Seed vigor in performance of wheat plants: evidence of interaction with nitrogen

The use of high-quality seeds is an important factor in the crop production system. Its benefits to the performance of plants and possible interactions with other factors - such as nitrogen fertilization - could be better understood from a multivariate analysis perspective. With this approach, the objective of this work was to evaluate the impacts of wheat seed vigor and possible interactions with nitrogen fertilization on the performance of wheat plants. The data analyzed were obtained from the average results gathered through three experimental environments, located in the department of Alto Paraná, Paraguay. High-vigor seeds with provided a better plant stand and also a greater growth in the formed tillers stage. This category also provided plants with higher performance - a condition found for dry matter weight - in the booting, flowering and milk seed stages, in the presence and absence of nitrogen fertilization. The multivariate analysis showed that plants originating from high-vigor seeds that had not been fertilized with N showed a similar performance to that of low-vigor plants, but fertilized with N. High-vigor wheat seeds provide plants with superior performance.

Index terms:
Triticum aestivum; seed quality; established plants; yield components; principal component analyses

Authorship

José Ricardo Bagateli ^**Corresponding author E-mail: ricardobagateli@gmail.com

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, 96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Universidade Federal de PelotasBrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, 96010-900 - Pelotas, RS, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-4976

Gabriel Streck Bortolin

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5552-3720

Ricardo Mari Bagateli

Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. 85660-000 - Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáBrazilDois Vizinhos, PR, BrazilUniversidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. 85660-000 - Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-3133

Jader Job Franco

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-4492

Francisco Amaral Villela

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-2815

Geri Eduardo Meneghello

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-0966

*Corresponding author
E-mail: ricardobagateli@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (3)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Daily values of (maximum and minimum) temperature and precipitation during the experimental period - conducted in 2016 - in the municipalities of Los Cedrales (A), Santa Rita (B) and Naranjal (C), located in the Department of Alto Paraná - Paraguay.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Analysis of principal components (A), correlation (B) and heat map (C) from variables evaluated along the wheat plant cycle of an early cycle (Cv 1) and a medium cycle (Cv) cultivar 2) from seeds with high vigor (90), intermediate vigor (80), low vigor (70) and very low vigor (60), fertilized with nitrogen only at sowing (NF), and also at sowing and with topdressing fertilization (TNF). The variables that constituted this analysis were plant population (POP), number of tillers (NT), height (HGT) and normalized difference vegetation index, the latter two found in stages 3 (A), 8 (B) and 10.5.1 (C) on the Feekes scale. These same scales were used as reference to determine dry matter weight (DMW), which was also evaluated in stage 11.1 (D). Yield (YLD), number of spikelets per ear (NSpE), number of seeds per ear (NSE) and per spikelet (NSSp), as well as weight of seeds per spike (WSE) and harvest index (HI) were also covered in this assessment.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Wheat plant population, height and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) - the latter two found in stages 3, 8, and 10.5.1 on the Feekes scale - and the number of tillers are all variables obtained from plants of the CD 150 early cycle genotype (Cycle -) and the medium cycle Tbio Mestre (Cycle +) originated from seeds with high vigor (Hi), intermediate vigor (In), low (L) and very low vigor (VL), fertilized (+N) and not fertilized (-N) with nitrogen topdressing.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Dry matter weight values (DMW - g) found in stages 3, 8, 10.5.1 and 11.1 on the Feekes scale in wheat plants of the CD 150 early cycle (Cycle -) and medium cycle Tbio Mestre (Cycle) genotype +) originated from seeds with high vigor (Hi), intermediate vigor (In), low (L) and very low vigor (VL), which were fertilized (+N) and not fertilized (-N) with nitrogen topdressing.

Thumbnail

Table 3
Yield values (t.ha^-1), number of spikelets per ear (NSpE), number of seeds per ear (NSE) and per spikelet (NSSp), as well as weight of seeds per ear (WSE) and harvest index (HI) of wheat plants from CD 150 early cycle genotype (Cycle -) and medium cycle Tbio Mestre (Cycle +) originated from seeds with high (Hi), intermediate (In), low (L) and very low (VL) vigor, which were fertilized (+ N) and not fertilized (-N) with nitrogen topdressing.

Figure 1 Daily values of (maximum and minimum) temperature and precipitation during the experimental period - conducted in 2016 - in the municipalities of Los Cedrales (A), Santa Rita (B) and Naranjal (C), located in the Department of Alto Paraná - Paraguay.

Figure 2 Analysis of principal components (A), correlation (B) and heat map (C) from variables evaluated along the wheat plant cycle of an early cycle (Cv 1) and a medium cycle (Cv) cultivar 2) from seeds with high vigor (90), intermediate vigor (80), low vigor (70) and very low vigor (60), fertilized with nitrogen only at sowing (NF), and also at sowing and with topdressing fertilization (TNF). The variables that constituted this analysis were plant population (POP), number of tillers (NT), height (HGT) and normalized difference vegetation index, the latter two found in stages 3 (A), 8 (B) and 10.5.1 (C) on the Feekes scale. These same scales were used as reference to determine dry matter weight (DMW), which was also evaluated in stage 11.1 (D). Yield (YLD), number of spikelets per ear (NSpE), number of seeds per ear (NSE) and per spikelet (NSSp), as well as weight of seeds per spike (WSE) and harvest index (HI) were also covered in this assessment.

Table 1 Wheat plant population, height and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) - the latter two found in stages 3, 8, and 10.5.1 on the Feekes scale - and the number of tillers are all variables obtained from plants of the CD 150 early cycle genotype (Cycle -) and the medium cycle Tbio Mestre (Cycle +) originated from seeds with high vigor (Hi), intermediate vigor (In), low (L) and very low vigor (VL), fertilized (+N) and not fertilized (-N) with nitrogen topdressing.

	Cycle -						Cycle +
Vigor	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean
Vigor	Population m²			Height (cm) - F 3			Population m²			Height (cm) - F 3
Hi	428^* * Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).	426	427 A	20.7	22.5	21.6 A	426	428	427 A	20.6	23.4	22.0 A
In	397	391	394 B	19.2	20.5	19.8 AB	393	403	398 AB	18.9	20.0	20.0 B
L	372	392	382 BC	18.7	20.8	19.8 AB	367	387	377 B	18.1	19.9	19.9 B
VL	375	356	365 C	16.7	18.5	17.6 B	366	371	367 B	18.1	18.9	18.9 B
Mean	393 ns	391	392	18.8 b	20.6 a	19.7	388 ns	397	393	19.1 b	20.2 a	20.2
CV (%)	4.5 %			8.7 %			5.6 %			6.5 %
	NDVI - F 3			Height (cm) - F 8			NDVI - F 3			Height (cm) - F 8
Hi	0.42	0.51	0.47 A	29.4	30.6	30.0 A	0.42	0.53	0.47 A	30.5	31.3	30.8 A
In	0.37	0.47	0.42 AB	26.9	26.4	26.6 AB	0.38	0.46	0.42 AB	28.2	27.8	28.0 AB
L	0.35	0.45	0.40 AB	24.4	24.7	24.5 B	0.34	0.42	0.38 BC	27.5	31.0	29.3 AB
VL	0.34	0.42	0.38 B	21.8	24.0	22.9 B	0.32	0.37	0.35 C	26.4	26.5	26.5 B
Mean	0.37 b	0.46 a	0.41	25.6 ns	26.4	26.0	0.37 b	0.45 a	0.41	28.1 ns	29.2	28.6
CV (%)	12.3 %			10.2 %			9.7 %			10.5 %
	NDVI - F 8			Height (cm) F 10.5. 1			NDVI - F 8			Height (cm) F 10.5. 1
Hi	0.53	0.61	0.57 A	68.4	79.5	73.9 A	0.52	0.61	0.57 A	76.5	85.9	81.2 ns
In	0.49	0.59	0.54 AB	67.1	77.1	72.1 AB	0.48	0.59	0.54 AB	73.3	86.5	79.9
L	0.49	0.58	0.53 B	65.0	75.3	70.1 B	0.47	0.52	0.49 BC	72.9	85.3	79.1
VL	0.47	0.55	0.51 B	65.2	73.9	69.6 B	0.46	0.49	0.48 C	71.9	85.8	78.8
Mean	0.49 b	0.58 a	0.54	66.4 b	76.4 a	71.4	0.48 b	0.55 a	0.52	73.7 b	85.9 a	79.8
CV (%)	4.6 %			3.0 %			6.9 %			3.6 %
	NDVI - F 10.5.1			number of tillers			NDVI - F 10.5.1			number of tillers
Hi	0.73	0.83	0.78 A	3.25	3.56	3.41 ns	0.79	0.89	0.84 A	3.25	3.75	3.5 A
In	0.72	0.78	0.75 A	3.02	3.45	3.24	0.78	0.89	0.83 AB	3.17	3.61	3.39 AB
L	0.69	0.77	0.73 AB	2.92	3.45	3.18	0.75	0.88	0.81 AB	2.83	3.55	3.19 B
VL	0.67	0.71	0.69 B	3.01	3.4	3.20	0.73	0.86	0.79 B	2.87	3.36	3.12 B
Mean	0.70 b	0.77 a	0.74	3.05 b	3.46 a	3.26	0.76 b	0.88 a	0.82	3.03 b	3.57 a	3.30
CV (%)	5.1 %			6.8 %			3.7 %			6.4 %

^*
Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Table 2 Dry matter weight values (DMW - g) found in stages 3, 8, 10.5.1 and 11.1 on the Feekes scale in wheat plants of the CD 150 early cycle (Cycle -) and medium cycle Tbio Mestre (Cycle) genotype +) originated from seeds with high vigor (Hi), intermediate vigor (In), low (L) and very low vigor (VL), which were fertilized (+N) and not fertilized (-N) with nitrogen topdressing.

	Cycle -						Cycle +
Vigor	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean
Vigor	DMW (g) - F 3			DMW (g) - F 8			DMW- F3			DMW (g) - F 8
Hi	8.31^* * Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).	8.44	9.07 A	19.39	29.27	24.33 A	8.40	10.3	9.35 A	21.17	35.89	28.53 A
In	7.81	9.07	8.44 A	17.94	27.25	22.60 AB	7.03	8.70	7.86 AB	19.11	34.29	26.70 AB
L	6.36	7.73	7.04 B	15.29	25.69	20.49 BC	7.38	8.15	7.77 BC	16.27	28.41	22.34 BC
VL	5.50	6.81	6.16 B	16.03	23.36	19.69 C	6.85	7.09	6.97 C	16.31	25.40	20.86 C
Mean	7.00 b	8.36 a	7.68	17.17 b	26.39 a	21.78	7.41 b	8.56 a	7.99	18.21 b	31.00 a	24.61
CV (%)	12.0 %			9.2 %			15.4 %			14.5 %
	DMW (g) - F 10.5. 1			DMW (g) - F 11.1			DMW (g) - F 10.5. 1			DMW (g) - F 11.1
Hi	85.37	92.90	89.14 ns	172.86	213.10	192.98 A	95.22	115.14	105.18 AB	183.03	229.55	206.68 A
In	84.53	92.13	88.33	160.33	189.67	175.00 AB	94.80	119.09	106.94 A	161.01	203.21	182.11 AB
L	80.13	84.11	82.12	138.47	182.35	160.41 BC	90.30	111.79	101.05 AB	148.38	186.15	167.26 B
VL	79.21	83.04	81.13	135.62	168.88	152.25 C	87.00	110.28	98.64 B	146.23	169.91	158.07 B
Mean	82.31 b	88.04 a	85.18	151.82 b	188.50 a	170.16	91.83 b	114.08 a	102.95	159.86 b	197.21 a	178.53
CV (%)	7.6 %			9.4 %			4.7 %			11.9 %

^*
Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Table 3 Yield values (t.ha^-1), number of spikelets per ear (NSpE), number of seeds per ear (NSE) and per spikelet (NSSp), as well as weight of seeds per ear (WSE) and harvest index (HI) of wheat plants from CD 150 early cycle genotype (Cycle -) and medium cycle Tbio Mestre (Cycle +) originated from seeds with high (Hi), intermediate (In), low (L) and very low (VL) vigor, which were fertilized (+ N) and not fertilized (-N) with nitrogen topdressing.

	Cycle -						Cycle +
Vigor	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean	- N	+ N	Mean
Vigor	Yield (t.ha^-1)			NSpE			Yield (t.ha^-1)			NSpE
Hi	3.63^* * Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).	3.95	3.79 ns	14.3	15.5	14.7 ns	3.69	4.06	3.88 ns	16.2	17.8	17.0 ns
In	3.39	3.76	3.54	14.3	15.1	14.9	3.54	3.87	3.70	16.9	17.3	17.18
L	3.31	3.75	3.53	14.7	15.1	14.7	3.34	3.92	3.63	16.0	17.2	16.6
VL	3.33	3.53	3.43	14.7	14.7	14.9	3.27	3.71	3.49	15.8	17.3	16.6
Mean	3.41 b	3.74 a	3.57	14.5 b	15.1 a	14.8	3.46 b	3.89 a	3.67	16.2 b	17.4 a	16.8
CV (%)	9.4 %			3.9 %			9.2 %			3.4 %
	NSE			NSSp			NSE			NSSp
Hi	37.7	39.6	38.6 ns	2.62	2.56	2.59 ns	41.1	43.3	42.2 ns	2.54	2.42	2.48 ns
In	37.3	38.8	38.13	2.60	2.57	2.58	40.6	41.8	41.2	2.39	2.41	2.40
L	38.1	39.5	38.8	2.59	2.60	2.59	39.8	41.4	40.6	2.49	2.40	2.45
VL	35.4	37.8	36.6	2.40	2.57	2.48	38.9	40.9	39.9	2.45	2.35	2.40
Mean	37.1 b	38.9 a	38.0	2.55 ns	2.57	2.56	40.1 ns	41.8	41.0	2.47 ns	2.40	2.43
CV (%)	5.9 %			5.4 %			5.8 %			7.0 %
	WSE			HI			WSE			HI
Hi	91.1	103.3	97.2 A	0.48	0.49	0.49 ns	103.4	103.6	103.5 A	0.47	0.48	0.48 ns
In	79.9	90.6	85.2 B	0.46	0.47	0.46	88.7	99.4	94.0 AB	0.45	0.46	0.46
L	80.0	88.4	84.2 B	0.43	0.44	0.44	87.4	103.3	95.4 AB	0.43	0.46	0.44
VL	78.4	78.6	78.5 B	0.44	0.44	0.44	78.8	98.4	88.6 B	0.43	0.46	0.45
Mean	82.3 b	90.2 a	86.3	0.45 ns	0.46	0.46	89.6 b	101.2 a	95.4	0.45 ns	0.47	0.46
CV (%)	9.6 %			7.7 %			7.3 %			6.7 %

^*
Values represent the average of four experimental units (no = 4), where each unit was obtained from the average of three experimental locations. Means followed by different capital letters between vigor levels and also different lowercase between N fertilization levels mean a significant difference in the mean comparison with Tukey’s test at 5% probability. ns means no significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

How to cite

copy

ABRATES - Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes Av. Juscelino Kubitschek, 1400 - 3° Andar, sala 31 - Centro,, CEP 86020-000 Londrina/PR - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: jss@abrates.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Seed vigor in performance of wheat plants: evidence of interaction with nitrogen

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: ricardobagateli@gmail.com