Profundidade de semeadura de sementes de azevém anual em diferentes substratos como um teste de vigor

Sementes de azevém com baixa qualidade fisiológica têm resultado em pastagens com inadequado estande de plantas para a cobertura do solo e, sobretudo, para a exploração forrageira. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo propor um teste de vigor para sementes de azevém anual. Foram testadas profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3 cm) em três substratos (areia, fibra de coco e casca de arroz carbonizada) para diferenciar a qualidade fisiológica de quatro lotes de sementes da cultivar BRS Ponteio que apresentaram semelhança no teste de germinação e umidade. Os lotes foram classificados quanto ao vigor pelos testes de emergência em campo, peso de mil sementes, envelhecimento acelerado e primeira contagem da germinação. A profundidade de semeadura em substratos de areia e fibra de coco permitiu a determinação do vigor em sementes de azevém anual (de maneira similar ao observado no teste de germinação no campo), pela porcentagem de emergência e pelo índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas semeadas em areia a 2,5 e em fibra de coco a 3,0 cm de profundidade de semeadura.

Termos para indexação:
emergência de plântulas; Lolium multiflorum Lam.; qualidade fisiológica; semente forrageira

Autoria

Roberto Caetano de Oliveira

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Capão do Leão, 96050-500 - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilCapão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Capão do Leão, 96050-500 - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-4464

Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ^**Corresponding author <cepedroso@terra.com.br>

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-6152

Vanessa Nogueira Soares

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-6549

Lílian Madruga de Tunes

Géri Eduardo Meneghello

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-0966

Carlos Henrique Silveira Rabelo

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-3488

*Corresponding author <cepedroso@terra.com.br>

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas | Fórmulas

Figuras (1)
Tabelas (7)
Fórmulas (1)

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Figure 1
Daily precipitation, temperature (min. and max.) and relative humidity of the air from July 23, 2014 to August 12, 2014 in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil.

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Table 1
Mean values of moisture, germination, 1,000-seeds weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

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Table 2
Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the seedling emergence (%) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

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Table 3
Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the speed of seedling emergence (index) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

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Table 4
Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the 10-seedlings dry weight (mg) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

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Table 5
Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the seedling emergence in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

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Table 6
Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the speed of seedling emergence (index) in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

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Table 7
Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the 10-seedlings dry weight in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

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(1)

Figure 1 Daily precipitation, temperature (min. and max.) and relative humidity of the air from July 23, 2014 to August 12, 2014 in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil.

Table 1 Mean values of moisture, germination, 1,000-seeds weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Lots	Germination	Seed weight	GFC	SSAA	Seedling emergence
Lots	(%)	(g)	---------------------------------(%)--------------------------------
L1	77	2.20 a	72.0 a	72.0 a	71.0 a
L2	76	1.92 b	71.0 a	58.0 b	64.0 b
L3	76	1.94 b	59.0 c	59.0 b	75.0 a
L4	77	1.85 b	65.0 b	52.0 c	66.0 b
C.V. (%)	3.63 ^ns	2.56	5.28	6.08	7.62

Means in the same column with different lowercase letters differed (Scott-Knott test, p ≤ 0.05); ns = non-significant; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 2 Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the seedling emergence (%) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Lots	Seed sowing depth (cm)
Substrate	Lots	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
Sand	L1	68.0 a	64.5	72.5 a	73.0 a	69.0 a	60.5
	L2	63.0 a	64.0	54.0 b	57.0 b	56.0 b	52.5
	L3	69.0 a	61.0	62.5 a	59.5 b	66.0 a	50.0
	L4	55.0 b	59.5	51.0 b	52.5 b	57.0 b	48.5
			ns				ns
CF	L1	77.5	73.5 a	69.0	72.0 a	72.0 a	74.0 a
	L2	65.0	65.5 b	61.5	64.0 a	60.5 b	58.0 b
	L3	74.0	71.0 a	68.0	68.0 a	72.0 a	69.5 a
	L4	70.5	58.5 b	55.0	56.0 b	59.0 b	60.0 b
		ns		ns
CRH	L1	71.0	68.0 a	70.0 a	65.0 a	70.0 a	60.0 a
	L2	64.5	53.5 b	56.0 b	50.0 b	48.5 b	41.5 b
	L3	60.5	59.0 b	51.5 b	40.0 c	38.0 b	46.0 b
	L4	67.5	67.5 a	59.0 b	51.5 b	39.5 b	43.0 b
		ns
C.V. (%)		9.81	10.9	12.9	11.7	12.4	14.8

Means in the same column for each type of substrate with different lowercase letters differed (Scott-Knott test, p ≤ 0.05); ns = non-significant; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 3 Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the speed of seedling emergence (index) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Lots	Seed sowing depth (cm)
Substrate	Lots	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
Sand	L1	4.69 a	4.32	4.76 a	4.69 a	4.10 a	3.45 a
	L2	4.09 a	4.49	3.35 b	3.44 b	3.42 b	3.05 a
	L3	4.06 a	3.94	3.79 b	3.51 b	3.68 a	2.65 b
	L4	3.31 b	3.38	2.83 b	2.86 b	2.90 b	2.38 b
			ns
CF	L1	6.17 a	5.64 a	4.99 a	5.13 a	5.05 a	4.91 a
	L2	5.35 b	5.11 a	4.48 a	4.67 a	4.40 a	3.92 b
	L3	5.41 b	5.02 a	4.49 a	4.51 a	4.69 a	4.31 a
	L4	4.66 b	3.66 b	3.36 b	3.36 b	3.50 b	3.33 b

CRH	L1	4.24	4.35	4.14 a	3.67 a	4.04 a	3.41 a
	L2	3.76	3.54	3.48 b	2.88 b	2.71 b	2.43 b
	L3	3.44	3.25	2.83 b	2.29 b	1.90 c	2.50 b
	L4	3.73	3.56	3.08 b	2.74 b	2.01 c	2.20 b
		ns	ns
C.V. (%)		13.1	14.9	17.0	14.1	14.7	16.8

Means in the same column for each type of substrate with different lowercase letters differed (Scott-Knott test, p ≤ 0.05); ns = non-significant; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 4 Effect of different seed sowing depths and substrates (sand, coconut fiber (CF), and charcoal rice husk (CRH)) on the 10-seedlings dry weight (mg) of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Lots	Seed sowing depth (cm)
Substrate	Lots	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
Sand	L1	11.0 a	10.0	11.7 a	8.90	10.3	9.30
	L2	7.70 b	9.60	9.00 b	8.50	10.5	9.30
	L3	9.00 b	9.90	9.10 b	8.90	7.50	9.20
	L4	10.7 a	10.3	8.50 b	8.10	9.10	9.30
			ns		ns	ns	ns
CF	L1	14.7 a	12.5	13.3 a	14.3	13.5	14.5 a
	L2	13.7 a	12.5	13.2 a	14.1	11.7	12.7 a
	L3	11.4 b	12.5	11.0 b	11.6	12.5	11.1 b
	L4	10.7 b	10.9	11.3 b	12.3	12.1	11.4 b
			ns		ns	ns
CRH	L1	11.2	12.2 a	13.2 a	13.1	12.6	12.1 a
	L2	10.8	11.2 a	9.70 b	10.2	10.5	10.7 b
	L3	9.90	9.90 b	9.10 b	10.9	10.3	10.2 b
	L4	10.4	8.50 b	9.20 b	8.90	10.5	9.40 b
		ns			ns	ns
C.V. (%)		14.9	12.4	11.1	13.2	14.3	14.9

Means in the same column for each type of substrate with different lowercase letters differed (Scott-Knott test, p ≤ 0.05); ns = non-significant; C.V. = coefficient of variation.

Table 5 Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the seedling emergence in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Depth (cm)	Seed weight	GFC	SSAA	Seedling emergence
Sand	0.5	0.60 *	0.30 ns	0.66 **	0.81 **
	1.0	0.41 ns	0.64 **	0.50 ns	0.44 ns
	1.5	0.84 **	0.42 ns	0.84 **	0.76 **
	2.0	0.88 **	0.58 *	0.86 **	0.61 *
	2.5	0.72 **	0.26 ns	0.74 **	0.85 **
	3.0	0.66 **	0.67 **	0.65 **	0.53 **
CF	0.5	0.62 **	0.28 ns	0.58 *	0.77 **
	1.0	0.69 **	0.39 ns	0.72 **	0.78 **
	1.5	0.65 **	0.29 ns	0.69 **	0.78 **
	2.0	0.69 **	0.41 ns	0.72 **	0.75 **
	2.5	0.60 *	0.21 ns	0.64 **	0.85 **
	3.0	0.64 **	0.28 ns	0.70 **	0.82 **
CRH	0.5	0.46 ns	0.68 **	0.49 ns	0.22 ns
	1.0	0.45 ns	0.42 ns	0.41 ns	0.45 ns
	1.5	0.68 **	0.68 **	0.63 **	0.30 ns
	2.0	0.71 **	0.86 **	0.70 **	0.16 ns
	2.5	0.90 **	0.83 **	0.91 **	0.29 ns
	3.0	0.79 **	0.53 *	0.84 **	0.63 **

ns = non-significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; CF = coconut fiber (CF); CRH = charcoal rice husk.

Table 6 Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the speed of seedling emergence (index) in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Depth (cm)	Seed weight	GFC	SSAA	Seedling emergence
Sand	0.5	0.77 **	0.57 *	0.83 **	0.59 *
	1.0	0.54 *	0.65 **	0.60 *	0.33 ns
	1.5	0.85 **	0.49 ns	0.86 **	0.71 **
	2.0	0.92 **	0.62 *	0.92 **	0.61 *
	2.5	0.81 **	0.47 ns	0.84 **	0.70 **
	3.0	0.75 **	0.75 **	0.74 **	0.43 ns
CF	0.5	0.78 **	0.50 *	0.73 **	0.60 *
	1.0	0.75 **	0.51 *	0.77 **	0.59 *
	1.5	0.75 **	0.51 *	0.80 **	0.62 **
	2.0	0.73 **	0.53 *	0.76 **	0.59 *
	2.5	0.73 **	0.43 ns	0.76 **	0.66 **
	3.0	0.80 **	0.46 ns	0.85 **	0.75 **
CRH	0.5	0.55 *	0.73 **	0.60 *	0.31 ns
	1.0	0.67 **	0.76 **	0.64 **	0.40 ns
	1.5	0.73 **	0.80 **	0.68 **	0.31 ns
	2.0	0.68 **	0.82 **	0.71 **	0.18 ns
	2.5	0.90 **	0.84 **	0.90 **	0.26 ns
	3.0	0.81 **	0.58 *	0.86 **	0.60 ns

ns = non-significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; CF = coconut fiber (CF); CRH = charcoal rice husk.

Table 7 Pearson’s correlation (r) between 1,000-seed weight, germination first count (GFC), saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA), and field seedling emergence with the 10-seedlings dry weight in different seed sowing depths and substrates for annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio.

Substrate	Depth (cm)	Seed weight	GFC	SSAA	Seedling emergence
Sand	0.5	0.43 ns	0.39 ns	0.41 ns	0.49 ns
	1.0	0.28 ns	0.30 ns	0.19 ns	0.46 ns
	1.5	0.94 **	0.64 **	0.96 **	0.49 ns
	2.0	0.36 ns	0.41 ns	0.38 ns	0.61 *
	2.5	0.44 ns	0.94 **	0.45 ns	0.00 ns
	3.0	0.23 ns	0.44 ns	0.25 ns	0.45 ns
CF	0.5	0.77 **	0.84 **	0.78 **	0.27 ns
	1.0	0.46 ns	0.46 ns	0.47 ns	0.63 **
	1.5	0.61 *	0.77 **	0.67 **	0.32 ns
	2.0	0.54 *	0.84 **	0.54 *	0.23 ns
	2.5	0.58 *	0.43 ns	0.53 *	0.66 **
	3.0	0.72 **	0.83 **	0.71 **	0.42 ns
CRH	0.5	0.40 ns	0.69 **	0.43 ns	0.34 ns
	1.0	0.73 **	0.72 **	0.79 **	0.37 ns
	1.5	0.84 **	0.72 **	0.85 **	0.45 ns
	2.0	0.92 **	0.49 ns	0.92 **	0.64 **
	2.5	0.78 **	0.73 **	0.77 **	0.51 *
	3.0	0.64 **	0.65 **	0.67 **	0.51 *

ns = non-significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; CF = coconut fiber (CF); CRH = charcoal rice husk.

(1)

S S E = n 1 ⁄ t 1 + n 2 ⁄ t 2 + \dots n n ⁄ t n

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Profundidade de semeadura de sementes de azevém anual em diferentes substratos como um teste de vigor

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[1] *Corresponding author <cepedroso@terra.com.br>