Associations between new and old anthropometric indices with type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of metabolic complications: a cross-sectional analytical study

Amiri, Parichehr; Javid, Ahmad Zare; Moradi, Leila; Haghighat, Neda; Moradi, Rahim; Behbahani, Hossein Bavi; Zarrin, Milad; Bazyar, Hadi

doi:10.1590/1677-5449.200236

Parichehr Amiri

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz, Iran.

Ahmad Zare Javid

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Ahvaz, Iran.

Leila Moradi

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran.

Neda Haghighat

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.

Rahim Moradi

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ahvaz, Iran.

Hossein Bavi Behbahani

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz, Iran.

Milad Zarrin

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz, Iran.

Hadi Bazyar

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz, Iran.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-7122

Conflicts of interest: No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article.

Correspondence Hadi Bazyar, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science Golestan Boulevard, Ahvaz, Iran Postal code: 7853167465 Tel.: +98 9136659629 E-mail: hadibazyar2015@gmail.com

Author information PA and HB - PhD Candidate in Nutrition, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. AZJ - PhD in Nutrition, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. LM - Endocrinologist, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. NH - PhD in Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. RM - MSc in Biochemistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. HBB - MSc in Nutrition, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. MZ - MSc in Physiotherapy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

Author contributions Conception and design: HB, LM, AZJ, PA Analysis and interpretation: RM, HB, HBB, NH Data collection: RM, NH, MZ, HBB Writing the article: PA, MZ, AZJ Critical revision of the article: AZJ, LM Final approval of the article*: HB, PA, AZJ, LM, NH, RM, HBB, MZ Statistical analysis: HB Overall responsibility: HB, PA *All authors have read and approved of the final version of the article submitted to J Vasc Bras.

Variables	Healthy group	Diabetic group	*P- value*
Age (y)	51.62 ± 5.6	50.65 ± 5.31	0.18
Gender
Female (N) (%)	72 (49)	75 (51)	0.66 *
Male (N) (%)	38 (52.1)	35 (47.9)
Education
Illiterate – elementary (N) (%)	64 (43.8)	82 (56.2)	0.056*
Middle school (N) (%)	24 (60)	16 (40)
High school (N) (%)	13 (59.1)	9 (40.9)
College (N) (%)	9 (75)	3 (25)
Total	110	110
Weight (kg)	66.79 ± 7.91	75.94 ± 11.52	<0.001
Height (cm)	165.78 ± 8.83	164.18 ± 10.87	0.23
Body mass index (kg/m²)	24.45 ± 3.57	28.22 ± 3.82	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	73.81 ± 4.40	103.46 ± 8.73	<0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	95.27 ± 4.05	107.73 ± 8.83	<0.001
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.77 ± 0.04	0.96 ± 0.07	<0.001
Waist-to-height ratio	0.44 ± 0.03	0.63 ± 0.06	<0.001
Physical activity (MET-min/week)	961.12 ± 548.26	286.93 ± 154.77	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	87.69 ± 7.78	165.17 ± 31.39	<0.001
Hemoglobin A1c %	4.84 ± 0.46	8.34 ± 1.31	<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	156.86 ± 62.22	148.94 ± 38.29	0.25
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	167.29 ± 64.89	159.37 ± 34.55	0.26
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	47.50 ± 10.43	42.55 ± 10.28	<0.001
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	89.27 ± 38.37	98.18 ± 41.76	0.1
Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	31.37 ± 12.44	29.78 ± 7.65	0.25
Low-density/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	2.04 ± 1.07	2.45 ± 1.36	0.01
Atherogenic index of plasma	0.49 ± 0.22	0.54 ± 0.15	0.08
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73m²)	80.23 ± 16.56	79.62 ± 18.32	0.79
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	12.69 ± 2.23	13.34 ± 3.01	0.07
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.80 ± 0.14	0.86 ± 0.15	0.006
Albuminuria (mg/24h)	5.60 ± 2.09	10.62 ± 4.29	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	118.72 ± 9.96	125.36 ± 13.11	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	73.45 ± 7.34	76.18 ± 8.34	0.01
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	88.54 ± 7.41	92.57 ± 8.40	<0.001
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	45.27 ± 7.98	49.18 ± 12.20	0.005
A body shape index (m^11/6 Kg^-2/3)	0.036 ± 0.01	0.037 ± 0.01	0.35
Abdominal volume index	10.93 ± 1.29	21.56 ± 3.54	<0.001
Conicity index	1.06 ± 0.08	1.40 ± 0.15	<0.001
Lipid accumulation product	24.45 ± 12.69	73. 43 ± 26.25	<0.001
Body adiposity index (Kg/m²)	26.87 ± 4.01	33.59 ± 6.39	<0.001
Metabolic syndrome
Yes	0 (0)	77 (70)	<0.001*
No	110 (100)	33 (30)
Total	110 (100)	110 (100)

Variables	Or (CI)	B	^* * P <0.05 statistically significant according to multivariate logistic regression; *P- value*
Body adiposity index (Kg/m²)
Model 1a	1.32 (1.21-1.43)	0.27	< 0.001
Model 2b	1.34 (1.23-1.46)	0.29	< 0.001
Model 3c Model 4d	1.31 (1.17-1.46) 1.33 (1.10-1.62)	0.27 0.29	< 0.001 0.003
Lipid accumulation product
Model 1^a	1.20 (1.13-1.27)	0.18	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.21 (1.13-1.28)	0.19	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.30 (1.15-1.46)	0.26	< 0.001
Model 4^d	1.21 (1.06-1.37)	0.19	0.003
Abdominal volume index
Model 1^a	28.38 (0.99-812.80)	3.34	0.051
Model 2^b	29.34 (0.91-937.89)	3.37	0.056
Model 3^c	59.83 (0.43-8206.14)	4.09	0.10
Model 4^d	54.09 (0.29-10003.22)	16.19	0.98
Weight
Model 1^a	1.10 (1.06-1.13)	0.09	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.10 (1.06-1.14)	0.09	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.08 (1.03-1.13)	0.08	< 0.001
Model 4^d	1.16 (1.04-1.30)	0.15	0.006
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Model 1^a	1.30 (1.20-1.42)	0.26	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.31 (1.20-1.42)	0.26	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.36 (1.19-1.56)	0.30	< 0.001
Model 4^d	1.29 (1.05-1.58)	0.25	0.01
Waist circumference (cm)
Model 1^a	2.95 (1.02-8.55)	1.08	0.045
Model 2^b	2.98 (0.99-8.93)	1.09	0.050
Model 3^c	3.74 (0.78-17.85)	1.32	0.09
Model 4^d	56.34 (0.001- 5.977E)	4.03	0.98
Hip circumference (cm)
Model 1^a	1.44 (1.30-1.60)	0.37	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.45 (1.31-1.61)	0.37	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.37 (1.22-1.55)	0.32	< 0.001
Model 4^d	1.50 (1.31- 2.00)	0.40	0.005

Variables	Waist/height R P- value^* * P <0.05 was considered as significant using the Pearson test for correlation between variables. R was considered as correlation coefficient.		A body shape index R P- value*		Abdominal volume index R P- value*		Conicity index R P- value*		Lipid accumulation product R P- value*		Body adiposity index R P- value*
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	0.75	< 0.001	0.05	0.41	0.78	< 0.001	0.70	< 0.001	0.74	< 0.001	0.49	< 0.001
Hemoglobin A1c %	0.74	< 0.001	0.06	0.33	0.75	< 0.001	0.75	< 0.001	0.73	< 0.001	0.46	< 0.001
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	0.15	0.02	-0.1	0.13	0.14	0.02	0.08	0.21	0.24	< 0.001	0.12	0.059
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	-0.23	< 0.001	0.07	0.28	-0.22	0.001	-0.18	0.005	-0.24	< 0.001	-0.09	0.14
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	-0.06	0.31	0.002	0.97	-0.04	0.46	-0.06	0.33	0.36	< 0.001	-0.08	0.20
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	-0.06	0.35	-0.08	0.2	-0.05	0.42	-0.1	0.13	0.16	0.01	-0.07	0.30
Low-density-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	0.22	0.001	-0.09	0.15	0.21	0.001	0.15	0.02	0.29	< 0.001	0.14	0.03
Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl)	-0.06	0.31	0.002	0.97	-0.04	0.46	-0.06	0.33	0.36	< 0.001	-0.08	0.20
Atherogenic index of plasma	0.12	0.07	-0.04	0.52	0.12	0.057	0.09	0.18	0.42	< 0.001	0.01	0.84
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	0.16	0.01	-0.05	0.42	0.14	0.03	0.11	0.07	0.1	0.12	0.07	0.24
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.17	0.01	-0.01	0.8	0.20	0.002	0.14	0.03	0.23	< 0.001	0.08	0.19
Albuminuria (mg/24h)	0.48	< 0.001	0.01	0.87	0.50	< 0.001	0.44	< 0.001	0.44	< 0.001	0.35	< 0.001
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73m2)	-0.01	0.83	0.1	0.12	-0.05	0.44	0.02	0.67	-0.02	0.74	0.08	0.23
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.27	< 0.001	-0.05	0.45	0.26	< 0.001	0.22	0.001	0.22	0.001	0.25	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.17	0.009	-0.1	0.78	0.18	0.007	0.14	0.03	0.13	0.04	0.15	0.01
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	0.25	< 0.001	-0.03	0.58	0.24	< 0.001	0.2	0.002	0.2	0.003	0.22	0.001
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	0.18	0.005	-0.04	0.5	0.16	0.01	0.14	0.03	0.15	0.01	0.17	0.01

Variable	Or (CI)	B	^* * P < 0.05 statistically significant according to multivariate logistic regression; *P- value*
Body adiposity index (Kg/m²)
Model 1a	1.19 (1.12-1.26)	0.17	< 0.001
Model 2b	1.19 (1.12-1.27)	0.17	< 0.001
Model 3c Model 4d	1.12 (1.05-1.19) 1.09 (1.01-1.17)	0.11 0.08	< 0.001 0.01
Lipid accumulation product Model 1^a	1.19 (1.13-1.27)	0.18	< 0.001
Model 2^b Model 3^'	1.20 (1.13-1.28)	0.18	< 0.001
Model 2^b Model 3^'	1.19 (1.12-1.27)	0.17	< 0.001
Model 4^d	1.21 (1.06-1.37)	0.19	0.003
Abdominal volume index
Model 1^a	1.90 (1.57-2.29)	0.64	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.94 (1.60-2.35)	0.66	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.94 (1.57-2.40)	0.66	< 0.001
Model 4^d	1.97 (1.58-2.46)	0.68	< 0.001
Weight
Model 1^a	1.05 (1.02, 1.08)	0.05	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.05 (1.02, 1.08)	0.05	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.01 (0.98, 1.05)	0.01	0.23
Model 4^d	1.00 (0.96, 1.04)	0.002	0.90
Body mass index (kg/m²)
Model 1^a	1.14 (1.06, 1.23)	0.13	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.14 (1.06, 1.23)	0.13	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.06 (0.98, 1.16)	0.06	0.11
Model 4^d	0.99 (0.89, 1.10)	-0.008	0.87
Waist circumference (cm)
Model 1^a	1.28 (1.19, 1.38)	0.25	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.29 (1.19, 1.40)	0.25	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.29 (1.19, 1.41)	0.26	< 0.001
Model 4^d	1.29 (1.18, 1.42)	0.26	< 0.001
Hip circumference (cm) Model 1^a	1.19 (1.13, 1.25)	0.17	< 0.001
Model 2^b	1.20 (1.14, 1.26)	0.18	< 0.001
Model 3^c	1.13 (1.07, 1.19)	0.12	< 0.001
Model 4^d	1.07 (1.01, 1.14)	0.07	0.009

[1] Conflicts of interest: No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article.

Brasil

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Associations between new and old anthropometric indices with type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of metabolic complications: a cross-sectional analytical study

Associação de índices antropométricos novos e antigos com diabetes melito tipo 2 e risco de complicações metabólicas: um estudo analítico de corte transversal

Abstract

Background

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions