Food content on children movies from 2013 to 2018: taking food processing into account

Horta, Paula M.; Machado, Bárbara B.; Souza, Liziane V. de

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2020.06.006

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Sumário

Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 97 (3) • May-Jun 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.06.006 copy

Food content on children movies from 2013 to 2018: taking food processing into account^☆ ☆ Study conducted at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

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Abstract

Objective

Movies and TV programs directed to children contain food information that can potentially negative influence their food consumption. The NOVA classification is a useful system for monitoring food informational environment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate food content on children movies using the NOVA classification.

Methods

The 13 top box office children movies released from 2013 to 2018 were evaluated. Each food reference was classified as unprocessed or minimally processed, processed and ultra-processed food (UPF) and as positive, negative, and neutral message transmitted.

Results

One hundred and ninety-eight (n = 198) scenes that contained 555 food references were included. The frequency of references to unprocessed and minimally processed foods (60.1%) was similar to references of UPF (59.1%). Fruit/vegetables and sweets represented 37.9% of food appearances each. Scenes containing fruit/vegetables conveyed more negative (62.5%) or neutral messages (49.3%) than positive (26.4%). UPF scenes contained more positive (70.9%) and negative content (75.0%) than neutral (37.3%). Regarding UPF subcategories, sweets scenes were more positive (49.1%) than neutral (22.4%) and fast food meals scenes were more negative (37.5%) than neutral (5.9%).

Conclusions

UPF, unprocessed food, and minimally processed foods have similar frequency in the movies. Except for fast food meals, UPF were commonly more associated with positive situations and unprocessed and minimally processed foods were more commonly associated with negative contexts.

Keywords
Children; Movies; Ultra-processed foods; Food environment

Movie	Release year	Box office (U$)	Food reference scenes (n^a a Number of scenes in which at least one type of food was placed. )
Monsters University	2013	268,492,764	9
Despicable Me 2	2013	368,061,265	24
Frozen	2013	400,738,009	14
Maleficent	2014	241,410,378	3
Inside Out	2015	356,461,711	21
Minions	2015	336,045,770	16
The Secret Life of Pets	2016	368,384,330	18
The Jungle Book	2016	364,001,123	5
Zootopia	2016	341,268,248	26
Finding Dory	2016	486,295,561	3
Despicable Me 3	2017	264,624,300	24
Beauty and the Beast	2017	504,014,165	21
Incredibles 2	2018	608,581,744	14

Message	Scene description
Positive	• On Zootopia, the police receptionist eats several donuts with satisfaction; • On Incredibles 2, Jack-Jack has a lollipop with satisfaction; • On Despicable Me 3, minions run in the direction of a pizza delivery man because they are hungry and want pizza; • On Inside Out, Riley remembers when she was a child and had a happy moment with her parents having an ice-cream.

Negative	• On Inside Out, Riley is having a meal with her parents when broccoli is offered to her. Disgust (a character representing the feeling of disgust) influences Riley to reject broccoli; • On Incredibles 2, Dash does not accept his mother delivery request containing vegetables; • On Despicable Me 3, two characters are eating and one of them sneak out broccoli and leave only spaghetti on the plate; • On Maleficent, the birthday cake made by the fairies for Aurora's birthday does not seem attractive and delicious.

Neutral	• On Beauty and the Beast, Beauty offers breakfast to her father and the scene continues without showing any relation between him and the meal; • On Zootopia, Judy's boss prevents Duke from stealing onions; • On The Jungle Book, fruit are eaten by Baloo, the Bear.

Both	• On Incredibles 2, when the family is having breakfast, two types of cereals are been offered: a sugary cereal and a whole-grain cereal. Mr. Incredible decides that the best cereal for the family is the whole-grain one and Dash expresses his desire to have the sugary one. • On Incredibles 2, Dash says he does not want to eat vegetables but Mr. Incredible advises that a healthy diet contains vegetables.

Foods	n ^a a Number of food references in the scenes. Some scenes contained more than one food reference. Note: Different letters in the same columns indicate statistically significant differences in the chi-squared test with Bonferroni-corrected alpha level adjustment.	Frequency (%)	Message (%)
Foods		Frequency (%)	Positive	Negative	Neutral	p-Value
Unprocessed and minimally processed foods	119	60.1	52.7	62.5	70.2	0.070
Fruit/vegetables	75	37.9	26.4^B	62.5^A	49.3^A	0.001
Milk	12	6.1	8.2	0.0	2.9	0.207
Tea and coffee	19	9.6	10.9	0.0	10.5	0.384
Meat and eggs	19	9.6	10.9	12.5	5.9	0.494
Other unprocessed and minimally processed foods	18	9.1	10.0	6.3	8.9	0.883
Processed foods	21	10.6	12.7	6.3	5.9	0.302
Ultra-processed foods	118	59.6	70.9^A	75.0^A	37.3^B	<0.0001
Sweets	75	37.9	49.1^A	31.3	22.4^B	0.002
Fast food meals	30	15.2	17.3	37.5^A	5.9^B	0.004
Beverages	27	13.6	15.5	18.8	10.5	0.550
Other UPF	22	11.1	17.3^A	0.0	2.9^B	0.004

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[1] * Corresponding author. paulamhorta@gmail.com

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Food content on children movies from 2013 to 2018: taking food processing into account☆ ☆ Study conducted at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Food content on children movies from 2013 to 2018: taking food processing into account^☆ ☆ Study conducted at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.