Ethanol and hormones in physiological conditioning on germination and seed dormancy of <i>Urochloa humidicola</i> cv. Llanero

Agostini, Rafaela Torquato de; Abrantes, Fabiana Lima; Machado-Neto, Nelson Barbosa; Custódio, Ceci Castilho

doi:10.1590/2317-1545v44261411

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ARTICLE • J. Seed Sci. 44 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v44261411 copy

Ethanol and hormones in physiological conditioning on germination and seed dormancy of Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Seed conditioning improves germination uniformity, speed, and dormancy release. This work aimed the study the physiological conditioning of Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero, using two lots of dormant seeds conditioned by imbibition with water, commercial bioregulator (auxin, gibberellin - 0.144 mM and cytokinin), gibberellin (0.144 and 1.44 mM) or 5% ethanol. Germination, dormancy, SOD activity, MDA and H₂O₂ content were evaluated. In both lots, germination percentage was positively influenced by the commercial bioregulator without affecting the viability. In the first, the germination, using a bioregulator or ethanol, was higher; in the second, the highest germination was from the treated seeds concerning the control and water treatment. The unconditioned seeds presented a higher H₂O₂ and protein content in both lots. The MDA content in the first lot was higher in the non-conditioned seeds and conditioned with ethanol. In the second lot, the water conditioned seeds had higher content. In both lots, the bioregulator conditioned seeds showed higher SOD activity. The H₂O₂ content was related to antioxidation activation. It was impossible to identify the oxidative window of germination in which H₂O₂ would be a signal, releasing germination. The conditioning of seeds with any product showed superior physiological quality than the unconditioned or conditioned with water.

Index terms:
priming; forage; grass seed; growth regulator

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: ceci@unoeste.br

Treatment	TZ	G	DOR	GSI
Conditioning ^§ § Control = unconditioned seeds; Water = water conditioning; Ethanol = conditioning with 5% ethanol solution; GA3 = conditioning with 0.144 mM gibberellin; GA3 = conditioning with 1.44 mM gibberellin; Commercial compound = conditioning with commercial compound containing 0.144 mM gibberellin. £ Mean ± Standard Error.* Means followed by the same letters in the columns do not differ by the Tukey test (p > 0.05). CV: coefficient of variation.	%
	Lot 1
Control	89.8 ± 2.48 ^£ § Control = unconditioned seeds; Water = water conditioning; Ethanol = conditioning with 5% ethanol solution; GA3 = conditioning with 0.144 mM gibberellin; GA3 = conditioning with 1.44 mM gibberellin; Commercial compound = conditioning with commercial compound containing 0.144 mM gibberellin. £ Mean ± Standard Error.* Means followed by the same letters in the columns do not differ by the Tukey test (p > 0.05). CV: coefficient of variation. a^* § Control = unconditioned seeds; Water = water conditioning; Ethanol = conditioning with 5% ethanol solution; GA3 = conditioning with 0.144 mM gibberellin; GA3 = conditioning with 1.44 mM gibberellin; Commercial compound = conditioning with commercial compound containing 0.144 mM gibberellin. £ Mean ± Standard Error.* Means followed by the same letters in the columns do not differ by the Tukey test (p > 0.05). CV: coefficient of variation.	33.7 ± 4.25 c	51.5 ± 4.28 a	3.7 ± 0.39 b
Water	90.0 ± 1.15 a	25.2 ± 4.50 c	51.5 ± 1.79 a	3.3 ± 0.52 b
Ethanol	91.0 ± 1.00 a	58.7 ± 2.53 ab	39.8 ± 0.85 b	7.4 ± 0.65 a
GA₃ (0.144 mM)	88.0 ± 3.65 a	55.2 ± 3.40 b	37.7 ± 1.45 b	7.2 ± 0.40 a
GA₃ (1.44 mM)	92.0 ± 1.63 a	52.5 ± 1.94 b	39.3 ± 0.69 b	6.6 ± 0.54 a
Commercial compound (0.144 mM)	87.0 ± 2.52 a	73.5 ± 2.50 a	27.8 ± 1.77 c	6.1 ± 0.35 a
CV (%)	5.0	13.3	10.4	16.9
	Lot 2
Control	88.0 ± 1.63 a	30.5 ± 0.87 b	48.7 ± 1.30 a	3.7 ± 0.04 bc
Water	93.0 ± 1.91 a	24.5 ± 0.87 b	56.7 ± 2.05 a	3.0 ± 0.36 c
Ethanol	83.0 ± 3.42 a	59.5 ± 2.47 a	19.5 ± 1.24 b	7.9 ± 0.23 a
GA₃ (0.144 mM)	84.0 ± 3.27 a	52.0 ± 0.96 a	21.8 ± 3.05 b	7.1 ± 0.25 a
GA₃ (1.44 mM)	86.0 ± 3.46 a	61.2 ± 3.08 a	15.8 ± 0.66 b	8.3 ± 0.37 a
Commercial compound (0.144 mM)	82.0 ± 2.58 a	61.5 ± 1.89 a	14.2 ± 2.33 b	5.3 ± 0.63 b
CV (%)	6.5	10.3	13.1	12.3

Treatment	H₂O₂	MDA	PROT	SOD
Conditioning ^§ § Control = unconditioned seeds; Water = water conditioning; Ethanol = conditioning with 5% ethanol solution; GA3 = conditioning with 0.144 mM gibberellin; GA3 = conditioning with 1.44 mM gibberellin; Commercial compound = conditioning with commercial compound containing 0.144 mM gibberellin. £ Mean ± Standard Error.* Means followed by the same letters in the columns do not differ by the Tukey test (p > 0.05).#FM=Fresh mass. CV: coefficient of variation.	µmol.g FM^-1^# § Control = unconditioned seeds; Water = water conditioning; Ethanol = conditioning with 5% ethanol solution; GA3 = conditioning with 0.144 mM gibberellin; GA3 = conditioning with 1.44 mM gibberellin; Commercial compound = conditioning with commercial compound containing 0.144 mM gibberellin. £ Mean ± Standard Error.* Means followed by the same letters in the columns do not differ by the Tukey test (p > 0.05).#FM=Fresh mass. CV: coefficient of variation.	nmol.g FM ^-1	mg.prot.g^-1 FM^-1	unid SOD.mg prot^-1
	Lot 1
Control	1.58 ± 0.05 ^£ § Control = unconditioned seeds; Water = water conditioning; Ethanol = conditioning with 5% ethanol solution; GA3 = conditioning with 0.144 mM gibberellin; GA3 = conditioning with 1.44 mM gibberellin; Commercial compound = conditioning with commercial compound containing 0.144 mM gibberellin. £ Mean ± Standard Error.* Means followed by the same letters in the columns do not differ by the Tukey test (p > 0.05).#FM=Fresh mass. CV: coefficient of variation. a^* § Control = unconditioned seeds; Water = water conditioning; Ethanol = conditioning with 5% ethanol solution; GA3 = conditioning with 0.144 mM gibberellin; GA3 = conditioning with 1.44 mM gibberellin; Commercial compound = conditioning with commercial compound containing 0.144 mM gibberellin. £ Mean ± Standard Error.* Means followed by the same letters in the columns do not differ by the Tukey test (p > 0.05).#FM=Fresh mass. CV: coefficient of variation.	3.26 ± 0.42 ab	10.27 ± 0.56 a	0.0014 ± 0.0001 d
Water	1.32 ± 0.03 bc	4.70 ± 0.65 a	7.67 ± 0.25 b	0.0017 ± 0.0001 cd
Ethanol	1.01 ± 0.04 c	4.47 ± 0.14 a	4.89 ± 0.39 c	0.0026 ± 0.0002 b
GA₃ (0.144 mM)	1.37 ± 0.14 abc	3.03 ± 0.34 ab	6.33 ± 0.21 ab	0.0021 ± 0.0001 bc
GA₃ (1.44 mM)	1.16 ± 0.07 bc	3.10 ± 0.43 ab	5.48 ± 0.34 c	0.0023 ± 0.0001 bc
Commercial compound (0.144 mM)	1.06 ± 0.05 bc	2.38 ± 0.36 b	7.80 ± 0.27 b	0.0075 ± 0.0003 a
CV (%)	14.07	29.45	12.4	13.47
	Lot 2
Control	1.78 ± 0.08 a	1.35 ± 0.18 d	9.60 ± 0.63 a	0.0014 ± 0.0001 b
Water	0.97 ± 0.06 b	6.01 ± 0.60 a	5.40 ± 0.18 bc	0.0022 ± 0.0001 b
Ethanol	0.93 ± 0.07 b	5.57 ± 0.87 ab	4.89 ± 0.38 c	0.0023 ± 0.0001 b
GA₃ (0.144 mM)	1.02 ± 0.08 b	4.44 ± 0.65 abc	4.16 ± 0.23 c	0.0026 ± 0.0002 b
GA₃ (1.44 mM)	1.21 ± 0.12 b	2.99 ± 0.71 bcd	4.01 ± 0.39 c	0.0027 ± 0.0002 b
Commercial compound (0.144 mM)	1.17 ± 0.07 b	2.78 ± 0.66 cd	6.73±0.24 b	0.0071 ± 0.0009 a
CV (%)	16.8	41.04	15.53	29.86