Enhancing the Supercapacitive and Superparamagnetic Performances of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles through Yttrium Cations Electro-chemical Doping

A one-pot electrosynthesis platform is reported for fabrication of Y³⁺ doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Y-IONPs). In this procedure, Y-IONPs are electro-deposited from an additive-free aqueous solution of iron(III) nitrate, iron(II) chloride and yttrium chloride. The analysis data provided by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed that the deposited Y-IONPs sample is composed of magnetite nanoparticles (size≈20nm) doped with about 10wt% Y³⁺ cations. The performance of the prepared Y-IONPs as supercapacitor electrode material was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostat charge-discharge (GCD) tests. The obtained electrochemical data showed that Y-IONPs provide SCs as high as 190.3 and 138.9 F g⁻¹ at the discharge loads of 0.25 and 1 A g⁻¹, respectively, and capacity retentions of 95.9% and 88.5% after 2000 GCD cycling. Furthermore, the results of vibrating sample magnetometer measurements confirmed better superparamagnetic behavior of Y-IONPs (Mr=0.32 emu g^-1 and H_Ci= 6.31 G) as compared with pure IONPs (Mr=0.95 emu g^-1 and H_Ci= 14.62 G) resulting from their lower Mr and Hci values. Based on the obtained results, the developed electro-synthesis method was introduced as a facile procedure for the preparation of high performance metal ion doped magnetite nanoparticles.

Keywords:
Iron oxide; Nanoparticles; Y³⁺ doping; Electrosynthesis; Supercapacitors