Priming <i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i> (R.Germ. &amp; Evrard) seeds with signalling molecules improves germination

As forage production increase, high-quality seeds demand follows. Priming have been reported as a technique for improve seed quality and stress tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the priming agents effect on Urochloa ruziziensis seed germination and seedling establishment under water deficit and salt stress. A completely randomized experiment assessing six priming agents and three germination conditions were established. We evaluated: seed water content; germination percentage and speed index; viability of seeds remaining from the germination test; seedling length; antioxidant enzymatic activity; and malondialdehyde quantity. Seeds primed under water deficit and salt stress showed better physiological performance than dry seeds. There was a significant increase in seed germination percentage and speed and in seedling roots and shoots length. Sodium Nitroprusside shows significant potential for use in the physiological priming of U. ruziziensis seeds.

Index terms:
NaCl; oxidative stress; PEG; physiological conditioning; Urochloa ruziziensis

Authorship

Thaisa Fernanda Oliveira

Setor de Sementes, Universidade Federal de Lavras. Caixa Postal 3037, Campus Universitário. CEP 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, Minas Gerais, BrazilSetor de Sementes, Universidade Federal de Lavras. Caixa Postal 3037, Campus Universitário. CEP 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-6885

Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos ^**Corresponding author E-mail: heloisa.osantos@ufla.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-4969

Jéssica Batista Ribeiro

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-0827

Wilson Vicente Souza Pereira

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-8382

Aline Aparecida Silva Pereira

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-8603

Antônio Rodrigues da Cunha Neto

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7107-2755

*Corresponding author
E-mail: heloisa.osantos@ufla.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (5)

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Figure 1
Water content of Urochloa ruziziensis seeds before (A) and after drying (B) without subjected to physiological priming (control) and subjected to priming in water, spermidine (SPE), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), gibberellin (GA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Bars are means ± standard error (n=4). Same letters do not differ from each other on Tukey’s test set at 5% of probability.

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Table 1
Total germination and first germination count from of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

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Table 2
Germination Speed Index and viable seeds from germination tests of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

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Table 3
Root and shoot length from seedlings developed from of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

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Table 4
Superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity on seedlings developed from of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

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Table 5
Ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity and MDA content on seedlings developed from of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

Figure 1 Water content of Urochloa ruziziensis seeds before (A) and after drying (B) without subjected to physiological priming (control) and subjected to priming in water, spermidine (SPE), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), gibberellin (GA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Bars are means ± standard error (n=4). Same letters do not differ from each other on Tukey’s test set at 5% of probability.

Table 1 Total germination and first germination count from of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

Priming solutions	Total Germination			First Count
Priming solutions	No Stress	NaCl	PEG	No Stress	NaCl	PEG
Contol	68.5 Ba	35.0 Cc	56.0 Bb	37.5 Da	5.0 Cb	3.0 Bb
Water	74.5 ABa	55.5 Bb	45.5 BCb	56.5 BCa	12.0 BCb	5.0 Bc
SPE	78.0 ABa	59.0 Bb	36.0 Cc	57.5 BCa	20.0 Bb	2.0 Bc
KNO₃	68.0 Ba	57.5 Bab	50.0 BCb	55.5 Ca	16.5 BCb	5.5 Bc
GA	78.0 ABa	54.0 Bb	46.5 BCb	67.5 ABa	15.5 BCb	5.5 Bc
SNP	84.0 Aa	72.5 Aa	64.5 Ab	76.5 Aa	37.5 Ab	24.5 Ac

Means followed by the same uppercase letter among priming solutions (within each condition) and by the same lowercase letter among germination conditions does not differ. Without subjected to physiological priming (control) and subjected to priming in water, spermidine (SPE), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), gibberellin (GA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).

Table 2 Germination Speed Index and viable seeds from germination tests of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

Priming solutions	Germination Speed Index			Viable Seeds
Priming solutions	No Stress	NaCl	PEG	No Stress	NaCl	PEG
Contol	4.99 Ca	1.67 Cc	2.00 Bb	6.00 Ab	21.00 Aa	14.00 ABb
Water	6.43 Ba	2.94 Bb	2.18 Bb	5.00 Ab	11.00 Ba	10.00 Bab
SPE	6.18 Ba	3.47 Bb	1.65 Bc	3.00 Ac	8.50 Bb	18.00 Aa
KNO₃	6.69 Ba	3.19 Bb	2.40 Bb	3.50 Ab	6.00 Bb	15.00 ABa
GA	8.00 Aa	3.06 Bb	2.33 Bb	3.50 Ab	11.00 Ba	15.50 ABa
SNP	9.01 Aa	5.03 Ab	4.17 Ab	2.50 Aa	5.00 Ba	5.00 Ca

Means followed by the same uppercase letter among priming solutions (within each condition) and by the same lowercase letter among germination conditions does not differ. Without subjected to physiological priming (control) and subjected to priming in water, spermidine (SPE), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), gibberellin (GA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).

Table 3 Root and shoot length from seedlings developed from of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

Priming solutions	Root Lenght (cm)			Shoot Lenght (cm)
Priming solutions	No Stress	NaCl	PEG	No Stress	NaCl	PEG
Contol	8.70 Cb	2.83 BCc	10.53 Aa	4.33 Ba	1.44 Bc	2.78 BCb
Water	9.09 BCa	3.36 ABCb	10.13 Aba	6.08 Aa	2.22 ABc	3.48 Bb
SPE	10.95 ABa	3.61 ABCc	8.19 BCb	5.87 Aa	2.39 ABb	2.61 BCb
KNO₃	9.02 BCa	4.87 ABb	5.82 Db	4.62 Ba	2.04 ABb	2.39 Cb
GA	9.44 ABCa	2.29 Cc	7.44 CDb	4.71 Ba	1.84 ABc	3.34 BCb
SNP	11.33 Aa	5.41 Ab	11.12 Aa	5.75 Aa	2.61 Ab	5.17 Aa

Means followed by the same uppercase letter among priming solutions (within each condition) and by the same lowercase letter among germination conditions does not differ. Without subjected to physiological priming (control) and subjected to priming in water, spermidine (SPE), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), gibberellin (GA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).

Table 4 Superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity on seedlings developed from of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

Priming solutions	Superoxide Dismutase (U SOD min^-1.g^-1 FW)			Catalase (nmol H₂O₂ min^-1.g^-1 FW)
Priming solutions	No Stress	NaCl	PEG	No Stress	NaCl	PEG
Contol	246.42 Ab	323.68 Aa	115.95 Ac	0.022 Ab	0.051 Aa	0.055 Aa
Water	136.39 Cb	291.73 ABa	73.07 ABc	0.017 Ab	0.026 BCb	0.053 ABa
SPE	158.82 BCb	254.49 Ba	116.7 Ab	0.022 Aa	0.028 BCa	0.026 Ca
KNO₃	140.58 Cb	316.71 Aa	102.06 Ab	0.021 Aab	0.019 Cb	0.035 BCa
GA	142.55 Cb	191.35 Ca	40.31 BCc	0.021 Aa	0.025 BCa	0.030 Ca
SNP	207.96 ABb	320.62 Aa	2.09 Cc	0.030 Aa	0.041 ABa	0.028 Ca

Means followed by the same uppercase letter among priming solutions (within each condition) and by the same lowercase letter among germination conditions does not differ. Without subjected to physiological priming (control) and subjected to priming in water, spermidine (SPE), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), gibberellin (GA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).

Table 5 Ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity and MDA content on seedlings developed from of conditioned Urochloa ruziziensis seeds on conditions of no stress, salinity (NaCl), and water deficit (PEG).

Priming solutions	Ascorbate Peroxidase (µmol AsA.g^-1 FW.min^-1)			MDA (µmol.g^-1 FW)
Priming solutions	No Stress	NaCl	PEG	No Stress	NaCl	PEG
Contol	0.033 ABb	0.064 Aa	0.0244 BCc	14.66 Ca	7.87 ABb	2.83 Bc
Water	0.042 Aa	0.010 BCc	0.020 Cb	13.97 Ca	5.22 Cb	3.05 Bc
SPE	0.028 Ba	0.010 BCb	0.031 ABa	16.88 Ba	9.73 Ab	7.04 Ac
KNO₃	0.035 ABa	0.010 BCb	0.040 Aa	19.02 Aa	6.77 BCb	4.55 Bc
GA	0.016 Ca	0.003 Cb	0.019 Ca	7.84 Da	7.74 ABa	3.99 Bb
SNP	0.014 Cb	0.013 Bb	0.027 BCa	8.96 Da	7.33 BCa	3.75 Bb

Means followed by the same uppercase letter among priming solutions (within each condition) and by the same lowercase letter among germination conditions does not differ. without subjected to physiological priming (control) and subjected to priming in water, spermidine (SPE), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), gibberellin (GA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).

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Priming <i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i> (R.Germ. & Evrard) seeds with signalling molecules improves germination

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: heloisa.osantos@ufla.br