria	100	99.7	AB723914	100	99.8	AY174338
6	Semibalanus sp.	Semibalanus cariosus	100	93.4	AY520593	100	100	KM611728
6	Semibalanus sp.	Semibalanus balanoides	100	93.4	EU370440	X	X
7	Choniosphaera indica	Asterocheres aesthetes	69	90.3	KR048857	X	X
7	Choniosphaera indica	Asterocheres lilljeborgi	66	91	KR048868	X	X

A. 28S rRNA
I. Subclass: Thecostraca
I.I. Superorder: Thoracica, Order: Lepadiformes
Family: Poecilasmatidae
Seq->		1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	Octolasmis angulata	ID	6,1	7,1	6,5	1,9	10,1	7,3
2	Octolasmis neptuni	93,9	ID	8,3	0,7	6,3	10,4	6,9
3	Octolasmis warwicki	92,9	91,7	ID	8,4	7,4	12,2	9,2
4	Octolasmis sp. EU082327	93,5	99,3	91,6	ID	6,6	10,7	7,3
5	Octolasmis cor EU082326	98,1	93,7	92,6	93,4	ID	11	7,3
6	Octolasmis unguisiformis LC467957	89,9	89,6	87,8	89,3	89	ID	9,7
7	Dianajonesia tridens	92,7	93,1	90,8	92,7	92,7	90,3	ID
I.2. Superorder: Thoracica, Order: Sessilia
Family: Balanidae
Seq->		1	2	3
1	Semibalanus sp.	ID	7,6	7,9
2	Semibalanus cariosus AY520593	92,4	ID	1,3
3	Semibalanus balanoides EU370440	92,1	98,7	ID
Family: Chelonibiidae
Seq->		1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	Chelonibia testudinaria	ID	0,3	0,4	2,7	0,2	4,4	6,1
2	Chelonibia manati AB723917	99,7	ID	0,4	2,7	0,2	4,7	6,4
3	Chelonibia testudinaria AB723914	99,6	99,6	ID	2,3	0,3	4,4	6,1
4	Chelonibia testudinaria KM217527	97,3	97,3	97,7	ID	2,5	5,7	4
5	Chelonibia patula EU082295	99,8	99,8	99,7	97,5	ID	4,6	6,3
6	Chelonibia caretta AB723915	95,6	95,3	95,6	94,3	95,4	ID	2,4
7	Chelonibia caretta KM217526	93,9	93,6	93,9	96	93,7	97,6	ID
II. Subclass: Copepoda
Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Siphonostomatoida
Seq->		1	2	3	4	5
1	Choniosphaera indica	ID	24,9	27,3	29,7	30,3
2	Asterocheres lilljeborgi KR048868	75,1	ID	18,6	20,1	21,8
3	Parabrachiella hugu KR048861	72,7	81,4	ID	24,6	25,8
Order: Harpacticoida
4	Canthocamptus staphylinus MF077853	70,3	79,9	75,4	ID	10,2
5	Canthocamptus coreensis KR048886	69,7	78,2	74,2	89,8	ID
B. COI mtDNA
I. Subclass: Thecostraca
I.I. Superorder: Thoracica, Order: Lepadiformes
Family: Poecilasmatidae
Seq->		1	2	3	4	5	6
1	Octolasmis angulata	ID	16	14,5	17,6	18,7	17,8
2	Octolasmis neptuni	84	ID	14,7	19,7	20,6	18,1
3	Octolasmis warwicki	85,5	85,3	ID	16,9	17,8	15,7
4	Octolasmis cor KC138499	82,4	80,3	83,1	ID	19,4	18,8
5	Octolasmis unguisiformis LC467960	81,3	79,4	82,2	80,6	ID	21,3
6	Dianajonesia tridens	82,2	81,9	84,3	81,2	78,7	ID
I.2. Superorder: Thoracica, Order: Sessilia
Family: Balanidae
Seq->		1	2	3
1	Semibalanus sp.	ID	0	14,7
2	Semibalanus cariosus KM611728	100	ID	14,7
Family: Chelonibiidae
Seq->		1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	Chelonibia testudinaria	ID	10,3	1,1	1,3	0,7	17,6	17,4
2	Chelonibia manati JN589813	89,7	ID	10	9,6	9,8	16,7	16,6
3	Chelonibia testudinaria KF042514	98,9	90	ID	0,9	0,4	17,1	16,9
4	Chelonibia testudinaria KF042515	98,7	90,4	99,1	ID	0,6	17,3	17,1
5	Chelonibia patula JF823674	99,3	90,2	99,6	99,4	ID	17,3	17,1
6	Chelonibia caretta KF042512	82,4	83,3	82,9	82,7	82,7	ID	0,7
7	Chelonibia caretta KF042513	82,6	83,4	83,1	82,9	82,9	99,3	ID
II. Subclass: Copepoda
Superorder: Podoplea
Order: Siphonostomatoida
Seq->		1	2	3	4	5
1	Choniosphaera indica	ID	42,2	44,5	43,3	43,3
2	Asterocheres lilljeborgi KR049050	57,8	ID	26,6	29,5	28,3
3	Parabrachiella hugu KT030285	55,5	73,4	ID	30,2	21,4
Order: Harpacticoida
4	Canthocamptus staphylinus MF077881	56,7	70,5	69,8	ID	22,6
5	Canthocamptus coreensis KT030277	56,7	71,7	78,6	77,4	ID

Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 , Botucatu, SP, 18618-689 - Botucatu - SP - Brazil
E-mail: editor.nauplius@gmail.com

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AUTHOR Binh Thuy Dang binhdt@ntu.edu.vn