INDIRECT METHODOLOGIES FOR MEASURING SOIL ERODIBILITY AND CHARACTERIZING ITS SPATIAL VARIABILITY

Lima, César Gustavo da Rocha; Bacani, Vitor Matheus; Montanari, Rafael; Vick, Erivelton Pereira; Ferreira, César Cardoso; Silva, Edson Rodrigo dos Santos da

César Gustavo da Rocha Lima ^*(*)CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Address: UNESP. Alameda Bahia 550, CEP:15385000, Ilha Solteira(SP), Brazil. Phone:(+5518)37431201. E-mail: cesar.lima@unesp.br

PhD in Agronomy. Professor at Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio and Mesquita Filho, Ilha Solteira (SP), Brazil.

Vitor Matheus Bacani

PhD in Geography. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas (MS), Brazil.

Rafael Montanari

PhD in Agronomy. Professor at São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Ilha Solteira (SP), Brazil.

Erivelton Pereira Vick

PhD student in Geography. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas (MS), Brazil.

César Cardoso Ferreira

PhD student in Geography. Professor Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas (MS), Brazil.

Edson Rodrigo dos Santos da Silva

PhD student in Geography. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas (MS), Brazil.

(*)CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Address: UNESP. Alameda Bahia 550, CEP:15385000, Ilha Solteira(SP), Brazil. Phone:(+5518)37431201. E-mail: cesar.lima@unesp.br

Main Soils Types	Subtypes¹ 1 Soil Types and Subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020); (+associations)	Area (km²)	Area (%)	n. samples
*LEa - Latossolos Vermelho-Escuros Álico¹ 1 Soil Types and Subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020);* Latossolos Vermelhos Distrófico² 2 Soil name updated according to Map of Natural Resources and SiBCS (IBGE, 2018; EMBRAPA. 2018); , (OXISOLS³ 3 Soil Types adapted according to SiBCS (EMBRAPA, 2018). )	LEa11 LEa22 LEa4 LEa9	152.25 334.85 86.98 8.76	11.29 24.83 6.45 0.65	14 23 8 4
*LRd - Latossolos Roxos Distrófico¹ 1 Soil Types and Subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020);* Latossolos Vermelhos Distroférricos² 2 Soil name updated according to Map of Natural Resources and SiBCS (IBGE, 2018; EMBRAPA. 2018); , (OXISOLS³ 3 Soil Types adapted according to SiBCS (EMBRAPA, 2018). )	LRd4	37.22	2.76	6
*PEd - Podzólicos Vermelho-Escuros Distrófico¹ 1 Soil Types and Subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020);* Argissolos Vermelhos Distróficos² 2 Soil name updated according to Map of Natural Resources and SiBCS (IBGE, 2018; EMBRAPA. 2018); , (ULTISOLS³ 3 Soil Types adapted according to SiBCS (EMBRAPA, 2018). )	PEd1 PEd3	470.79 158.86	34.91 11.78	28 12
*PVa - Podzólicos Vermelho-Amarelos Álico¹ 1 Soil Types and Subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020);* Argissolos Vermelho-Amarelos Distróficos² 2 Soil name updated according to Map of Natural Resources and SiBCS (IBGE, 2018; EMBRAPA. 2018); , (ULTISOLS³ 3 Soil Types adapted according to SiBCS (EMBRAPA, 2018). )	PVa2	49.81	3.69	4
*PLa - Planossolos Álico¹ 1 Soil Types and Subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020);* Planossolos Háplicos Distróficos² 2 Soil name updated according to Map of Natural Resources and SiBCS (IBGE, 2018; EMBRAPA. 2018); , (ALFISOLS³ 3 Soil Types adapted according to SiBCS (EMBRAPA, 2018). )	PLa3	49.08	3.64	4
Total		1348.6	100	103

Textural Class¹ 1 Textural Triangle, United States Depatment of Agriculture (USDA, 1983);	Permeability	Permeability Class² 2 Wischmeier et al. (1971). Adapted from Demarchi and Zimbach (2014).
clay (very clayey, clay) and silty clay	Very slow	6
silty clay loam and sandy clay	Slow	5
sandy clay loam and clay loam	Slow to moderate	4
loam, silt loam and silt	Moderate	3
loamy sand and sandy loam	Moderate fast	2
sand	Fast	1

Structure¹	Structure class¹	Adaptation classified²
very fine granular	1	sand ^{(n = 13)}
fine granular	2	loamy sand, sandy loam ^{(n = 80)}
medium to coarse granular	3	sandy clay loam ^{(n = 6)}
blocks, laminar or solid	4	clay ^{(n = 4)}

Main Soil Types¹ 1 Soil types and subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020).	Subtypes¹ 1 Soil types and subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020). (+associations)	Descriptive Measures
		n. samples	Attribute	Value			Standard Deviation	Variation Coeff. (%)
		n. samples	Attribute	Average	Min.	Max.	Standard Deviation	Variation Coeff. (%)
LEa - Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Álico	LEa 11 (Area = 11.29%)	14	*Sand*	86.2	82.3	90.3	2.4	2.8
			*Silt*	4.2	0.2	6.4	1.6	39.0
			*Clay*	9.5	7.6	11.5	1.3	13.6
			*O.M.*	1.3	0.8	1.7	0.2	17.6
	LEa22 (Area = 24.83%)	23	*Sand*	81.6	62.8	87.8	6.5	8.0
			*Silt*	5.5	1.4	15.2	3.4	61.4
			*Clay*	12.8	8.3	26.3	4.3	34.0
			*O.M.*	1.6	1.1	2.4	0.3	20.6
	LEa4 (Area = 6.45%)	8	*Sand*	85.2	78.4	92.0	4.1	4.8
			*Silt*	3.7	0.5	6.7	1.9	53.5
			*Clay*	10.9	5.7	14.7	2.8	26.3
			*O.M.*	1.4	1.1	1.9	0.2	17.1
	LEa9 (Area = 0.65%)	4	*Sand*	67.3	63.8	75.0	5.1	7.6
			*Silt*	7.0	4.1	9.4	2.2	31.8
			*Clay*	25.6	17.0	31.0	6.2	24.5
			*O.M.*	2.0	1.7	2.5	0.3	17.5
LRd - Latossolo Roxo Distrófico	LRd4 (Area = 2.76%)	6	*Sand*	48.2	23.1	86.6	29.1	60.3
			*Silt*	11.6	1.9	20.4	7.7	66.6
			*Clay*	40.0	10.8	56.8	21.6	53.9
			*O.M.*	2.1	1.1	3.6	0.9	45.2
PEd - Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro Distrófico	PEdl (Area = 34.91%)	28	*Sand*	83.1	70.0	92.2	5.4	6.5
			*Silt*	5.4	1.4	9.9	2.3	42.2
			*Clay*	11.4	4.3	22.0	3.9	34.8
			*O.M.*	1.4	0.8	2.3	0.3	25.7
	PEd3 (Area = 11.78%)	12	*Sand*	85.8	77.6	93.0	5.0	5.8
			*Silt*	4.7	1.5	11.4	2.8	59.9
			*Clay*	9.3	5.3	13.7	2.5	27.5
			*O.M.*	1.3	0.8	1.8	0.2	22.3
PVa - Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Álico	PVa2 (Area = 3.69%)	4	*Sand*	82.9	77.2	86.6	4.5	5.4
			*Silt*	5.6	2.5	8.5	2.8	51.1
			*Clay*	11.4	9.6	15.2	2.5	22.2
			*O.M.*	1.5	1.0	2.0	0.4	64.5
PLa - Planossolo Álico	PLa3 (Area = 3.64%)	4	*Sand*	90.4	88.4	92.6	1.8	2.0
			*Silt*	1.7	0.9	2.2	0.5	33.2
			*Clay*	7.8	6.3	9.2	1.3	17.0
			*O.M.*	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.1	5.5

Main Soil Types^ *.** Soil types/subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020).*	K factor references⁽ⁿ⁾ (n) Sources, where: (observed values)		Subtypes^ .*** Soil types/subtypes according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020). (+Association)	K factor references⁽ⁿ⁾ (n) Sources, where: (observed values)
*LEa - Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Álico*	Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Álico⁽⁵⁾ (5) Silva et al (2000) K = 0,002; K = 0,008; K = 0,013 Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Distrófico⁽⁵⁾ (5) Silva et al (2000) K = 0,004; K = 0,009; K = 0,009; K = 0,021; K = 0,022; K = 0,026 -------------- Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, fase arenosa⁽¹⁾ (1) Bertoni e Lombardi Neto (2008); K= 0,017 Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, orto⁽¹⁾ (1) Bertoni e Lombardi Neto (2008); K = 0,015 --------------- Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro⁽²⁾ (2) Galdino et al. (2003); K = 0,015 --------------- Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K= 0,016	K Average = 0.014 Low Erodibility Extremes classes: very low to very medium	LEa11 - Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Álico, textura média + Areias Quartzosas Álicas.	Areias Quartzosas⁽²⁾ (2) Galdino et al. (2003); K = 0,046; Areias Quartzosas⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,045 -------------------- Extremes classes: very low to very high
			LEa22 - Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Álico, textura média + Podzólicos Vermelho-Escuro Álico e Distrófico, textura arenosa/média + Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Álico, textura arenosa média.	Podzólicos Vermelho-Escuro Álico e Distrófico⁽³⁾ (3) Marques et al. (1997); K = 0,024; K = 0,032; K = 0,034 Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Álico⁽³⁾ (3) Marques et al. (1997); K = 0,031 -------------------- Extremes: very low to high
			LEa4 - Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Álico, textura média, e Distrófico, textura média.	Extremes: very low to medium
			LEa9 - Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Álico, textura média + LEa textura argilosa.	Extremes: very low to medium
*LRd - Latossolo Roxo Distrófico*	Latossolo Roxo Distrófico⁽⁵⁾ (5) Silva et al (2000) K = 0,009; K = 0,012; K = 0,016 Latossolo Roxo Eutrófico⁽⁵⁾ (5) Silva et al (2000) K = 0,004; K = 0,025 --------------- Latossolo Roxo⁽²⁾ (2) Galdino et al. (2003); K = 0,019 --------------- Latossolo Roxo⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,012	K Average = 0.016 Medium Erodibility Extremes: very low to medium	LRd4 - Latossolo Roxo Distrófico, Eutrófico, textura muito argilosa e argilosa + Terra Roxa Estruturada Eutrófica, textura muito argilosa + Terra Roxa Estruturada Eutrófica, textura muito argilosa.	Terra Roxa Estruturada⁽¹⁾ (1) Bertoni e Lombardi Neto (2008); K = 0,018 Terra Roxa Estruturada/Latossólica⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,018 -------------------- Extremes: very low to medium
*PEd - Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro Distrófico*	Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro Distrófico⁽³⁾ (3) Marques et al. (1997); K = 0,024; K = 0,034 Podzólicos Vermelho-Escuro Álico e Distrófico⁽³⁾ (3) Marques et al. (1997); K = 0,024; K = 0,032; K = 0,034	K Average = 0.029 Médium Erodibility Extremes: medium to high	PEd1 - Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro Distrófico, e Eutrófico, textura média.	Extremes: médium to high
*PEd - Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro Distrófico*			PEd3 - Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro Distrófico, textura arenosa/média + Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, textura média + Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Álico, textura média.	Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico⁽³⁾ (3) Marques et al. (1997); K = 0,027 Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Álico⁽⁵⁾ (5) Silva et al (2000) K = 0,008; K = 0,002; K = 0,013 -------------------- Extremes: very low to high
*PVa - Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Álico*	Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Álico⁽³⁾ (3) Marques et al. (1997); K = 0,031 Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico⁽³⁾ (3) Marques et al. (1997); K = 0,027 --------------- Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, var. laras⁽¹⁾ (1) Bertoni e Lombardi Neto (2008); K = 0,043 Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, orto⁽¹⁾ (1) Bertoni e Lombardi Neto (2008); K = 0,034 Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, v.piracicada⁽¹⁾ (1) Bertoni e Lombardi Neto (2008); K = 0,028 --------------- Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo⁽²⁾ (2) Galdino et al. (2003); K = 0,029 --------------- Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,032	K Average = 0.032 High Erodibility Extremes: medium to high	PVa2 - Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Álico, e Distrófico, textura arenosa/média e média + Solos Litólicos Distróficos, textura média, muito cascalhenta.	Areias Quartzosas⁽²⁾ (2) Galdino et al. (2003); K = 0,046; Areias Quartzosas Hidromórficas⁽²⁾ (2) Galdino et al. (2003); K = 0,048 Solos Litólicos⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,050 Areias Quartzosas Hidromórficas⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,047 Areias Quartzosas⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,045 Regossolos⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,043 -------------------- Extremes: médium to very high
*PLa - Planossolo Álico*	Planossolo (Solonetz-solodizado)⁽³⁾ (3) Marques et al. (1997); K = 0,012 --------------- Planossolo Solódico⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,002 Planossolo⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,002 Solonetz Solodizado⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,005	K Average = 0.005 Very Low Erodibility Extremes: very low to low	PLa3 - Planossolo Álico, textura arenosa/média e arenosa/argilosa + Glei pouco Húmico Álico, textura indiscriminada + Areias Quartzosas Hidromórficas Distróficas e Álicas.	Glei pouco húmico⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,001 -------------------- Areias Quartzosas Hidromórficas⁽²⁾ (2) Galdino et al. (2003); K = 0,048 Areias Quartzosas Hidromórficas⁽⁴⁾ (4) BRASIL (1997); K = 0,047 -------------------- Extremes: very low to very high

Main Soil Types¹ 1 Soil types according to State Soils Map (MATO GROSSO DO SUL, 1989; SISLA, 2020).	Descriptive Measures
	Methodology	Value				Std. Deviation	K Factor Variation (extremes values)
	Methodology	Average	Class to K factor (K Average)	Min.	Max.	Std. Deviation	K Factor Variation (extremes values)
LEa - Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro Alico	*K_(Bouyoucos)*	0.0797	extreme high	0.0222	0.1653	0.027	medium <k> extrem. high
	*K_(Denardin)*	0.0385	high	0.0311	0.0474	0.003	high <k> very high
	*K_(Wischmeier)*	0.0104	low	>0.0001	0.0244	0.005	very low <k> medium
	*K_(Lima)*	0.0149	low	0.0055	0.0361	0.007	very low <k> high
	*K_(Chaves)*	0.0156	medium	0.0007	0.0255	0.005	very low <k> medium
	*K_{(Renard_a)}*	0.0290	medium	0.0236	0.0394	0.004	medium <k> high
	*K_{(Renard_b)}*	0.0318	high	0.0251	0.0450	0.005	medium <k> high
	*K_{(Sharpley_a)}*	0.0348	high	0.0181	0.0406	0.005	medium <k> high
	*K_{(Sharpley_b)}*	0.0136	low	0.0046	0.0239	0.003	very low <k> medium
LRd - Latossolo Roxo Distrófico	*K_(Bouyoucos)*	0.0292	medium	0.0076	0.0825	0.032	very low <k> extrem. high
	*K_(Denardin)*	0.0275	medium	0.0208	0.0348	0.006	medium <k> high
	*K_(Wischmeier)*	0.0186	medium	0.0038	0.0270	0.011	very low <k> medium
	*K_(Lima)*	0.0314	high	0.0095	0.0454	0.015	low <k> high
	*K_(Chaves)*	0.0167	medium	0.0146	0.0198	0.002	low <k> medium
	*K_{(Renard_a)}*	0.0374	high	0.0247	0.0436	0.008	medium <k> high
	*K_{(Renard_b)}*	0.0428	high	0.0264	0.0506	0.011	medium <k> very high
	*K_{(Sharpley_a)}*	0.0265	medium	0.0237	0.0328	0.003	medium <k> high
	*K_{(Sharpley_b)}*	0.0234	medium	0.0105	0.0409	0.011	low <k> high
PEd - Podzólico Vermelho-Escuro Distrófico	*K_(Bouyaucos)*	0.0946	extrem. high	0.0353	0.2221	0.040	high <k> extrem. high
	*K_(Denardin)*	0.0395	high	0.0351	0.0496	0.003	high <k> very high
	*K_(Wischmeier)*	0.0111	low	0.0010	0.0291	0.006	very low <k> medium
	*K_(Lima)*	0.0159	medium	0.0039	0.0354	0.007	very low <k> high
	*K_(Chaves)*	0.0152	medium	>0.0001	0.0284	0.007	very low <k> medium
	*K_{(Renard_a)}*	0.0280	medium	0.0196	0.0358	0.004	medium <k> high
	*K_{(Renard_b)}*	0.0306	high	0.0203	0.0404	0.005	medium <k> high
	*K_{(Sharpley_a)}*	0.0371	high	0.0302	0.0461	0.003	high <k> very high
	*K_{(Sharpley_b)}*	0.0144	low	0.0083	0.0437	0.005	very low <k> high
PVa - Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Alico	*K_(Bouyoucos)*	0.0801	extrem. high	0.0558	0.0940	0.016	very high <k> extrem. high
	*K_(Denardin)*	0.0409	high	0.0334	0.0478	0.005	high <k> very high
	*K_(Wischmeier)*	0.0160	medium	0.0083	0.0221	0.006	very low <k> medium
	*K_(l.ima)*	0.0225	medium	0.0105	0.0335	0.010	low <k> high
	*K_(Chaves)*	0.0116	low	>0.0001	0.0222	0.010	very low <k> medium
	*K_{(Renard_a)}*	0.0307	high	0.0282	0.0346	0.002	medium <k> high
	*K_{(Renard_b)}*	0.0339	high	0.0308	0.0387	0.003	high
	*K_{(Sharpley_a)}*	0.0364	higsh	0.0328	0.0403	0.003	high
	*K_{(Sharpley_h)}*	0.0143	low	0.0106	0.0189	0.004	low <k> medium
PLa - Planossolo Álico	*K_(Bouyaucas)*	0.1208	extrem. high	0.0975	0.1475	0.022	extrem. high
	*K_(Denardin)*	0.0353	high	0.0341	0.0369	0.001	high
	*K_(Wischmeier)*	0.0029	very low	0.0004	0.0056	0.002	very low
	*K_(Lima)*	0.0059	very low	0.0032	0.0115	0.003	very low <k> low
	*K_(Chaves)*	0.0135	low	0.0103	0.0151	0.002	low
	*K_{(Renard_a)}*	0.0231	medium	0.0215	0.0244	0.001	medium
	*K_{(Renard_b)}*	0.0245	medium	0.0225	0.0260	0.001	medium
	*K_{(Sharpley_a)}*	0.0334	high	0.0316	0.0343	0.001	high
	*K_{(Sharpley_b)}*	0.0087	very low	0.0073	0.0097	0.001	very low <k> low

Methodologies	Correlation Coefficient
Methodologies	K_(Bouyoucos)	K_(Denardin)	K_(Wischmeier)	K_(Lima)	K_(Chaves)	K_{(Renard_a)}	K_{(Renard_b)}	K_{(Sharpley_a)}
*K_(Denardin)*	0.27
*K_(Wischmeier)*	-0.61	0.09
*K_(Lima)*	-0.72	-0.11	0.92
*K_(Chaves)*	-0.06	0.38	0.05	0.08
*K_{(Renard_a)}*	-0.84	-0.23	0.86	0.90	0.01
*K_{(Renard_b)}*	-0.84	-0.25	0.85	0.90	0.01	1.00
*K_{(Sharpley_a)}*	0.63	0.62	-0.09	-0.31	0.01	-0.45	-0.46
*K_{(Sharpley_b)}*	-0.62	-0.21	0.74	0.72	0.09	0.78	0.78	-0.18

Methodology/Attribute	Correlation Coefficient
Methodology/Attribute	K_(Bouyoucos)	K_(Denardin)	K_(Wischmeier)	K_(Lima)	K_(Chaves)	K_{(Renard_a)}	K_{(Renard_b)}	K_{(Sharpley_a)}	K_{(Sharpley_b)}
*Sand*	0.73	0.52	-0.70	-0.79	-0.13	-0.86	-0.87	0.51	-0.79
*Silt*	-0.56	-0.13	0.80	0.76	0.19	0.77	0.78	-0.07	0.83
*Clay*	-0.73	-0.62	0.61	0.75	0.09	0.83	0.84	-0.63	0.71
*Organic M.*	-0.53	0.04	0.56	0.62	0.59	0.66	0.67	-0.30	0.52

Methodology	Descriptive Statistics Measures
	Average	Median	Value		Standard Deviation	Coefficient
	Average	Median	Min.	Max.	Standard Deviation	Variation (%)	Kurtosis	Asymmetry
*Soil Erodibility (Mg ha h ha^-1 MJ^-1 mm^-1)*
*K_(Bouyoucos)*	0.0841	0.0828	0.0076	0.2221	0.0365	43.4	2A31	0.772
*K_(Denardin)*	0.0382	0.0382	0.0208	0.0496	0.0045	11.7	3.528	-0.836
*K_(Wischmeier)*	0.0111	0.0104	>0.0001	0.0291	0.0068	61.2	-0.275	0.621
*K_(Lima)*	0.0162	0.0149	0.0031	0.0454	0.0090	55.5	0.817	0.982
*K_(Chaves)*	0.0152	0.0160	>0.0001	0.0284	0.0063	41.4	1.574	-0.980
*K_{(Renard_a)}*	0.0289	0.0278	0.0196	0.0436	0.0050	17.3	0.699	0.902
*K_{(Renard_b)}*	0.0317	0.0303	0.0203	0.0505	0.0064	20.1	0.960	0.992
*K_{(Sharpley_a)}*	0.0352	0.0364	0.0181	0.0461	0.0048	13.6	1.788	-1.071
*K_{(Sharpley_b)}*	0.0143	0.0127	0.0046	0.0436	0.0057	39.8	9.673	2.505

Methodology	Semivariogram Adjustment Measures
	Model^(a) (a)* Fitted models, where: exp = exponential, sph = spherical;*	C₀	C₀+C	R(m)	R²	SSR^(b) (b)* SSR = sum of squares of the residuals;*	SDE^(c) (c)* SDE = spatial dependence evaluator;*	Cross Validation
		C₀	C₀+C	R(m)	R²	SSR^(b) (b)* SSR = sum of squares of the residuals;*	%	a	B	r
*Soil Erodibility*
*K_(Bouyoucos)*	esf	3,31x10^-4	1,19x10^-3	26970	0,591	9,39x10^-7	72,2	0,000	1,039	0,777
**K_(Denardin)^ * transformation of original data used (square root).***	exp	1,27x10^-5	1,49x10^-4	4290	0,410	1,20x10^-8	91,5	0,006	0,850	0,686
**K_(Wischmeier)^ * transformation of original data used (square root).***	exp	1,83x10^-4	1,06x10^-3	7440	0,594	3,04x10^-7	82,8	0,000	1,013	0,849
**K_(Lima)^ * transformation of original data used (square root).***	exp	1,98x10^-4	8,86x10^-4	7890	0,713	1,01x10^-7	77,7	-0,001	1,073	0,883
**K_(Chaves)^ * transformation of original data used (square root).***	exp	1,56x10^-4	5,93x10^-4	25530	0,636	1,32x10^-7	73,7	0,004	0,754	0,529
**K_{(Renard_a)}^ * transformation of original data used (square root).***	esf	1,68x10^-5	1,25x10^-4	6070	0,846	1,42x10^-9	86,6	0,000	1,015	0,924
**K_{(Renard_b)}^ * transformation of original data used (square root).***	esf	2,12x10^-5	1,80x10^-4	5900	0,837	3,21x10^-9	88,2	0,000	1,009	0,926
**K_{(Sharpley_a)}^ * transformation of original data used (square root).***	exp	4,95x10^-5	1,37x10^-4	7230	0,697	1,97x10^-9	63,9	0,004	0,881	0,583
**K_{(Sharpley_b)}^ * transformation of original data used (square root).***	exp	1,83x10^-5	2,74x10^-4	5040	0,596	1,86x10^-8	93,3	0,001	0,931	0,762

\begin{matrix} DMP (mm) = [(1.5 * Very Coarse Sand) + (0.75 * Coarse Sand) + (0.355 * Meduim Sand) + \\ (0.1575 * Fine Sand) + (0.825 * Very Fine Sand) + (0.031 * Silt) + (0.00376 * Clay)] / 100 \end{matrix}

[1] (*)CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Address: UNESP. Alameda Bahia 550, CEP:15385000, Ilha Solteira(SP), Brazil. Phone:(+5518)37431201. E-mail: cesar.lima@unesp.br

Brasil

Brasil

INDIRECT METHODOLOGIES FOR MEASURING SOIL ERODIBILITY AND CHARACTERIZING ITS SPATIAL VARIABILITY

Abstract