Development of Biodegradable Polymeric Films Added with CuO-NPS and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity

Costa, Kassyara Évelyn; Silva, Luciano Luiz; Martins, Maria Ana Pignatel Marcon; Santos, Janaina dos; Zanetti, Micheli; Dalcanton, Franciele; Bugiereck, Alexandra Monego; Colpani, Gustavo Lopes; Baretta, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche; Fiori, Márcio Antônio; Mello, Josiane Maria Muneron de

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2022-0626

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Article • Mat. Res. 26 (Suppl. 1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2022-0626 copy

Development of Biodegradable Polymeric Films Added with CuO-NPS and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This research was aimed to obtain biodegradable polymeric films with antifungal action against Aspergillus niger, through the addition of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) in the commercial polymer (Ecoflex®) and to evaluate its mechanical, morphological, biodegradation, and copper release properties. The microbiological results showed that the films with 4 wt% CuO-NPs inhibited 97.57% the growth of the fungus growth of 1×10⁵ spores·mL^-1 compared to the control. The morphological characterization revealed that the CuO-NPs presented irregular form with particles size of 50 to 400 nm and the XRD showed characteristic peaks of copper oxide. The addition of CuO-NPs to Ecoflex® provided increased maximum and rupture tension, strain, and elasticity modulus the obtained films with 1 wt% CuO-NPs and did not alter the biodegradability of the films. It can be said that, through the addition of CuO-NPs to Ecoflex®, it was possible to add antifungal activity for Aspergillus niger without compromising its biodegradability, meeting the safety standards established by legislation regarding the release of copper.

Keywords:
CuO-NPs; Ecoflex®; antimicrobial activity; antimicrobial packaging

Repetition	Percentage (wt%) CuO-NPs
Repetition	Control	0.50	1.00	1.50	2.00	2.50	3.00
1	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	+	-	-	-	-	-	-

Polymer film sample	Average number of colonies	Average colony area (cm²)	Inhibition Percentage (%)
Pure Ecoflex®	Countless^**	59.42±0^a*	0
Ecoflex® +1.0 wt% CuO-NPs	5.3±0.6^a*	9.27±6.7^b	84.39
Ecoflex® +1.5 wt% CuO-NPs	3.7±1.2^a.b	5.92±2.7^b	90.04
Ecoflex® +2.0 wt% CuO-NPs	2.7±0.6^b	2.27±1.2^b	96.17
Ecoflex® +4.0 wt% CuO-NPs	1.3±1.2^b	1.45±1.9^b	97.57

Polymer film sample	∆ H	∆ H	Tm	Tc	% degree of crystallinity (Ecoflex® as reference) ^*
Polymer film sample	(J·g^-1) Heating	(J·g^-1) Cooling	(°C)	(°C)	% degree of crystallinity (Ecoflex® as reference) ^*
1 wt% CuO-NPs	13.4699	-9.1276	82.83	123.85	18.5
2 wt% CuO-NPs	11.7526	-8.7744	86.36	123.93	13.9
4 wt% CuO-NPs	6.6017	-3.6832	102.85	123.85	-52.2³
Ecoflex®	10.0851¹	-7.7041	79.49¹	124.02	0.0
Ecoflex®	7.0499²	-7.7041	112.25²	124.02	0.0

Polymer film sample	Breaking Stress (MPa)	Rupture tension (MPa)	Strain (%)	Modulus of Elasticity (MPa)
Ecoflex® puro	5.78±0.86^a^* * Equal lowercase letters represent that there are no significant differences in the column (p<0.05).	2.81±0.49^a*	84.95±32.70^a*	3.63±1.02^a*
1 wt% CuO-NPs	11.88±1.95^b	5.71±0.52^b	161.52±51.46^b	3.16±0.21^a
1.5 wt% CuO-NPs	12.61±1.08^b	6.00±0.20^b	176.07±41.20^b	3.54±0.69^a
2 wt% CuO-NPs	12.68±0.48^b	5.55±0.41^b	185.24±21.88^b	3.03±0.49^a
4 wt% CuO-NPs	12.72±0.41^b	5.80±0.52^b	207.89±11.01^b	2.80±0.25^a

Polymer film sample	Copper concentration in solution (mg·L^-1)
Pure Ecoflex®	3.80×10^-4±2×10^-6a^* * Equal lowercase letters represent that there are no significant differences in the column (p<0.05).
Ecofle× ® + 1.0 wt% CuO-NPs	1.82×10^-3±9.7×10^-5b
Ecofle× ® + 1.5 wt% CuO-NPs	7.0×10^-4±3.5×10^-5c
Ecofle× ® + 2.0 wt% CuO-NPs	8.6×10^-4±2.3×10^-5c
Ecofle× ® + 4.0 wt% CuO-NPs	1.08×10^-3±5.6×10^-5d

Polymer film sample	Amount of CO₂ produced by 140 days of biodegradation test (mg)
Pure Ecofle×®	8,455.90±290.00^a^* * Equal lowercase letters represent that there are no significant differences in the column (p<0.05).
Ecofle×® +1 wt% CuO-NPs	8,218.80±168.50^a
Ecofle×® +2 wt% CuO-NPs	8,268.90±99.80^a
Ecofle×® +4 wt% CuO-NPs	8,219.40±52.30^a
polymer free soil	8,370.50±156.60^a

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