One-Step Synthesis of ZnO Films by Chemical Bath Deposition Not Using Thermal Annealing

Mendivil-Reynoso, T.; Flores-Acosta, M.; Cortez-Valadez, M.; Ochoa-Landin, R.; Castillo, S.J; Ramírez-Rodríguez, L.P.

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2023-0412

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Article • Mat. Res. 27 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2023-0412 copy

One-Step Synthesis of ZnO Films by Chemical Bath Deposition Not Using Thermal Annealing

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The novelty of the present study lies in synthesized ZnO film in a single step by chemical bath deposition. The typical conversion of zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)₂) into ZnO material through thermal annealing is not required. A direct synthesis has achieved using four different zinc salt sources, yielding equivalent results. All the synthesized ZnO films were non-specular and adhered well to the glass slide substrates. We present the results of the structural, optical, and morphological characterization techniques. These revealed a hexagonal structure, a band-gap energy of around 3.2 eV, and a hexagonal nanorod shape for all the synthesized ZnO films.

Keywords:
ZnO; Synthesis by CBD; Optical and morphologic properties

	Stock reagent solution or diluent	Volume (ml)
1	0.50 M zinc salt (ZnCl₂, Zn(NO₃)₂, ZnSO₄ or Zn(CH₃COO)₂)	12
2	1.00 M NH₄OH	3
3	0.10 M Na₂SO₄	5
4	Tri-distilled water	30

Used Zinc Salt	Mean crystallite size (nm)
ZnCl₂	26.1
Zn(CH₃COO)₂	18.8
Zn(NO₃)₂	18.1
ZnSO₄	16.0

vibration mode	Raman shift position (cm^-1)
vibration mode	This work	Damen et al.⁴²42 Damen TC, Porto SPS, Tell B. Raman effect in Zinc oxide. Phys Rev. 1966;142(2):570-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.142.570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.142.57...	Callender et al.⁴³43 Callender RH, Sussman SS, Selders M, Chang RK. Dispersion of Raman cross section in CdS and ZnO over a wide energy range. Phys Rev, B, Solid State. 1973;7(8):37883-3798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.7.3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.7.378...	Bairamov et al.⁴⁴44 Bairamov RH, Heinrich A, Irmer G, Toporov VV, Ziegler E. Raman study of the phonon halfwidths and the phonon: plasmon coupling in ZnO. Phys Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 1983;119(1):227-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221190126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.222119012...	Ashkenov et al.³⁹39 Ashkenov N, Mbenkum BN, Bundesmann C, Riede V, Lorenz M, Spemann D, et al. Infrared dielectric functions and phonon modes of high-quality ZnO films. J Appl Phys. 2003;93(1):126-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1526935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1526935...	Chandekar et al.⁴⁵45 Chandekar KV, Shkir M, Al-Shehri BM, AlFaify S, Halor RG, Khan A, et al. Visible light sensitive Cu doped ZnO: facile synthesis, characterization, and high photocatalytic response. Mater Charact. 2020;165:1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020... ,⁴⁶46 Chandekar KV, Shkir M, AlFaify S, Al-Shehri BM, Al-Namshah KS, Hamdy MS. A noticeable consistent improvement in photocatalytic efficiency of hazardous textile dye through facile flash combustion synthesized Li-doped ZnO nanoparticles. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2021;32(3):3437-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05090-z. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-050...
E₂ (L)	97	$~$ 101	-	$~$ 98	$~$ 102	99-97
2E₂ (L)	188-194	-	-	-	-	203-197
E₂(H)-E₂(L)	330	-	-	-	-	331-323
A₁ (TO)	384	$~$ 380	$~$ 381	$~$ 378	$~$ 380	$~$ 375
E₁ (TO)	411	$~$ 407	$~$ 407	$~$ 409.5	$~$ 409	$~$ 410
E₂ (H)	436	$~$ 437	$~$ 441	$~$ 437.5	$~$ 438	$~$ 437
A₁ (LO)	576	$~$ 574	-	$~$ 576	-	574-567
E₁ (LO)	582-590	$~$ 583	$~$ 583	$~$ 588	$~$ 587	$~$ 584

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