Respiratory rates and freezing tolerance of embryos of <i>Inga vera Willd.</i> subsp. <i>affinis</i> (DC.) T.D. Penn. from different regions

Lamarca, Edmir Vicente; Barbedo, Claudio José

doi:10.1590/2317-1545v43247247

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ARTICLE • J. Seed Sci. 43 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v43247247 copy

Respiratory rates and freezing tolerance of embryos of Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T.D. Penn. from different regions

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Recalcitrant seeds are sensitive to desiccation and low storage temperatures, but there is a gradient of recalcitrance between different species and between populations of the same species. Therefore, tolerance to drying and low temperatures, as well as the respiratory rates of seeds, can be conditioned by the source of the material. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship among desiccation and low temperature tolerance, and respiratory rates of Inga vera embryos from different regions. The embryos were submitted to three drying levels and incubated for up to fifteen days at -4, -2, 2 and 5 °C. Then, they were evaluated for respiration, germination and electrical conductivity. The embryos tolerated freezing at -4 °C since they were associated with certain levels of drying and a consequent change in the energy status of water. In conclusion, the conditions in which the embryos are formed define their degree of maturation at dispersal, hence their tolerance to desiccation and freezing.

Index terms:
Leguminosae; recalcitrant seeds; storage

Characteristics of	embryo-collecting
Region	RIB	PIR	SAP	PAR
Fruit ripening cycle (days)	107	96	115	106
Degree-day (°C day)	1,485	1,424	1,605	1,739
Rainfall (mm)	652	591	1,361	896
Water content (%)	58.4 ± 0.1	62.3 ± 1.3	56.3 ± 1.5	61.2 ± 1.9
Water potential (MPa)	-1.38 ± 0.08	-1.30 ± 0.21	-0.82 ± 0.14	-0.91 ± 0.09
Dry weight (g.embryo^-1)	0.44 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.06	0.26 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.03
Germination (%)	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	100 ± 0	98 ± 3
Normal seedlings (%)	90 ± 5	98 ± 3	100 ± 0	98 ± 3
Mean time (days)	6.15 ± 0.15	3.90 ± 0.30	3.45 ± 0.15	3.86 ± 0.21
Electrical conductivity (μS.cm^-1.gDW^-1)	11.77 ± 2.74	11.71 ± 0.49	11.18 ± 2.23	11.56 ± 1.88
O₂ consumption (μmol O₂.gDW^-1.d^-1)	123.97 ± 11.45	167.48 ± 19.26	150.96 ± 19.66	161.83 ± 12.55
CO₂ release (μmol CO₂.gDW^-1.d^-1)	98.14 ± 2.33	149.29 ± 13.15	133.91 ± 18.65	132.47 ± 10.05
Respiratory quotient (CO₂.O₂ ^-1)	0.80 ± 0.07	0.89 ± 0.02	0.89 ± 0.01	0.82 ± 0.01

Collection region	Drying level	Water content (%)	Water potential (MPa)
Ribeirão Vermelho	No drying	58.6 ± 0.9	-1.10 ± 0.08
	Level 1	53.4 ± 2.3	-2.69 ± 0.44
	Level 2	43.8 ± 1.1	-4.71 ± 0.43
Piracicaba	No drying	63.4 ± 1.1	-1.15 ± 0.17
	Level 1	53.0 ± 2.2	-2.99 ± 0.31
	Level 2	47.6 ± 0.9	-4.69 ± 0.19
São Paulo	No drying	56.1 ± 1.9	-0.77 ± 0.24
	Level 1	54.1 ± 4.1	-2.41 ± 0.05
	Level 2	50.3 ± 1.0	-3.05 ± 0.40
Pariquera-Açu	No drying	59.2 ± 1.6	-0.89 ± 0.15
	Level 1	55.3 ± 1.1	-2.33 ± 0.05
	Level 2	49.4 ± 2.9	-3.50 ± 0.47

Region of collection	Level of drying	Temperature (°C)				Means
Region of collection	Level of drying	-4	-2	2	5
		Germination (%)
RIB	No drying	0 cC	100 aA	97 aB	100 aA	-
	Level 1	30 bC	100 aA	97 aB	100 aA	-
	Level 2	83 aB	83 bB	87 bA	70 bC	-
	Coefficient of variation		15.38%
PIR	No drying	0 cC	93 aB	100 aA	100 aA	-
	Level 1	30 bC	93 aB	100 aA	100 aA	-
	Level 2	87 aD	93 aB	90 bC	100 aA	-
	Coefficient of variation		13.75%
SAP	No drying	0	87	97	100	71 c
	Level 1	0	97	100	100	74 b
	Level 2	0	100	100	100	75 a
	Means	0 D	94 C	99 B	100 A
	Coefficient of variation		5.57%
PAR	No drying	0 aD	90 cB	83 cC	100 aA	-
	Level 1	0 aB	100 aA	100 aA	100 aA	-
	Level 2	0 aC	93 bB	97 bA	97 bA	-
	Coefficient of variation		6.15%
		Normal seedlings (%)
RIB	No drying	0 cD	87 bC	93 aB	97 aA	-
	Level 1	13 bD	100 aA	93 aC	97 aB	-
	Level 2	53 aC	53 cC	73 bA	60 bB	-
	Coefficient of variation		13.36%
PIR	No drying	0 cD	90 bC	97 aB	100 aA	-
	Level 1	10 bC	93 aB	97 aA	97 bA	-
	Level 2	77 aD	87 cC	90 bB	97 bA	-
	Coefficient of variation		11.34%
SAP	No drying	0	87	97	100	71 b
	Level 1	0	93	100	97	73 a
	Level 2	0	93	90	97	70 c
	Means	0 D	91 C	96 B	98 A
	Coefficient of variation		7.03%
PAR	No drying	0	83	80	97	65 c
	Level 1	0	93	97	100	73 a
	Level 2	0	90	97	93	70 b
	Means	0 D	89 C	91 B	97 A
	Coefficient of variation		9.33%

Region of collection	Level of drying	Temperature (°C)			Means
Region of collection	Level of drying	-4	-2	2	5
		O₂ consumption (µmol O₂.gDW^-1.d^-1)
RIB	No drying	13.59	20.93	16.25	22.52	18.32 a
	Level 1	12.93	9.43	19.65	22.80	16.20 b
	Level 2	11.54	9.84	17.06	20.79	14.81 c
	Means	12.69 D	13.40 C	17.65 B	22.04 A
	Coefficient of variation		37.66%
PIR	No drying	22.63	17.29	29.41	54.43	30.94 a
	Level 1	23.11	12.12	29.55	34.80	24.90 b
	Level 2	7.07	7.03	11.03	15.86	10.25 c
	Means	17.61 C	12.14 D	23.33 B	35.03 A
	Coefficient of variation		74.13%
SAP	No drying	4.54 cD	7.25 cB	7.14 cC	22.79 aA	-
	Level 1	5.66 bD	9.44 aC	16.83 bA	16.79 cB	-
	Level 2	7.96 aD	8.45 bC	19.66 aB	19.87 bA	-
	Coefficient of variation		32.86%
PAR	No drying	21.43	20.42	34.49	36.58	28.23 b
	Level 1	14.63	18.94	33.64	32.14	24.84 c
	Level 2	20.56	23.82	31.90	40.27	29.14 a
	Means	18.88 D	21.06 C	33.35 B	36.33 A
	Coefficient of variation		23.14%
		CO₂ production (µmol CO₂.gDW^-1.d^-1)
RIB	No drying	14.10	7.56	18.13	23.06	15.71 c
	Level 1	14.38	13.14	21.35	23.47	18.09 a
	Level 2	14.97	12.66	18.44	21.04	16.78 b
	Means	14.48 C	11.12 D	19.30 B	22.52 A
	Coefficient of variation		29.92%
PIR	No drying	17.85	17.93	27.21	32.19	23.80 b
	Level 1	23.10	14.25	28.48	32.39	24.56 a
	Level 2	12.30	15.54	13.80	16.90	14.64 c
	Means	17.75 C	15.91 D	23.17 B	27.16 A
	Coefficient of variation		36.97%
SAP	No drying	12.59 cD	14.11 cB	13.83 cC	26.82 aA	-
	Level 1	14.86 bD	16.79 bB	15.65 bC	22.61 cA	-
	Level 2	15.24 aD	17.16 aC	26.30 aB	26.52 bA	-
	Coefficient of variation		15.30%
PAR	No drying	18.15	13.25	23.13	23.76	19.57 b
	Level 1	12.75	12.44	23.97	18.51	16.91 c
	Level 2	16.44	15.95	23.71	28.85	21.24 a
	Means	15.78 C	13.88 D	23.60 B	23.71 A
	Coefficient of variation		34.97%

Region of collection	Level of drying	Temperature (°C)				Means
Region of collection	Level of drying	-4	-2	2	5
		Electrical conductivity (µS.cm^-1.gDW^-1)
RIB	No drying	393.54 aA	40.40 bB	27.94 bC	21.00 cD	-
	Level 1	284.50 bA	36.28 cB	13.99 cD	22.49 bC	-
	Level 2	92.03 cA	69.02 aB	50.74 aC	49.08 aD	-
	Coefficient of variation		33.16%
PIR	No drying	401.35 aA	38.80 bB	27.23 bC	18.44 cD	-
	Level 1	254.27 bA	37.53 cC	21.37 cD	39.82 bB	-
	Level 2	70.22 cA	57.27 aB	34.84 aD	46.29 aC	-
	Coefficient of variation		39.39%
SAP	No drying	389.04	33.34	12.45	18.04	113.22 c
	Level 1	401.47	39.62	19.79	20.27	120.29 b
	Level 2	399.35	53.23	41.19	27.68	130.36 a
	Means	396.62 A	42.06 B	24.48 C	22.00 D	-
	Coefficient of variation		17.13%
PAR	No drying	440.32	37.34	88.31	50.23	154.05 a
	Level 1	364.24	35.84	35.47	36.92	118.12 c
	Level 2	419.89	62.04	58.33	73.97	153.56 b
	Means	408.15 A	45.08 D	60.70 B	53.71 C	-
	Coefficient of variation		19.97%
		Respiratory quotient (CO₂.O₂ ^-1)
RIB	No drying	1.00 cC	0.72 cD	1.18 aA	1.04 aB	-
	Level 1	1.20 bB	1.41 aA	1.09 bC	1.03 bD	-
	Level 2	1.28 aB	1.29 bA	1.08 cC	1.01 cD	-
	Coefficient of variation		18.68%
PIR	No drying	0.75 cC	0.63 cD	0.93 cA	0.79 bB	-
	Level 1	1.00 bB	1.39 bA	0.99 bC	0.94 aD	-
	Level 2	1.75 aB	2.25 aA	1.41 aC	0.70 cD	-
	Coefficient of variation		31.02%
SAP	No drying	2.84	2.03	1.06	1.18	1.78 a
	Level 1	2.72	1.78	1.09	1.47	1.77 b
	Level 2	2.20	2.08	1.34	1.34	1.74 c
	Means	2.59 A	1.96 B	1.16 D	1.33 C	-
	Coefficient of variation		28.48%
PAR	No drying	0.84	0.57	0.67	0.65	0.68 b
	Level 1	0.71	0.65	0.71	0.52	0.65 c
	Level 2	0.80	0.60	0.74	0.72	0.72 a
	Means	0.78 A	0.61 D	0.71 B	0.63 C	-
	Coefficient of variation		32.81%

ABRATES - Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes Av. Juscelino Kubitschek, 1400 - 3° Andar, sala 31 - Centro,, CEP 86020-000 Londrina/PR - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: jss@abrates.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: cjbarbedo@yahoo.com.br

	│Ψ│	G	NS	EC
	Embryos incubated at -4 °C
WC	-0.92^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.70^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.67^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.69^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
│Ψ│		0.79^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.76^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.78^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
G			0.97^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.99^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
NS				-0.95^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
	Embryos incubated at -2 °C
WC	-0.92^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.34^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.49^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.76^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
│Ψ│		-0.19^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.34^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.73^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
G			0.76^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.38^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
NS				-0.56^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
	Embryos incubated at 2 °C
WC	-0.92^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.27^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.42^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.16^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
│Ψ│		-0.19^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.32^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.08^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
G			0.86^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.70^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
NS				-0.64^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
	Embryos incubated at 5 °C
WC	-0.92^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.60^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.65^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.52^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
│Ψ│		-0.53^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.57^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	0.53^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
G			0.99^* (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.	-0.33^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.
NS				-0.36^NS (*): significant r at 5% probability; (NS): non-significant r.