On the 10th of july the author found about 36 km. from Natal, capital of the brazilian State Rio Grande do Norte, at 5º 47' southern latitude, a new kind of Dendrocephalus which he proposes to name ornatus on account of the brillant scarlet colour of the caudal appendices. The female (Pl. 1) reaches 12 mm. in length and shows black eggs in its breeding cavity; the male attains 16 mm. and is much stouter, while its second antennae (which in Pl. 2 are seen in front of the first pair) show the most complicated structure, so far seen and delineated. They form the principal feature of the species which was caught in the muddy water of a large and deep puddle, formed by rain at the side of the road. This later dried up, while the specimens brought alive to the capital died in a few days. The second species, a Cyclestheria, was observed in a permanent natural pond in a suburb of Natal. Like other specimens from Matto Grosso and Paraguay, it was determined as hislopi BAIRD, the only known species. THIELE thought that the brazilian species might be separated under the name sarsiana, but the comparison of the specimens with other descriptions and drawings does not support this view. The strangest fact about this species is its distribution which includes western India (Nagpur), Ceylon, Australia (Queensland), Celebes, East Afrika and Sansibar, only the first place being considerably north of the equator. This distribution is very hard to explain, as there are not only large distances by land, but wide stretches of sea between these places, so that the supposition of a gradual transport by man or animals does not help much. Transportation by means of aquatic birds, if possible, must be extremely rare while the supposed landconnections in former geological periods can hardly furnish a satisfactory explanation. At any rate, it seems very wonderful that the same type should have kept true over such distances and through countless generations while other phyllopods seem to have formed not only varieties but many new species and even genera.